Abstract This paper discusses the Iraq conflict with regard to the issues surrounding cluster bombs and the humanitarian threat their legality poses. The paper explains that cluster bombs are not always discriminating in their targets, and once fallen, bomblets can remain inactive for some time before exploding. The paper contends that cluster bombs pose an unacceptable risk to civilians, especially children and discusses the lack of global legislation forbidding cluster bomb use. The paper looks at some nations' actions in improving the reliability of cluster munitions, but claims that this does not help when countries use old stockpiles. The paper strongly asserts that it is time for the cluster bomb to be made illegal on the international stage.
Outline:
Introduction
Cluster Bombs: The Facts At A Glance
Cluster Bombs: Position By Country
Are Cluster Bombs Illegal?
Why Cluster Bombs Should Be Made Illegal
Conclusion
From the Paper "The cluster bomb and its legitimacy as a weapon of war has recently come under fire, hot on the tails of use during recent conflicts in Iraq, Kosovo and Afghanistan. Concerns over the power of the weapon have primarily been humanitarian, as cluster bombs - shells which release submunitions, or bomblets, from either air or land, with the intention of killing "soft" targets such as enemy soldiers - are unreliable, shedding highly explosive and volatile submunitions over a wide area, often failing to explode on immediate impact. As the target area related to the cluster bomb is wide, and as apparently faulty cluster bombs may be later activated by accidental interference, the threat to civilians lives from delayed detonation is high. Recent media attention on cluster bombs has focused on the loss of civilian life in Iraq, one of the most prominent armed conflicts of recent times."
Abstract This paper explains that computer clustering involves the use of multiple computers, typically personal computers (PCs) or UNIX workstations, multiple storage devices, and redundant interconnections, to form what appears to users as a single integrated system. This paper points out that, despite some challenges, such as achieving transparency, mitigating network latency, and the split-brain problem, clustering has proven to be a huge success for bringing scale and availability to computing applications. The paper relates that, just as clustering has reduced the importance of supercomputers for parallel processing, clusters are making the mainframe less relevant for batch applications.
From the Paper "Parallel processing is the processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors with the objective of running a program in less time. Parallel processing is normally applied for rendering and high computational based applications. Rather than using expensive specialized supercomputers for parallel processing, implementers have begun using a large cluster of small, commodity servers. Each server runs its own operating system, to take a number of jobs, process them, and send the output to the primary system. Clusters provide the ability to handle a large task in small bits, or lots and lots of small tasks across an entire cluster, making an entire system more affordable and more scalable."
Abstract This paper provides rhetorical and cluster criticism of Colin Powell's keynote speech at the 1996 Republican convention. It discusses the central concept and themes of the speech. It explores how cluster criticism assists in understanding the speech and world view of the speaker. The author mentions key strategies in the process of cluster criticism.
Abstract This paper examines open star clusters. Open star clusters offer insight into the distances to galaxies and the age of the universe. The most recent research suggests the universe is 13.7 billion years old.
Abstract This paper is an examination of the mechanisms of colon tumorigenesis involving the mutation cluster region of the APC gene. There is an explanation of colon carcinogenesis including an analysis of the Wnt signaling pathway, the roles of the APC gene's different domains, "Knudon's two- hit hypothesis and the "just right" level of signaling theory. The paper also includes a critical discussion about the scientific arguments and research evidence that exists to challenge current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of colon tumorigenesis. One illustration is included which depicts the varying domains of the APC gene.
From the Paper "Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death in the western world. Nearly 34,900 people are diagnosed with it in the U.K each year and about 16,000 of these die. About 15% of colorectal cancers are hereditary. Hereditary conditions are divided into two categories: the polyposis and the non polyposis types. Two hereditary conditions that have been identified are Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (FAP) and Hereditary Non Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC). The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is known to be mutated in all cases of FAP but this condition only accounts for less than 1% of colorectal cancer cases. The condition HNPCC results when mutation occurs in the DNA mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH-1 leading to microsatellite instability and defective DNA repair. Non inherited mutations of the APC gene have been detected in over 85% of the remaining sporadic colorectal cancers. "
Abstract This study examines the use of advanced techniques of data clustering in algorithms that employ abstract categories for the pattern matching and pattern recognition procedures used in data mining searches of web documents. The paper discusses the significance and purpose of the study. The author gives exact methodology, organization and statistical results of the study. It also evaluates implementation of data clustering for web based searches and its feasibility.
