Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the city of Pittsburgh has long been known as a 'steel' tough city filled with a variety of individuals who are as rough and coarse as the city itself. The writer points out that this perception of Pittsburgh and its inhabitants began to change in the early 1980s with the decline of the steel production for which the city was famous. Pittsburgh, from the time of the Civil War until those early 1980s, was a city filled with steel mills and other factories whose sole purpose was to provide America and the world with the steel it needed to fuel unprecedented growth. The writer then looks at the dialect that developed in Pittsburgh. The writer discusses that with competition and a decline in the need for steel, Pittsburgh had to transform itself from a city of steel mills to a city that provides (primarily) services such as healthcare and medical expertise.

From the Paper
"Another important factor in this continued use of Pittsburghese is the media's use of the same words and pronunciations. Many of the immigrants were poor and uneducated and easily fell into the same patterns of language usage as those around them, both at work and at home. Many of them were unable to read, but importantly, they wanted more for their children and because of the available work, they were able to provide the children with the opportunity to become educated. Because the media continued to use the same phrases as they had used earlier, even the now educated offspring spoke in the same manner."

Tags:Pittsburghese, steel, mills, settlers

Abstract
The paper explores why, from its first publication in 1885 to today, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" has been scorned with immense disapproval by critics who demand the banishment of America's most evocative yet accurate narrative ever written. The paper discusses the disagreement about whether it was a suitable book for children based on concerns of immoral conduct and coarse dialect. The paper also discusses the racial slurs and stereotypes that offended students and scholars. The paper posits that the conflict whether to ban the narrative from public academies and institutions still exists, and will exist as long as social and racial inequality survives within America.

From the Paper
"Novels have been banned throughout history because of the public's outcry for censorship. Generally caused by religious controversy, misinterpretations of the text and insularity, great novels are sometimes banned in academics and institutions. Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was condemned by critics who called Twain a racist and an advocate of immorality. Throughout this masterpiece, Twain created multi-dimensional characters that embodied the vernacular and belief system common to the early to mid-1800s. Because of this, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been banned in schools, libraries, and establishments due to the extensive misinterpretations of Twain's genius narrative depicting life in the Antebellum United States."

Tags:dialect, vernacular, racism, nigger

Abstract
The student discusses rocks and how they are read by observing their color, their grain (smooth, coarse, or fine), hardness, and the location in which they are found. The student then describes how the Grand Canyon contains rock layers that range in age from 1,800 million years old to about 270 million years old and explains how the Canyon was formed by flooding of inland seas and windy desert conditions that eroded and sculpted the Canyon over the last 5 to 6 million years. The writer shows how the Grand Canyon is a living example of erosion and construction over time.

From the Paper
"Journal Rocks are read by observing their color, their grain (smooth, coarse, or fine), hardness, and the location in which they are found. The Grand..."

Tags:geology, volcano, earthquake

Abstract
This paper discusses how "Six Feet Under is unique among American television shows in its depiction of sex and gender. It examines how, because it is an HBO cable series, the writers are offered considerable leeway in the use of partial nudity and coarse language, and how, ironically, Alan Ball, the writer/executive producer/creator of "Six Feet Under", keeps the show relatively free of gender bias or stereotypes. It also looks at how depictions of sexuality in the series are realistic and tasteful, not nearly as sensationalized as they are often shown on network television. In particular, it shows how Episode 13, entitled "Knock, Knock" reflects the mores, folkways, and values in American culture, including those that have to do with sexuality and gender.

From the Paper
"In the opening scene, a female executive is shown on a golf course, the casual business arena usually reserved for men. Yet she berates and taunts one of her managers, thus taking on the role of the man both in her body language on the course and in her speech. She shouts, "Growth is the only thing that's acceptable!" and later belches, both gestures that in American culture are considered to be masculine. Unfortunately, a woman in power is shown not to exhibit positive character traits. Rather, she has taken on the negativity, insensitivity, and immorality of her typical male counterparts. This scene is more a critique of corporate culture than it is of gender roles, but it remains unique in that depicts a total gender role reversal."

Tags:culture, sexuality, gender

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the seemingly foundational aspects of universal suffrage, based on age, race and gender is often something many people in the United States take for granted as something that if not an innate semblance of the original Constitution, at least one that was worked out as a matter of coarse rather quickly in the history of the nation. The writer notes that this is clearly not the case as all the suffrage amendments to the Constitution were hard fought and hard won by the different groups that helped make them permanent additions to the laws of this land. In this work the 26th amendment is discussed, as the amendment that provided for universal suffrage based on the age of 18 it is often one that is ignored in the history books and among the people of the US.

From the Paper
"This amendment was actually the fourth to the constitution that enlarged the voting pool, as the 15th amendment (1869) gave blacks the right to vote at least in a legal sense, the 19th (1920) gave the vote to women and the 23rd (1960) gave the right for District of Colombian citizens to vote for presidential candidates. It would seem strange that such a change took so long, as it was clear much earlier that legal issues of responsibility, such as the age of consent and other responsibility for actions issues were, on a state and federal level clearly leaning in the direction of 18 as the key age. Yet, prior to this time states independently determined the legal age to vote, as barring a constitutional statement to the contrary this was within the rights of the state."

Tags:suffrage, democratic, nation, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of alcohol and drug abuse and its influence on criminals. It claims that a high percentage of criminals either use or abuse drugs. The paper addresses the need for drug and alcohol treatment in correctional facilities and offers four solutions and their implementation. A schematic representation is included in order to quantify points made.

