Abstract
This paper explains that 8% of wrongful convictions are due to forced confessions prompted by the police. The author states that twelve-year-old Stephanie Crowe was found stabbed to death on her bedroom floor in 1998; however, the Crowe family's nightmare had only just started because her 14-year-old brother Michael was coerced by Escondido, California police detectives, who were so desperate for a confession to close this horrific crime that they overlooked crucial evidence, into confessing to the murder. The paper relates that the charges of murder were dropped before trial in February, 1999 after last-minute DNA testing found spots of Stephanie's blood on a sweatshirt worn by a transient man seen in the neighborhood the night of the killing.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Crime
The Investigation
The Transient
Mass of Evidence
Under Suspicion
The Interrogation of Michael Crowe and Joshua Treadway
What Was Wrong With The Interrogation?
Aftermath of the Confessions
Preparing for Trial
Forensic Flip-flop
Preview of Evidence
The Richard Tuite theory
The Evidence in the Container
The Hearing
Prosecution's Confidence Enhanced
Defense's Rebuttal
The Crucial Hearing
Groundbreaking Evidence
A Conviction at Last

From the Paper
"The detectives interrogating Michael Crowe crossed a clearly and explicitly defined line when they told Michael only by admitting he killed his sister they could help him and by telling him his parents no longer wanted him. According to a Crime Library Article, the police "used lies, false promises, isolation from parents and attorneys, even threats of adult prison and predatory older inmates" as techniques to elicit a confession. The treatment of Michael by detectives was clearly not according to protocol. The interrogation of Michael Crowe was against protocol and clearly was an enormous mistake made by detectives."

Tags:wrongful, isolation, protocol, blood, relationship

Abstract
This paper explains that, according to linguist Noam Chomsky, the government of the United States is a terrorist state because it participates in activities that (1) involve violent acts or endanger human life, which is a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State and (2) appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping. The author uses examples such as World War I, Vietnam, Indonesia, the U.S. involvement in Central America and Turkey receiving 80 percent of its arms from the U.S. to launch its counterinsurgency campaign. The paper relates that Chomsky uses his linguistic skills to indict the United States government for its use of constructed ideals to create the appearance of correctness for the crimes committed against humanity.

From the Paper
"Chomsky voices his surprise that the September 11 events had a rather abrasive effect on the American people. Indeed, there is a tendency towards more critical consideration of issues that were previously accepted without question. These include the U.S. role in the Middle East and local issues relating to human rights and freedoms. The press of course is attempting to suppress this upsurge of protest by denying it. Chomsky however cites a variety of examples of demands for talks, the engagement of audiences and the sale of books promoting the idea that the government is engaging in terrorist activities that should be addressed if indeed the American way of life is to be preserved."

Tags:correctness, coerce, vietnam, bush, guise

Abstract
This paper focuses on William Shakespeare's use of women in his plays. It shows how Shakespeare chose to include women such as Lady Macbeth, Desdemona and Imogen as counterparts to the male protagonists often guiding the play. It describes the roles played by Lady Macbeth, Desdemona and Imogen and how they are necessary to not only maintain the flow of the play, but often to coerce their male counterparts into extreme behavior. The paper focuses on the strength and abilities of these women, deriving a logical conclusion as to why Shakespeare may have given them such great importance.

From the Paper
"English poet, playwright and actor, William Shakespeare, bestowed upon the world a canon of literature that has earned him recognition as the greatest playwright of all time. Through his literary genius, Shakespeare created some of the most famous literary works studied across the globe. His methodical and artistic nature provided an enhanced view of our world through imitation and a means by which issues such as race, class and gender could be transcended. Shakespeare's creative efforts encouraged cultural influence allowing him to attain this profound appreciation that no other author has rivaled. His ability to captivate audiences in numerous languages has allowed him to remain the "greatest playwright of all time." Time after time, William Shakespeare proved himself to be the "soul of the age"(Jonson), providing works that imitated real life, while incorporating lyrical images that transcended this Elizabethan Era literature and become contemporary in "all time"(Jonson). His writing often combines an efficient use of symbolic messages, facets of British and Roman history, romance, revenge tragedy, comedy and myth. The versatility of Shakespeare's prose from one literary piece to the next seems to be central to his success. The brilliance of William Shakespeare is exposed in his dynamic ability to write and perform the greatest theatrical works the world has ever experienced."