Table of Contents
Background of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Definitions
Overview of the Methodology
Organization of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Background and a Review of Literature
Alternative Solutions
Feasibility Tests
Evaluation and Implementation
References
From the Paper "Documents are commonly represented as vector space models. In this model, each document is represented by a point in the space that roughly corresponds with the union of the primary words in the document. The process includes filtering out common words (such as pronouns and conjunctions), ignoring words that are unique to the document, and words are stemmed in order to reduce them to canonical form. Once this is done , the document can be expressed in the form of vectors, and then those vectors can be used to plot a pint in virtual space that represents that specific document. The words of the document are also weighted; without this provision, the more commonly a word appears in a document, the more important it is considered (which is often not really the case). Conversely, words that appear infrequently in a document are considered discriminatory- they serve as a distinguishing feature for the document in question.[10]"
Abstract This paper discusses an intrusion detection algorithm for analyzing university web server log files. It also discusses integrating hierarchical clustering with other algorithms for an intrusion detection system. The paper proposes to use hierarchical clustering as the main back bone of the intrusion detection system and then incorporating other algorithms like statistics and support vector machines (SVM) as needed.
From the Paper "The initial plan was to use the user signatures method by Seth Freeman or the Traffic Classification technique but the first method seems more suited to an OS than for web server log files and the second seems a lot more complicated and also requires a destination IP, which is not readily available from our log files. I started out by writing a statistics based algorithm but then added hierarchical clustering based on instructor feedback. Eventually I settled on this paper based on hierarchical clustering with other methods as backup although I still like the statistics approach."
This paper is a research proposal to study quantitatively the relationship between computer technology in the home of high school students and their resulting achievements in school grades and test scores.
Abstract This paper explains that the research will consist of a survey in which the student will be asked questions such as the hours the students sleeps each night and how much time in terms of hours per day is spent by the student at the computer. The author points out that cluster analysis is an interpretive quantitative process seeking relationships within the data set. The paper relates that the literature review indicated that teachers in many counties are beginning to use instructional computer technology (ICT) to help change classroom teaching and learning and are integrating technology into the curriculum. The questionnaire and an example of the data sheet are included.
Table of Contents
Objective
Background to the Study
Methodology
Expected Outcome
Limitations
Literature Review
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Lives of today's high school students are very much different from that of high school students a mere decade ago. The present age is referred to as the "Technological Age" because of the many new technologies such as computers, networks, hand-held computing devices as well as the Internet which permeate life in the millennium. Computer technology has expanded and daily a new creation or discovery replaces last weeks hot new item on the technological market. The use of computer technology is at an all-time high among high school students who are playing video games, chatting on instant messages, surfing the Web, emailing one another, watching DVD movies, listening to music CD's and the list goes on. The availability of computer technology in the home is becoming an accepted norm and those in high school are spending more time working with and are more familiar with up-to-date computer technology than any generation before."
Abstract This paper explains that prostate cancer is the most frequent non-dermatological cancer in men in the United States and it is second to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in men. The author points out that, as with other cancers such as breast and colon cancer, which have a familial clustering pattern; prostate cancer cases are believed to be due to a high risk of inherited genetic factors or perhaps even a susceptibility gene. The paper relates that increasing incidence of prostate cancer may be due to better detection, greater awareness on the part of the public of the condition and perhaps even a greater life expectancy with a decrease in the number of competing causes of death rather than a true increase in the prevalence of prostate cancer on the whole.
From the Paper "It is interesting to note that maternal cancers also seem to have an affect on the risk of prostate cancers. It is felt that risk of prostate cancer is higher in men with a family history of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer in a primary relative. This was only reported out in two studies, however, and other studies failed to find any association between family history of female breast cancer and greater risk of prostate cancer. This perhaps may be explained by the questionable increase in prostate cancer in men with BRCA 1 / 2 mutations in the setting of a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. "
Abstract This paper is a research project, which uses anomaly intrusion detection to determine if there are any abnormal patterns and, hence, intrusions in the provided log files. The author stresses that a statistics approach seems to be the easiest and most straightforward approach. The paper relates that a common practice in IDS software is to incorporate different techniques to detect intrusion so that other methods such as hierarchical clustering can still be included in the system to search for suspicious/ known data patterns such as viruses. The paper includes charts, graphs and a screen-shot.
From the Paper "Since we are not building a new system, we will try to implement and base the report on existing work. Viewing sequence algorithms for intrusion detection helps to determine which patterns look like patterns of intrusion. The statistics technique is discussed but will not be programmed at this current time. We will also attempt to show manually how this algorithm will detect the patterns using previous research as it correlates to this specific data using logs provided and some data mining algorithm."
Abstract This paper examines the language acquisition of two children, A and G, who are each two years old. The paper places particular emphasis on their strategies for simplifying word-initial s+ consonant clusters. The paper also discusses noted deviations from adult forms, suggesting possible explanations to account for those deviations.
Outline:
Introduction
Evaluation of Data
Conclusion
From the Paper "Language acquisition is a complex and gradual process for children. The process works on two levels. Part of it is innate, and part is learned. As they advance developmentally, children absorb what they hear in their interactions with others, especially in their home environments. Phonological development is a gradual process during which speech patterns are first reproduced, and then eventually acquired. It is normal for mistakes, or phonological deviations, to be made during this process. Since young children are still developing their sound systems, their speech can at times be difficult to understand. Anyone who has tried to communicate with small children will have experienced this at some point. This is particularly true in very young children, specifically those under the age of five, since they have not yet mastered the ability to organize sound systems in the same way that adults do."
