Abstract
The paper explains how mind mapping is proposed to particularly benefit students. It is a technique to help clear their minds of clutter. The paper illustrates how this will help a student focus his/her attention in class during a lecture as well as increase concentration when reading. The paper discusses how to use mind maps. Firstly, one puts down or records as much pertinent information as possible. One encircles the main question on unlined paper and branches out related ideas from the center. One then connects any related ideas and promptly writes down and/or draws ideas as they occur. The paper concludes that using a mind map, like following a virtual map when traveling to an unknown destination, helps insure the traveler arrives at his/her anticipated destination.

Outline:
Introduction
Quantity, not Quality
Creating a Mind Map
Mind Map of Mind Mapping
Picture This
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Mind mapping was originally ". . . developed by Tony Buzan of the United Kingdom, mind mapping is also a software product of The Bosley Group, entitled MindMapper. The mind mapping process is as follows: (1) The topic being focused upon is represented by a central image or graphic. (2) The main themes of the topic radiate out from the central image as primary branches. (3) In a tree-like structure, the minor themes of each main theme radiate out further from the primary branches. (4) All branches are interconnected to form a series of links." (Leonard, 2002, p. 128) Mind mapping can also be completed using "The Inspiration," another computer software, that serves as a ". . . generic tool that can be adapted to different knowledge domain and can be used on its own or combined with other strategies." (Pillay & Elliott, 2002)"

Tags:brain, memory, learning, concentration

Abstract
The paper first focuses on the visual appeal of the website www.aboardcertifiedplasticsurgeon.com and contends that it is attractive, with a good color scheme, no clutter and a professional feel. The paper examines the usability of the site and shows how it is easy to navigate with many floating frames and a handy collapsible topics list. Next, the paper looks at the content and notes that there is no unnecessary multimedia content and there is plain language with a minimum of jargon. The paper points out the main drawback that is the fact that none of the news articles are primary source research reports. The paper concludes, however, that the website remains a good resource for curious clients.

From the Paper
"Cosmetic surgery is all about image, appearance, and physical beauty. However, cosmetic surgery is also one of the medical professions and requires a license to practice. Resources for finding cosmetic surgeons must therefore be thorough and reliable. The A Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Resource Web site www.aboardcertifiedplasticsurgeon.com focuses on matching cosmetic plastic surgery clients with credentialed doctors. Cosmetic surgery is a type of plastic surgery that refers mainly to reconstructive work for enhancing appearance. Plastic surgery refers to any reconstructive work including those necessary for physical survival, such as the work needed after burn injuries and other traumas. In spite of the name of the organization, A Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Resource concentrates on cosmetic rather than on broad plastic surgery. The Web site for the company is aesthetically pleasing, which is important for clients seeking information on how to change their own physical appearance. In spite of its being a commercial Web site that draws revenue from advertising dollars, www.aboardcertifiedplasticsurgeon.com can be a helpful resource for cosmetic surgery clients."

Tags:usability, navigation, attractiveness, appeal, content

Abstract
This paper explains that hoarding is characterized by a need to acquire and maintain a wide variety of possessions, which eventually clutter and fill living areas until they can no longer be used for the purpose for they were designed, creating a safety and health problem. The author points out that the psychiatric symptoms of hoarders included repetitive behaviors, hyperphagia, and pilfering. The paper relates that part of the difficulty in treatment of both elderly and dementia patients is the patients' attachment to their belongings; often this attachment is extremely emotional and even unreasonable.

From the Paper
"The first study indicates hoarding behavior is relatively common in dementia patients. All the patients had been diagnosed with varying forms of dementia, and had been hospitalized for their illness. The 133 patients in the study were divided between those who hoarded and those who did not hoard. Twenty-two point six percent of the patients hoarded items, and the items varied from daily necessities to food, newspapers, and even cigarette butts. These items were stored in a variety of places around their homes, in boxes, in closets, or even carried with the patients."

Tags:possessions, excess, symptoms, safety, attachment

Abstract
The writer details the main points from the article by Turcotte. The paper explains that product placement is when a product is used by actors in films or in television shows. The paper discusses the benefits of product placement in movies and in television programs, as seen in the article. The writer concludes that Turcotte's article is excellent, but that because of the rapid changes in how movies are being distributed in the past few years, Turcotte may have to review his findings in light of the mass distribution of DVDs within six months of a movie's original release.