Tags:desdemona, feminism, feminist, imogen, lady

Abstract
This paper first explores the approach of liberals and realists to global U.S. leadership and argues that the tenets of liberalism are the only choice in a world that has become increasingly unified in political, economic and social aspects. The paper then analyzes how liberals and realists view international organizations in order to examine their effectiveness. The focus of the paper is on U.S. relations with China and North Korea and explores the best course of action for the U.S. and ultimate solutions to the problems with these countries. In conclusion, the paper maintains that if we stopped trying to coerce other nations to follow our lead and instead gave them the tools to do so themselves, we would all benefit. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"In modern political theory, proponents such as Michael Doyle and Robert Keohane tout the ideals of liberalism (Mingst 9). Liberals feel that states will enjoy increased cooperation as liberal values spread. Contemporary liberal political philosophy has three main branches, each of which examines the liberal policy from a different standpoint: economy, democracy, and cooperation.
"All of these liberal theories believe that international cooperation is a possible, even viable, goal. From the advocates of the economic standpoint, multinational economic cooperation is the key to peace. For example, the countries of the EC have complete economic interdependence--from this perspective, this economic reliance will discourage these nations from warfare as it would threaten their comprehensive financial prosperity. The democratic advocates aver, along the Wilsonian model, that states that hold to democratic policies and ideals are inherently more peaceful than their authoritarian counterparts. Still other liberal scholars consider the efficacy of international cooperation through institutions such as the IEA and the IMF. Regardless of the particular idiom they follow, most liberals' inherent goal is that of global prosperity and communication through the twin tools of democracy and liberal ideals."

Tags:liberalism, realism, United, Nations, intervention, isolationism

Abstract
In this paper, a feminist critique of Andrew Marvel's poem "To His Coy Mistress" is offered that focuses on the speaker's tactics in trying to coerce his Lady into sex.

From the Paper
"Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" is a poem in ABAB rhyme scheme that is divided into three stanzas for a total of - lines. In the first stanza the speaker informs his intended Lady how he would love her if time were no consideration. In the second stanza he warns her that time is fleeting and they are mortal."

Tags:sexism, misogyny, allusion, dominance, violence, spirituality, mortality, eternity

Abstract
This paper begins by noting that, when Bill Clinton was caught having a sexual affair with Monica Lewinsky, his reaction may have been similar to many men in his position. His hold on power made it wrong for him to coerce her into such a role. The paper then analyzes why sexual harassment is so bad for workplace morale, ethics and the role of women in the workplace. The paper urges that the best way for a woman to avoid sexual harassment is to insure that she does not put herself in a compromising situation such as going to dinner with her boss alone. The paper then suggests that, when a woman feels that she is being sexually harassed by her boss, her best defense is to give him a firm "no", with no chance for a misunderstanding---and this is what Lewinsky should have done.

From the Paper
"One can look at Bill Clinton's reaction as typical. When first asked, under oath, if he had had sex with Lewinsky, he said: "I did not have sex with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." His first approach was therefore denial. His second approach was to come clean with his wife. Hillary Clinton's public face was to stay close to her man. This author believes that this is a common reaction to spouses of men who sexually harass women at work. She decided to show solidarity with her husband."

Tags:power, denial, no, avoid, sexually-abusive

Abstract
This paper explains that William Blake challenges us with his imaginative musings; perhaps, the greatest example of this type of writing can be seen in his ?The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,? in which Blake engages the reader in a language full of twists and turns and forces the reader to think about social, political and religious oppression. The author points out that, different from Blake, William Wordsworth is famous for using nature to coerce the reader to think outside what is comfortable, as seen in poem, ?I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud?. The paper concludes that, although William Blake and William Wordsworth are very different poets, both excel at challenging the reader to think beyond what the world considers normal boundaries.

