Abstract
This paper examines the unfortunate incidences of medical errors in a hospital situation. The paper presents a proposal to increase patient safety with bar coding at the bedside. The paper discusses the relevant statistics of medical mishaps and the ensuing effects on all involved. The paper contends that bar coding is a simple solution to a huge problem, a process which will save lives, promote longevity and quality of life, avoid legal actions, financial losses, reputation and licensure losses.

Outline
Introduction
The Analysis
Iatrogenic Study Comparison
The Reporting
The Drug-Related Morbidity Solution
Bar Coding
Early Compliant Hospitals
The Justification
Summary
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Patient care and recovery statistics demonstrate that the United States has a medical care system with which Americans are less satisfied than other citizens in developed countries. There are many reasons for this: correlation between health and socioeconomic status; non-universality; federal government is not involved in medical planning although it purchases a large percentage of the 14% health care GNP; lobbying and special interest group interference; and political opposition to restraining medical developments."

Tags:doctor, malpractice, patients

Abstract
This paper provides a coding scheme for an online discussion forum of Chinese history that would be concerned with the strengths and weaknesses of emperors and leaders of that nation and their use of strategies to enforce ideological views during their reigns.

Outline:
Background
Foundations for Defining a Coding Scheme
Coding Scheme Definition

From the Paper
"Typically when students on online discussion forums are argumentative and pervasive, the level of rationality of arguments is shown. In devising a coding scheme specifically on this dimension, authors Habermas and Cohen both state that the best approach to coding this attribute is to devise this variable into two states, that of reasoning and logic of the specific argumentative or persuasive component, and for the second, the reasons that the persuasive arguments are framed and presented from the standpoint of the current good. In the context of the current discussion forums being evaluated, there are many debates as to who is the best ruler of China from historical analysis, in addition to an elite-level status of a select group of rulers. This specific variable as part of the coding scheme, rationality, captures the logic and reason of how the collective group of students is first defining this "elite" level class to begin with, and second, defining how history will ultimately view their contributions to Chinese society."

Tags:CSCL, learning, defining, scheme, student

Abstract
This paper gives a very technical discussion of the book "The Language of New Media". The author explores the concept of trans-coding and presents it in terms of culture, media presentation and the prominence of computer science.

From the Paper
"In terms of the computer layer, there has been an evolution in order to support the new functions of the computer in its support of the cultural layer. Manovich identifies the algorithm-data structure dichotomy. Hypermedia involves the separation of algorithm and data structure in computer programming. The cultural effect on hypermedia is then the separation of data from the navigational structure. The modular structure of the new media thus parallels the modular structure of computer programming. In this way even components of programming are effects of deeper-level computer data sets to simplify the programming process for the computer user. Programming components are presented in an understandable fashion to create effects decoded by the deeper structure, which is separate from the navigational structure. Interactivity thus becomes open and simple to use for any computer user, regardless of educational level."

Tags:mass, media, computer, technical, evolution

Abstract
In this article, the writer summarizes the primary points discussed by Lawrence Lessig in his book, "Code: Version 2.0." Following this summary the points made in the book are related back to basic computer science elements and components. The final section of the paper presents an evaluation of the book.

From the Paper
"Social scientists e g McClellan Dorn have long known that two very different subjects are science and technology and what human beings do with science and technology. When a student takes a computer science class he/ she learns its essential elements which would include such components as computer structure and basic operations program planning and design program coding and simple input output control structures and program writing functions and subroutines object oriented programming data structures translation processes and so forth ..."

Tags:Internet, book, program design, coding, knowledge, computer science basics

Abstract
This paper discusses the student code of conduct on university campuses and looks at how this code is not always respected or upheld by the students attending the universities. The paper then goes on to elaborate on how students do not always comply with the student code of conduct and concludes that a student code of conduct is not enough to ensure proper behavior and conduct on campus. Instead, universities should seek alternative actions to enforce and uphold polices that will ensure that the students are enriched through a "safe" and positive academic experience.

From the Paper
" Another act of violence that is occurring on college campuses is hazing. "Hazing" includes activities such as being kidnapped, abandoned, excessive drinking, sexual acts, assault, and in some circumstances, even death. Hazing continues to be prevalent amongst college students as a form of "initiation" or "admission". Students believe that hazing promotes unity and team cohesiveness. The reality about hazing is that it usually goes on under a blanket of sworn secrecy (Campo, Paulos, Sipple, 2005); which makes this problem one that should not be tolerated. A zero tolerance rule should also be adopted for any violent acts on campus. Campo and her colleagues (2005), describe hazing as any activity that is a "condition of initiation" in an organization that may have a negative impact on the physical and/or emotional well-being of individuals and/or their peers. Hazing has been practiced for years; most commonly identified to athletes, fraternities and sororities."