Table of Contents:
Implied Endorsements
Far Reach (Long Life & Global)
Low Cost
Low Clutter
High Profile
Optimum Viewing Environment
A Captive Audience

From the Paper
"One of the most important benefits a corporation can gain is by having a star imply endorsement of their product by using it in a film. Most specifically, big name stars almost never appear in U.S. television advertisements but if they are seen using a company's product in a "reality like" situation in a film, Turcotte notes that it has been shown that the audience is more likely to believe that this action might imply the star's endorsement of the product than if the star were to do a paid advertisement."

Tags:endorsement, cost, captive, audience

Abstract
This paper examines how, although the development of wind energy is increasing at about 40% annually with supporting legislation in several major countries, there are two main questions to be answered---cost and the amount of land needed. The author points out that almost every region of the U.S. has some areas of good wind energy and states, lying on the Great Plains from Texas to North Dakota, have a huge wind electricity-generating potential, which far exceeds its current electricity consumption. The paper points out that environmentalists have found that wind energy can create problems of noise, land erosion, visual clutter and the killing of birds who fly into the rotating blades.

From the Paper
"One needs to look into the future for the real impact that wind energy can make in the U.S. There are models already in place which give some indication, up to the year 2006, what might develop in these next years. It would add some 10,000 MW of new wind energy generating capacity. There would be a regular schedule for installation, which was begun in 1997 with 100KW of additional availability, and culminating by the year 2006 in the addition of 2000 MW annually. There is a reason for accelerating installation year by year. First, while it will take time to organize installation activity, they cannot be negotiated and erected overnight. It will also require a stepped-up production, whether in the U.S. or overseas (Denmark, as was mentioned earlier, is not the major manufacturer and distributor of wind-energy turbines.)."

Tags:wind-farm, problems, growth, cost-effective, renewable

Abstract
This paper explains that the Internet is analogous to a very large library where all the books are scattered on the floor because it contains so much information, but there is no organizational system for sorting through the information. XML aims to take on the electronic clutter and organize it in a way that everyone can use. The author points out that XML was designed to be easy to implement and to work with both SGML and HTML. The paper relates that XML is much more accommodating and cost-effective than EDI, since only sites that have been specifically set up to exchange information can conduct EDI transactions; therefore, XML would permit exchanging data regardless of the computing systems or accounting applications being used.

From the Paper
"It is for this reason that XML has sometimes been called "the poor man's EDI" or "EDI for everyone," XML brings organization to the common man's electronic world, while EDI has structured corporate commerce since the dawn of the information age. EDI's foundations can be traced back to 1948 "during the Berlin airlift when Ed Guilbert of the Department of Defense spearheaded the Transportation Data Coordinating Committee." This group needed to get various modes of transportation to share data like schedules and coordinate with each other to effectively deliver supplies. The establishment of this group eventually led to the formation of the X12 committee, which was accredited by the American National Standards institute in 1979."

Tags:commerce, sgml, cost-efffective, easy, exchange

Abstract
This paper explains that the pieces in Miles Davis' jazz CD "Kind of Blue" are loosely composed, consisting of improvisation within a musical framework, which produces a feeling of freedom without the clutter of a larger ensemble. The author points out that, when the listener focuses on just hearing the music, he or she can discover the structure behind the melodies and appreciate each instrument and its player individually. The paper relates that the favorite piece on the CD is "Blue in Green", which is the most melodic piece in the collection; Bill Evans creates a lush and romantic mood and his playing invites the listener to put down whatever he is doing and just listen.

From the Paper
"Bill Evans's piano solos gave a languid feeling with an unhurried, soft touch that was romantic and contemplative. Between the two saxophonists, I preferred the work of John Coltrane, who has a dusky sound that broadens as it gains volume. Cannonball Adderly's alto sax brought the energy level up and made me feel like getting up off the couch and moving around. I was struck by the contrast of these two players and, although alto and tenor saxes play in different registers, the difference in their sound is attributable to more than this. It is a matter of individual style and each musician's approach. This switch in mood makes the CD more interesting and eliminated any possibility of monotony or of boredom on the part of the listener."