Table of Contents:
Abstract Problem/Objective Background of Problem Proposed
Alternatives
Decision Criteria Research Matrix Analysis Optimal Coarse of Action Implementation of Plan
Program Evaluation Bibliography Additional Resources

From the Paper
"The optimal coarse of action, according to the matrix analysis would be option 3, (Utilize known effective preventative drug and alcohol abuse programs...). As a long range goal prevention is clearly the best and most cost effective plan of action to combat the incidence of criminal activity in association with drug and alcohol abuse. Treatment is clearly an important factor but early prevention, especially is the most long-term of the solutions offered in this plan. The prevention of individuals from ever becoming drug addicted and therefore entering the penal system is a global answer to the social problem that this poses in our culture and worldwide."

Tags:correctional, facitilty, rehabilitation

Abstract
This paper examines the life of a fictional tale of a country gentleman by the name of Alonso Quixano, who goes mad and decides that he is actually a knight-errant, Don Quixote de la Mancha. It looks at how the events in the book demonstrate the lifestyle of all segments of Spanish society. Quixote is an educated man; Panza a simple peasant; and many of the people they meet along the way live hard and coarse lives. The mule drivers are uncouth and make lewd jokes. The gentry women, such as Quixano's niece, lived lives of refinement, while the life of Panza's wife was one of work from dawn to dark, and Aldonza Lorenzo's one of real danger and hardship. It discusses how the book is a window into Spanish society.

From the Paper
"The author states in the opening of the novel that he intends his book to be a parody of romantic chivalric tales, which were very popular at the time. Central to Quixano's delusion is the idea that he must have a lady whom he honors with his battles. Early in the book he meets Aldonza Lorenzo, a peasant girl of low breeding. In Quixote's delusion, however, she becomes the Lady Dulcinea. He imagines her to be many things she is not: high born, of great virtue, petite and beautiful. Quixote astounds everyone with his reaction to Lorenzo, announcing, "Let everyone in the world halt, unless the entire world acknowledges that nowhere on earth is there a damsel more beautiful than the Empress of La Mancha, she who has no equal, Dulcinea Del Toboso." "

Tags:gentry, workers

Abstract
This paper explains that caulerpa taxifolia, which had been grown as an aquarium strain of caulerpa taxifolia bred for its pleasant appearance, rapid growth and tolerance for cold conditions, now is an accidentally introduced, invasive specie of algae, which has taken over the Mediterranean Sea. The author reports that the dense mono-cultures of the weed are smothering native plant and animal species, drastically reducing biodiversity, and, because of the toxic effects of the weed's caulerpenyne compounds, are making surviving fish, unsuitable for human consumption. The paper relates that some effective methods of eradication of caulerpa taxifolia are (1) covering and sealing by PVC tarpaulins, which were injected with chlorine, (2) applying coarse sea, (3) removing manually or using a sump-pump and (4) bio-control, which is the introduction of yet another non-native species that can combat caulerpa taxifolia.

From the Paper
"Efforts have been made in attempt to eradicate Caulerpa taxifolia at high costs. Six million United States dollars have been spent in Southern California (another location of C. taxifolia invasion) as of 2004 to kill the weed. And in South Australia, yet another place the invasive algae have been introduced, six to eight million Australian dollars have been spent on killer algae extermination. The elimination of Caulerpa taxifolia, while very costly, is necessary."

Tags:biodiversity, ecosystem, invasive, bio-control, toxic

Abstract
The paper highlights the story's theme of Mathilde's inability to value the real worth of items, and points out the constant repetitive contrasts of beauty and ugliness, coarseness and refinement. The paper emphasizes the irony throughout the story that brings out Mathilde's inner ugliness, selfishness and ungratefulness.

From the Paper
"Mathilde's tastes are uneducated--simple--but she is filled with a deep and pervasive of 'wrongness,' a contrast between her inner refinement and what she sees as her outer, coarsened circumstances. The irony is evident in the author's voice, as clearly her view of herself as on the level of the highest lady of the land even though she has 'simple tastes' is a contradiction. This will prove her undoing, as she is unable to tell what is an imitation and what is the real thing. She truly does have 'no class' but not in the sense she realizes. Almost immediately, the story strikes a contrast between how things appear and how things really are. Mathilde believes that she appears like a great lady, although she is the child of artisans. However, she is only really able to create the appearance of beauty, wealth, and culture: she is a false diamond like the jewel she borrows."

Tags:beauty, ugliness, coarseness, refinement, selfishness, worth

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that mixed cultures and mixed ancestries are both a large part of the plot and the theme of 'Monkey Hunting' by Cristina Garcia. The writer maintains that the characters of course bear the literary responsibility as to the impact of cross-cultural and mixed ancestries; but the setting, the ironies and the various narratives by various characters carry the messages that the author delivers with both eloquence and coarseness. The writer discusses that the book deals with many histories and nationalities, bondage and brutality, but the web that Garcia weaves throughout the novel is more about the intertwining of ethnic and ancestral cultures than anything else. The writer concludes that the point of the book is that the world is a smaller and smaller place and cultures are blending in a giant melting pot that has been created on a global scale.

From the Paper
"On many occasions in this book Cristina Garcia brings the reader into the cultural stew that has resulted from Chen Pan's arrival in Cuba and the offspring he is responsible for. Mixed cultures result in clashes in what to eat and how to love. On pages 203-204 for example, readers are treated to the fact that Vietnamese people love to use fish sauce. Anyone who has visited a Vietnamese restaurant knows that you won't find ketchup or mustard on the table, but there will be fish sauce. And here is Chen Pan's great-great grandson, Domingo Chen, of Cuban, African, and Asian extraction, in Saigon in 1970 with Tham Thanh Lan, a Vietnamese woman."

Tags:ethnicity, ancestry, belonging, cultural