Abstract
This research proposal suggests the conduction of a quantitative research study through cluster sampling, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area of the state of Texas, specifically related to testing correlation between the factors of the adult abuser of cocaine and violent crimes in the area. The literature review in this work provides an overview of the drug trade environment in the Dallas-Fort Worth area as well as statistical data for factors in the cocaine drug business and the lives of those who abuse cocaine in that area. Recommendations of this study are that more research should be conducted relating to the links between violent crimes and adult cocaine abuse in Dallas-Fort-Worth Texas.

Outline:
Abstract
Objective
I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Significance of the Study
Study Variables
Definition of Terms
Assumptions and Limitations
II. Literature Review
Precise Pharmacology of Cocaine as Related to Violence
Review of the Literature of this Study
Summary of Literature
III. Methodology
Population and Sampling
Gathering of Data
Instruments to be Used in the Gathering of Data
Data Analysis
Statement of Consent of Permission
Recommendations
Appendixes
Bibliography

From the Paper
"AADAC reports in Developments Vol. 18 Issue 9 Cocaine that: "Over the last 10 years, AADAC has seen a gradual, steady rise in the proportion of clients who name cocaine as their primary drug of concern. In 1997-98, over 3,600 AADAC clients (11.1%) said cocaine was the drug they used most frequently during the previous year." (Developments, 1999) The AADAC reports that: "Cocaine is a fast-acting drug with effects of short duration. It has a half-time for elimination of about one hour (the body has lost half of it an hour after administration). While most drugs are broken down by the liver, cocaine is broken down in the blood. Breakdown by the liver happens gradually: only about 15% of the blood passes through the liver each time the heart beats, thus the remainder of the blood still carries the unmetabolized drug. In contrast, breakdown in the blood happens constantly. This means that cocaine is quickly converted to an inactive form." (Developments, 1999)"

Tags:fund, addiction, intravenous, gang, violence, narcotics, smuggling

From the Paper
"This research examines an application of the statistical procedure of population sampling. The initial part of the examination describes sampling procedures, and illustrates the use of the procedures in an application. Following the description and illustration, the accuracy and appropriateness of the application is discussed.

Description of the Procedure, and An Illustration of the Use of the Procedure in An Application
Population sampling procedures are described in this section. This description is followed by an illustration of the use of the procedures in an application.

Description of Procedures ... "

Abstract
This paper reviews four separate studies and explores the sampling methods and reasons behind the selection of these methods. The sampling methods of the Gallop organization are used as the model for large scale surveying using small samples. Each of the four studies is unique in their sampling methods, selection of participants and generalization of the results.

Outline:
Abstract
Applications Exercise
Client Treatment Outcomes
An Examination of Racial Profiling in a Large Metropolitan Area
Trafficking of Eastern European Women: An Ethnographic Analysis
Rekindling Police Burnout: Implications for the Motivation and Retention of Personnel

From the Paper
"The researcher in this study started with the opinion that the well known and accepted benefits of physical fitness will be beneficial to the treatment and subsequent reduction of recidivism of drug offenders in the Orange County, California Drug Court. The researcher chose the samples were from the portion of the available population (availability sampling) that was allowed to participate, as opposed to a random gathering of samples, or any scientific method. From this population of approximately 150, and of those involved in the criminal justice system that the presiding Judges wished to allow the defendants to participate, pared the available population down to a very small number (Thompson, 2006, p.88). Because of ethical and financial concerns, the researcher and the Judge could not compel or otherwise mandate participation in the program, thus volunteers were solicited through court sponsored incentives. In the end, it was a matter of taking anybody that was eligible, and the extremely low participation level was the manifestation of this "who can I get?" sampling method. The participation from the available population of nearly 150 was 5, and then only 2 completed the fitness program (Thompson, 2006, p.99)."

Tags:population, researcher, sampling, data

Abstract
The following assignment is for a first year media studies course. The topic of the assignment was appropriation. The example that was examined was yes we can Obama by the Black Eyed Peas. It uses four different sources to clearly demonstrated how this video is an example of sampling and not an example of appropriation.

From the Paper
The Black Eyed Peas and Sampling Artistic production involves a range of signs, symbols, messages and contexts. The fact that artistic production is constantly occurring means that a massive number of pre-existing texts are in existence. With all of these texts out there it is not surprising that appropriation is often a major issue. For example, in "The Ecstasy of Influence" Jonathan Lethem argues, "Literature has always been a crucible in which familiar themes are constantly recast"(Lethem 59). The same argument could be made for almost every form of cultural production. This essay will look at the video "Yes We Can Obama Song" by the Black

Tags:media, appropriation, sampling

Abstract
This paper examines the sampling techniques presented in three articles from "Voices from the Field: Readings in Criminal Justice Research " by Pope, Lovell and Brandl (Ed.). In each article, the author compares the sampling process to the optimal technique for the purpose of the study and analyzes the representativeness of the population from which it was drawn. The articles are 'Heavy Metal Music Preference, Delinquent Friends, Social Control, and Delinquency' by Singer and Levine, 'Collective and Normative Features of Gang Violence' by S. Decker and 'A Badge and a Baccalaureate' by R. Warden. The paper concludes that sampling is critical to the reliability of the study.