Tags:code, coduct, student, violance

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze different aspects of Pulse Code Modulation including sampling theory, aliasing, quantizing and effect of non-uniform quantization. Each part of the paper begins with the theoretical analysis; then the simulation results are presented. Finally the practical measurement results are demonstrated and discussed. For better analysis and subjective evaluation of quantization process, a Java-MATLAB application is developed (the source codes are included). Finally in the conclusion, the main points of each part are summarized.
Outline
Introduction
Pulse Modulations
Pulse Code Modulation
Sampling
Nyquist Sampling Theorem and the Aliasing Distortion
Zero Order Hold (ZOH)
Effect of Output Pulse Width
Aliasing Distortion
Variation of the Output Filter Bandwidth
Quantization
PCM Quantization Analysis: Java-MATLAB Software Application
Peak clipping
Quantization Distortion
Spectrum of Quantization Noise
Non-Uniform Quantization
The i law
Quantization Distortion for a Companded System
Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Java Software Source code

From the Paper
"Sampling is the first step in any pulse modulation system. In fact by sampling, a signal is represented by set of discrete samples. If the frequency of the sampling is high enough, the original signal can be recovered from the samples. This concept will be examined with more details later. From the mathematical point of view, the sampling process can be considered as the multiplication of the message signal by a train of Dirac impulses. "

Tags:aliasing, analogue, bandwidth, clipping, code, communication, converter, dac, digital, distortion, filtering, frequency, holding, law, low, matlab, modulation, non, nyquist, pass, pcm, peak, pulse, quantization, sampling, simulation, spectrum, theory, uniform, zero, zoh

Abstract
The paper discusses how the nursing code of ethics began with Florence Nightingale in 1893 and was patterned "after the hypocratic oath" taken by physicians (Hook & White, 2008, p. 1). The paper relates that by 1896, the Nurses' Associated Alumnae in both Canada and the United States came together, creating the American Nurses Association, as well as a new code of ethics to be used throughout nursing practice. This code was then replaced in the 1940s by a code mandating 17 provisions for nurses to adhere to, which were not altered until the late 1960s, reducing the number of provisions to ten (Hook & White, 2008, p. 3). The paper explains that by the late 1970s, 11 provisions were adopted and in 1985 and 2001 interpretive statements were added.

Tags:nursing, code, ethics

Abstract
This paper describes the pre-World War II Japanese code machine known as Purple, and how US cryptanalysts broke it. Additionally, the paper discusses the distinction between codes and ciphers, further examining the technology of the Purple machine and the means of breaking its code. The paper concludes with an analysis of the US failure to prevent Pearl Harbor along with later successful use of decoded Japanese secret information.

From the Paper
"Prior to its entry into the Second World War the United States had no overall national intelligence-gathering and interpretation agencie. The Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the ancestor of the CIA, was only established after the US entered the war. Both the exigencies of war and the shock of the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor led to a dramatic expansion and coordination of intelligence gathering which was then institutionalized in peacetime by the National Security Act ..."

Tags:codes, OSS, Japan, crytananalysts, Pearl Harbor, ciphers, japan, intelligence (military/diplomatic), world war II, pearl harbor

Abstract
The paper discusses the Samurai and their code of honor. The paper talks about Japan's warrior class and various aspects of the code, including the absence of the fear of death. The paper includes the concept of an honorable death to regain honor. The paper concludes with the impact of the code of honor on Japanese soldiers in World War II.

From the Paper
"In Japan, the warrior class was known as Bushido. The Samurai and Their Use of Bushido: Integral to this code was an absence of any fear of death and the belief that dying in battle would bring honor to one's family and one's lord."

Tags:Samurai, honor code

Abstract
This paper relates that the Professional Engineers' Code of Ethics covers the basic requirements for the engineer in terms of ethics,. The author points out that the code shows that the engineer should show ethical behavior to his or her associates, employers, clients, subordinates, and employees, which includes the public in its broadest application. This paper notes that the code cites the need for he engineer not only to be competent but to keep up with new developments in the field and so to pursue ongoing education in this field in order to have that necessary knowledge.

From the Paper
"The engineer has a number of levels of responsibility and may have to balance those based on which are more important. His or her primary responsibility is to the professional code of ethics, which in turn is based on the view that the profession owes a responsibility to society and must place this responsibility first. In the case of a project being paid for by the taxpayer, the engineer owes it to society to assure that the costs are not excessive and that the project that is being done has a good chance of success at the price being paid. There are a number of different rationales offered for why engineers have particular obligations to serve the interests of the public and to especially work to maintain safety as part of their public trust."

Tags:engineering, code, ethics