Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the choice of single-sex, as opposed to co-ed institutions and points out that academic literature on the topic is sparse, with much of the literature that exists taking on the slant of the institution that sponsored it. The writer summarizes the research that exists in this subject area and looks at the impact on the students that attend these institutions. The writer concludes that literature on parental choice between same sex and co-educational school systems leaves many more questions than answers. In addition, the writer maintains that as market based school systems continue to grow in popularity, marketing style surveys will become more common in the future, as schools attempt to decipher the mystery behind parent decisions on school enrollment.

Outline:
Literature Review
The Impact of Single-Sex Schools
Parental Attitudes
Catholic Schools and School Culture
Parental Choice and School Competition
Conclusions

From the Paper
"These results for parental attitudes contained some surprising results. For instance, it was not expected that the experiences of the parents would play the significant role that they did in the study. This demonstrates that impact of emotional scars on parental educational choice. These results imply that parents that had negative experiences do not wish their children to have the same experience. There were no reasons given in the study for the reasons behind parents who had attended single-sex schools rejecting that choice for their children. This area presents an area that needs to be discovered further. Research needs to be conducted on what experiences and feeling led parents to this decision with their children.
"Further research into the topic of parental dissatisfaction with their educational experience in a single-sex setting could provide valuable clues as to the long-term emotional impact of single-sex education and of co-educational experiences. This represents an area that has not been studied extensively thus far."

Tags:child, achievement, stereotypes, reputation

Abstract
This paper is in the form of a report to the Ministry of Education in Canada, describing the positive aspects of k-8 co-ed sports. Various reasons for this outlook are presented, which include the narrow performance gap between K-8 boys and girls and the necessity for boys and girls to socialize in structured ways. The conclusion is that K-8 co-ed sports are unlikely to be physically or emotionally bruising to either sex and, in fact, are likely to serve positive developmental purposes.

From the Paper
"This report surveys recreational and sociological data on the topic of K-8 sports, and argues in favor of a co-ed approach. One reason from each domain favoring co-ed participation will be given; the narrow performance gap between K-8 boys and girls (physiology); and the necessity for boys and girls to socialize in structured ways (sociology). The conclusion is that K-8 co-ed sports are unlikely to be physically or emotionally bruising to either sex and, in fact, are likely to serve positive developmental purposes. The Ontario..."

Tags:co, ed, phys ed, sports

Abstract
This paper serves as a proposal for the study of research findings on questions relating to the overall quality of public schools and private schools in America. The author has devised a research study,which is to include the collection of data from a broad spectrum of relevant sources, such as current students of public and private schools, parents and guardians of students in public and private schools, teachers and administrators from public and private schools, graduates and alumni from public and private schools, and finally the general public. The questions the research study is to focus on are: (1) Which type of school is perceived as providing the highest quality education to students? (2) Which type of school is perceived as being the best value? (3) How should public and private schools co-exist and function within our society? and (4) Which subsets of the population (current students, former students, parents of students, school staff, and others) hold which opinions? This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter summarizes the purpose of the research study and defines public and private education. The second chapter is a literature review, detailing previous research and then suggesting that this body of work is insufficient to fully address the question of public vs. private education. The third chapter presents the methodology of the author's study, including how the population sample is to be chosen, what questions are to be asked of that sample population, and how the results of this survey are to be calculated.

Outline:
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Assumptions and Delimitations
Definitions
Summary
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Design
Site Setting
Population
Sample
Measurement Methods
Procedure
Ethical Considerations
Summary
List of Appendices

From the Paper
"As this first chapter has demonstrated, there is a great deal of research that must be conducted in the area of school and education. The current educational system is divided into two major subsections: private schools and public schools. Public schools are funded by taxes and regulated by the government, while private schools are independently run and funded, with different laws and regulations for each of them in every school district and state. However, it is obvious that both of these types of schools are still experiencing difficulties and have not become ideal institutions as of yet. There are many social factors which are affecting and being affected by the state of the schools, and it is important for the future of youth and society as a whole that the educational system be properly evaluated so that improvements can be made. Public schools and private schools both demonstrate some positive traits as well as some negative. In order to get a complete image of the current state of public and private schools, the opinions, experiences, and suggestions of all related populations must be taken into consideration; current students of public and private schools, former students of public and private schools, parents of students of public and private schools, staff of public and private schools, and people who do not attend, work at, or have children in school all must have input into a complete survey of the school situation."