Abstract The paper explains that there are three clusters of disorders. This includes the paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders, the antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders and finally, the avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. The paper discusses these three clusters as they apply to selected fictional characters. The paper provides a narrative description of the personality disorders and offers case examples of the three kinds of relationships among the dissociative identity disorder sub-personalities. The paper explores a case study of a school boy, Timmy and concludes that an isolated and single instance of "acting out" certainly does not meet the criteria for conduct disorder.
Outline:
Narrative Description of Three Categories of Personality Disorders.
Case Examples of the Three Kinds of Relationships among the Dissociative Identity Disorder Sub-personalities
Case Study of "Timmy"
From the Paper "People suffering from paranoid personality disorders can be angry, combative and unforgiving at the affective level when considering people who may have done them harm in the past (Carr, 2001). From a behavioural and interpersonal perspective, people with this type of personality disorder continually worry about the loyalty of their close friends, partners or spouses; furthermore, Carr points out that they may lack the ability to confide in others because of the potential of their confidences being used against them."
Abstract The writer notes that the objective of the laboratory describe in the paper is to observe mobile cells and their characteristics. Three distinct samples are viewed: plant cells from an Elodea leaf, a eukaryotic animal cell called Tetrahymena pyriformis, and myofibrils from a rabbit muscle. The writer points out that when movement is detected in the plant and animal cells, it can lead to calculations of speed. Both intracellular and inter-cellular movement is exemplified in the samples. The writer notes that cells are not only observed under natural conditions, but also after biochemical alterations. The effects of these biochemical changes are also noted. The addition of methyl cellulose enables more accurate observation of the animal cells, since it reduces their speed. The writer concludes that when the ATP was added, the decrease in size proved that the myofibrils are responsible for the muscular function and that the muscle is dependant on the myofibrils successfully working together. However, each cluster of myofibrils appeared to be structurally independent, meaning it was not connected to any other cluster.
Outline:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Discussion
References
From the Paper "The Tetrahymena cells were all similar in size, and were either circular or elliptical in shape. Their nuclei and cytoplasms were clearly seen, but any other organelles were difficult to distinguish. Whether they moved horizontally, vertically or diagonally, linear motion was consistent in all the cells. It also seemed like they each one followed a unique path across the field of view. After adding methyl cellulose to these cells, their movement became significantly slower, and deceleration continued until the cells stopped moving altogether. However, their movement also became random, sporadic and generally unpredictable, since they did not seem to be following any particular path. As well, some cells began moving in a circular motion, as if around an axis, and many cells began to gather in large groups once they stopped moving."
Abstract This paper uses ideological criticism to attempt to discover the true ideology behind the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS). In order to fully understand the ideology of this religious sect, it dissects it through Neo-Aristotelian and cluster criticism methods which allow the paper to separate specific elements of the speeches and display the full effect that rhetoric has in the FLDS belief system.
Outline
Nature of the Ideology
Research Question
Method
Ideological Criticism
Neo-Aristotelian Criticism
Cluster Criticism
Ideology of the FLDS
Three Artifacts: A Look Behind the Real Ideology
Contribution to Rhetorical Theory
From the Paper "Through this close analysis of speeches made by Warren Jeffs it is obvious that the FLDS seem to have, in their minds at least, a hegemonic ideology. They believe that they are the chosen ones on earth and that anyone who disagrees with what the Prophet says is deemed unworthy, ultimately placing themselves above every other non-FLDS member person in the world. They abide closely to the Prophet's word and are brought up from a young age embedded with the belief that the Prophet really is a human representation of God on earth. Jeffs uses an intense level of ethos in the beginning of each of his lectures and sermons. By cutting the FLDS members off from the radio, most television stations, and other outside influences, the Prophet is able to mold the minds of these young members from an early age."
Abstract This paper proposes a study of some of the most significant long-term and short-term effects of air-pollution that were produced as a direct result of the Gulf War. According to the paper, this pollution was caused by the burning of Kuwaiti oil fields. The paper explains the ways in which warfare is involved in environmental destruction including an analysis of air pollution during the war and the effect of air pollution of those people who were most directly exposed to it, including American soldiers and personnel who have been diagnosed with what is now generally referred to as Gulf War Syndrome.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Scope and Background of Problem
3. Proposed Project
4. Analysis and Results
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
From the paper:
"This proposal looks at three specific consequences of air pollution during the Gulf War, or rather at three sets of phenomena that are considered by many people to be consequences of air pollution during the war: The cluster of symptoms experienced by American soldiers and personnel called Gulf War Syndrome; any civilians in the war zone that are also suffering from similar syndromes; and the any similar effect on other mammals (i.e. wildlife) that were also exposed to the air pollution during the war."
Tags: Middle, East, oil, environment, health, war, pollution