From the Paper
"Blake's poem, "London" also illustrates a certain misery by observing society. The poet reveals to us what he sees as he wanders through the streets. He comments on "marks of weakness, marks of woe" (4) in every face he encounters. Additionally, he hears "every cry of man" (5). This image presents us with a miserable portrait of London. It is interesting to note that nothing that escapes the talons of this misery. The infants, the soldiers, the church, and the palace are infected with misery. The poet implies that the church ignores the cries emanating "the mind-forged manacles" (8)."

Tags:london, cloud, marriage, recollections, sweeper

Abstract
The paper discusses the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 which is widely regarded as the most dangerous moment of the Cold War. The paper shows that the successful resolution of the crisis led to an immediate improvement in relationship between the superpowers, and focused the world's attention on the issues surrounding nuclear capability and deterrence, as well as led to the development of a new method of "crisis management" known as brinkmanship - a diplomatic theory, which involves using the threat of war in order to coerce an opponent into backing down.

From the Paper
"In a wider sense, however, the overriding legacy of the crisis was to alert the world to the ever-present, and immediate, threat of nuclear war. This realization led the superpowers, and other nations, to reevaluate their policies of nuclear deterrence in the hope of learning how to avoid such a potentially disastrous situation happening again. The significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis is perhaps best highlighted in the words of President Kennedy's national security advisor, McGeorge Bundy, who declared that, "having come so close to the edge we must make it our business not to pass this way again" (462)".

Tags:ExCom, Nikita, Khrushchev, Kennedy, Soviet, Partial, Test, Ban, Treaty

Abstract
This paper puts forward the premise that terrorism is not an exclusive act, isolated to those of the September 11 bombers, but rather an act employed by many different people, for many different reasons, throughout the centuries. It looks at how the terrorist attacks against Americans and Israelis, in particular, are done to change the policies of those nations, just as those nations use violence to change the policies of others. It shows how the aggression by the Islamic groups involving attacks on innocent civilians is directly correlated to their abilities to coerce.

From the Paper
"This analysis of terrorism is not limited to the attacks on the World Trade Center buildings and the Pentagon, but it is also applicable to the majority of the acts carried out in the Middle East, presently. One of the most popular methods of Islamic terrorism (particularly carried out against Israelis) is the use of suicide bombers. Young Palestinians strap makeshift bombs around their body and detonate them in concentrations of people. Again, the ultimate goal is coercion of the government or group of people being attacked, using the only effective means available."

Tags:america, israel, suicide, bombers, osama, bin, laden, pentagon, 9/11

Abstract
This paper examines the available medical research regarding circumcision in new born male infants. Until recently, parents of newborn males were often faced with a decision concerning their baby that medical experts often promised would have far-reaching consequences. They were told that circumcising their baby would prevent horrible medical maladies, including infections and sexually transmitted diseases. This paper details the advances in medical research which proves that these claims are untrue. The Academy of Pediatrics has actively taken a firm stand against routine circumcision for boys. This paper explores the cultural and religious demands that coerce many parents to continue choosing this particular surgical procedure for their infant sons. This paper also touches on the issue of female circumcision and genital mutilation as well as the related complications.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, based on the medical complications and related consequences of both routine infant circumcision of boys and female genital mutilation of girls, one might wonder why either continues to exist. However, closer looks at both practices indicate that they are similar. Indeed, in the societies where the respective practices exist, problems arising from each are likely to be seen as a normal part of life and may not even be associated with circumcision. The most important reasons, however, probably lie in the social and economic conditions of the lives of those who are subjected to the practices. Still, in considering the complications, sexual hardships and increase of sexually transmitted diseases surrounding both procedures, it is easy to see that both practices are incredibly similar and must be stopped on all humans worldwide immediately."

Tags:health, sexuality, culture, medical, surgery, religion