Tags:school, education, public, private, classroom, students, parent, teacher, districts, principal, research

Abstract
A paper on the topic of co-teaching which describes what co-teaching is. The paper shows how co-teaching is a great help to all students--both regular education students and special education student. It also aids the teaching professionals involved well.

Abstract
This paper analyzes the statement that culture is a catalyst for gender discrimination and that social reproduction also perpetuates gender discrimination, while others argue that culture is not a factor in gender discrimination, but rather it is socioeconomic factors that are the variables contributing to achievement.

From the Paper
"Women throughout history have had "less-than-equal occupational and social status than young men" as they do in classrooms. Consequently, females who tried to benefit from a male dominated society had to "acclimate to that culture if they [were] to profit from it." Discrimination is apparent between schooling and expectations for females. Females acquire less feedback from teachers, and teachers' criteria have lower standards for females to succeed. Streitmatter goes on to prove that females perform at higher levels in same gender classes. They excel more in math, physics and calculus than females in co-ed classes because teachers' expectations are not lowered: students gain the feedback and attention needed, and same sex classes provide a safe environment for females to learn.
Co-educational classes defeat what initially they were meant to rectify; that gender would not limit the access to equal education. Calculus, math, and physics classes have been male dominated."

Tags:students, teachers, patterns, learning, male, female, education, gender

Abstract
The following paper is a literature review which is organized as simply as possible along an organized framework. First is a brief introduction to the present state of debate over educational leadership and its effects on the criteria and methodology used in source selection. The second section deals extensively with an analysis of literature dealing with the philosophy of education. The third section deals directly with the present socio-political state of the crises and the way in which theories of leadership shape the fabric of politics and society. The fourth section deals with the theories of reform which compete for the attention of the leader, and attempts to establish the most useful and important steps which may be taken. It is in this section that the concept of co-regulatory leadership is introduced and found to be superior to all others on not only a philosophical, political, and sociological standpoint, but also in terms of positive results for the school's academic success and the maintenance of a positive environment. An understanding of the different styles of leadership, the current sociopolitical conflict over schools, and the history of philosophical views on educational leadership is important because they have influenced a current proposal for effective schools.

From the Paper
"Leadership is undoubtedly the single most important aspect in creating a school environment for success. The quality of leadership in schools has become increasingly important in school reform to improve academic achievement of the students enrolled in school. The school leader (generally the principle) is inevitably held accountable for raising test scores, ensuring quality teacher, and making certain that all children achieve high academic standards. Demands will constantly be made upon his/her person that he/she find a way to "fix" the problems with the system (such as those mentioned in Chapter 1), and unfortunately, just as often as not the more he/she tries to fix the problem, the worse it becomes, or the more other problems crop up to take its place. Certainly some would suggest that leadership is one of those rare disciplines which is best served when it is least practiced, that is to say, the best leaders are those which do not lead too much, but rather create an environment in which the "led" may actually learn to find their own way. (Allen, 1992; Beare, 2001; Gatto, 1992; Freire, 2000; Oyler, 1996) Students which are given the freedom to control their own destinies, guide their own education, and create their own environment, schedule, and society have proven time and again to be better adjusted and more learned than their over-dominated peers in leadership-intensive schools. (Freiberg & Rogers, 1994; Taylor, 1993.) It is in hopes of promoting an understanding of this approach, and facilitating leadership (or one might say replacing it) through power-sharing and democratic procedures, that the following literature review focuses so extensively on the philosophical/moral and the actual practicality of a co-regulatory approach."