Tags:evan, trumpet, improvisation, coltrane, sax

Abstract
This paper explains that the strengths of the U.S. defense budgeting process are that it has many avenues for access and accountability by interested parties, ensuring that the overall military effort is essentially transparent and responsible to society. The author points out that the process allows for much waste and influence, which adds cost rather than value; thereby, the process fails to promote efficiency. The paper relates that the system is not likely to be changed radically soon because the entrenched interests can continue to win favored positions and reforming the system takes great momentum and uncommon nerve. Sources listed are in the form of endnotes.

Table of Contents:
Budgeting Concepts
Budgeting Participants
Budgeting Process
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the main ways that government decides on what to spend each year is through baseline budgeting. It takes what was spent in the previous year as the jumping off point and begins its deliberations on what to spend in the upcoming years based upon that. By using this method, the government can operate according to expectations that have some recent history to support claims that more money is needed or less can be done with. It looks at how things went in the past year and decides where to beef up spending and where to cut."

Tags:accountability, frugality, baseline, priorities, appropriations

Abstract
This paper discusses how the initial experiment to 'Westernize' the African country of Somalia was successful, as Britain and Italy did not change the pastoral, clan system of social and political order. It examines how the Cold War introduced both democracy and socialism to Somalia and how the Somali experiment in post-Cold War government was cluttered with millions of dollars of aid from outside sources. It looks at how when the sources of aid disappeared with the end of the Cold War, Somalia was left with a dictator without bargaining power and a clan system strong enough to overthrow him. It evaluates how with the overthrow of the Somali dictatorship and no central government, years of famine and no means to support the infrastructure of the company, Somalia fell into civil war.

From the Paper
"Throughout the 1980's Barre declared war on the all clans in Northeast Somalia, specifically the Isaaq clan. After Barre lost the Ogaden War he knew popular opinion saw him as a weak leader. In order maintain power he turned his back on his socialist experiment and turned into a ruthless dictator. People were maimed, killed, tortured and many fled to Ethiopia. U.S. foreign policy under the Reagan administration was to preserve peace. Most of the emphasis on African foreign policy was in South Africa and fighting Apartheid. According to U.S. foreign policy makers, Somalia's best hope for peace under a centralized government was under the leadership of Barre."

Tags:africa, mogadishu, shermaake, somaliland, third, usmaan, world

Abstract
Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria" and Reni's "The Immaculate Conception" are two very different representations of the Virgin Mary. The paper explains that by utilizing more classical composition techniques, smooth, curving lines and rich, strong colors, Reni portrays Mary as an idealized version of Baroque femininity in a heavenly setting. It shows, in contrast, how Gauguin adheres to the primitive tradition, illustrating Mary as a native woman, a naked Christ child set on her shoulders. His use of asymmetrical composition in a cluttered, unplanned scene provides a feeling of energy and naturalism, a striking contrast to the serenity of Reni's work. The paper shows therefore that in illustrating the Virgin Mary in their works, each painter adheres to the very different sensibilities of their time periods.

From the Paper
"Paul Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria," translated as "Hail Mary," treats a similar subject matter, in that it illustrates the Virgin Mary with adoring attendants. However, this is not the Mary of the Immaculate Conception, but with Christ who is perched upon her shoulders. Painted in the post-impressionist genre known as Arcadia, which exemplifies scenes of blissful simplicity and retreat from the complex, this work was completed in 1891 and hangs in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. It is not a large work, only 44 inches by about 36 inches. In keeping with its primitive tradition, and in stark contrast to "The Immaculate Conception," the composition is highly asymmetrical, with the central Mary figure set off to the right of the picture. The poses are unstudied, casual and almost accidental, with Mary and the Christ child looking at the viewer, and the two prayerful, adoring native women gazing at them. This casual approach may be an attempt of Gauguin to emphasize the "naturalness" of the scene, despite the obviously supernatural halos."

Tags:Arcadia, Metropolitan, Museum, Orana, Maria