Tags:plato, lo, shan, socrates, aristotle, hobbes, moral, rousseau, Nietzsche, mathews, child

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that achieving universal education is one of the UN's 8 Millennium Development Goals agreed to in 2000 by all the world's countries and the world's leading development institutions. The writer points out that although some progress has been made in increasing the level of education in most countries, a number of third world countries have fallen behind in their effort and are unlikely to achieve the goal by the target date of 2015. The writer outlines the benefits of education and discusses the co-relation between illiteracy and poverty. The writer then reviews the status of education in the third world countries. Finally, the writer enumerates the reasons for high levels of illiteracy in these countries and looks at how they can be overcome.

Outline:
Benefits of Education
Responsibility of Governments in Education and its Social Benefits
Individual/ Private Benefits
Co-relation between Poverty and Literacy
The State of Education in Third World Countries
Reasons for the Continuing Low Education Levels
Overcoming the Barriers
References

From the Paper
"There is a strong correlation between poverty and illiteracy. Wherever literacy rates are lower, poverty rates are invariably higher and vice-versa. The relationship between the two is a vicious circle as poor countries do not have sufficient resources to invest in education; most of the people who survive on incomes of less than 2 dollars a day cannot afford to send their children to school. On the other hand, a low literacy rate is a major barrier against personal improvement and prevents the poorest people to lift themselves out of the poverty trap.
"For example, in third world countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mozambique and Nepal, 78% or more of the population lives on incomes below US$2 per day, adult literacy rates are below 63%, and the number of adult illiterates exceeds 5 million in each country."

Tags:poverty, illiterate, development, educated

Abstract
This paper looks at the influence of Theodore Sizer on progressive education. He is the founder of the coalition of essential schools, a national network of innovative schools. Its central idea is that education works best when it does not impose a curricular framework foreign to the child, teaches for deeper understanding rather than shallow coverage, engages the child as co-worker and co-discoverer, and emphasizes projects and process rather than lectures and textbooks. Sizer is the most powerful advocate for this school of thought.

Abstract
Education has always been regarded as an avenue to better paying jobs. The relationship between education and unemployment is a complicated one, however, with many socio-economic factors co-mingling. Education does have a bearing on employment but so does socialization, which steers poorer children into low-status jobs, a gender gap which sees highly educated women earning less than their male counterparts and a high rate of unemployment. Statistics are provided to prove certain points and the gender relationship important to this topic.

Abstract
The paper discusses Ford's current ethical risk environment, the change in business climate, SUV safety, the Firestone tire issue, employee rights and practices and driver education. It then goes on to structure and implement a revised corporate ethics program, define what it hopes to achieve and how it will measure success. It concludes with a discussion entitled "Learning From Our Mistakes: Correcting Past Failures".

Table Of Contents
Introduction
Our Ethical Risk Environment
A Change of Climate
Human Rights
Firestone
SUV Safety
Driver Education
Our Corporate Ethics Program
Structure
Implementation
What We Hope To Achieve
How We'll Measure Our Success
Learning From Our Mistakes: Correcting Past Failures
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Through our partnership with Firestone we learned many lessons. Together, we gained valuable insight into the importance of ensuring the quality of the products we make. Important as these evolving notions of corporate citizenship are, they build on what we consider to be the most basic element of citizenship: assuring the safety of those who trust us enough to drive our cars and trucks. Our customers have the same basic understanding: they always have expected us to make safe products and to take action when we discover a safety defect. We've learned that we must seek out new ways to review our suppliers' design and manufacturing processes. In the future, we plan to take a more active role in obtaining and analyzing data maintained by our suppliers concerning the performance of components used in our vehicles."

Tags:greenhouse, gas, emissions, Jacques, Nasser