From the Paper
"The first article is 'Heavy Metal Music Preference, Delinquent Friends, Social Control, and Delinquency'. The population used was public and private senior high school students in a large, New York suburban community. Using school board lists, 1,475 students were sampled. Of this number, interviews were completed with 705 youths. This study used proportionate sampling as its sampling technique. Crucial to this type of sampling is that the study specified the probability that any given element is included."

Tags:optimal reliability, senior high school students, active gang members, cluster sampling

Abstract
The writer of this paper proposes carrying out a research project to find methods to monitor health workers in an attempt to improve hygiene and prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. The writer begins by explaining what research method is to be used and then continues with a description of nosocomial infections and how they are spread. The author describes how use would be made of surveillance cameras to monitor health worker's adherence to standards of hygiene and examines the benefits and disadvantages involved before making his final conclusions.

From the Paper
"To begin preliminary research into ways to prevent nosocomial infections, infections that originate or occur in a hospital or hospital-like setting, I would like to conduct a research study upon my staff of nurses. Nosocomial infections are dangerous because they are often antibiotic-resistant. Patients tend to be susceptible to such infections when they have broken skin or have injuries with exposed mucous membranes (Abedon, 1998). One possible way to limit the spread of such infections is hand-washing. "These pathogens also tend to become incorporated into the normal flora of hospital workers," and thus acquired, these "opportunistic infections thus tend to be both very available for transmission to patients and not easily treated once infections are under way" (Abedon, 1998). However, because it is difficult to monitor or quantify in a busy day how much a nurse does or does not wash his or her hands, I would suggest the following: the structure of my research would require the ward of nurses in question to be filmed over the course of the day, and their behavior regarding hand-washing would be observed by a monitor. Researchers would track how much and how often particular nurses washed their hands over the course of a day using the recoded film."

Tags:patients, weakened, immune, symptoms, illnesses, infections, hospital, antibiotic, resistant, pathogens, video, ethics

Abstract
The paper discusses how DNA, with its incredible accuracy, has been used to free wrongly convicted persons, identify criminals, and clear suspects, especially in sexual assault cases. The paper notes that there are those who believe that DNA collection is unconstitutional but this paper is of the opinion that it is a powerful tool that police departments should use.

From the Paper
"A married couple was jogging on a trail in September of 1993 in Dallas when a man with a gun attacked the couple by shooting the man and sexually assaulting the female. There was no suspect identified even though the police investigated over 200 leads and 40 potential suspects. Seven years later evidence was analyzed with the use of DNA technology. In February 2001 the DNA was matched to a sex offender who was serving a five-year sentence for sexual assault on a child (Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology, 2003).
"An eight year old girl was sexually assaulted in 1994 in Texas. In 1999 DNA evidence was entered in the national DNA database. The DNA profile of a jailed suspect was entered in the same database in 2003. The DNA was a match. The jailed suspect was scheduled to be released in a few months (DPS DNA Database Solving More Crimes, 2004)."

Tags:convictions, suspects, laboratories, databases

Abstract
This report outlines how an organisation can enter the Australian beer market with a new brand of beer, positioned as an environmentally friendly, carbon neutral alternative. Data, was gathered from 50 surveys that allowed the researchers to gain an insight into the preferences, perceptions, media habits and purchase behaviour of beer consumers in Australia. The findings illustrate that it would be profitable to enter the Australian beer market, with projections predicting that based on the current preferences of individuals within the market, the optimal product would gain significant market share.
The report includes photos, charts, diagrams and tables of explanation.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Background
Management Decision Problem
Marketing Research Problem and Research Objectives
Management Decision Criteria
Research Design Rationale
Research Design
Survey Design
Methodology
Results
Sample Characteristics
Market Segmentation using Conjoint Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Cluster 3
Cluster 4
Limitations
Recommendations
Target Market
Marketing Strategies
Conclusion
Reference List
Appendices

From the Paper
''Beer has played an iconic role within Australian culture and lifestyle since it was first brought to our shores by Captain James Cook as a means of preserving fresh drinking water. Over the decades, beer has become very popular, making Australia the fourth largest consumer of beer per capita (Kirin, 2004).
''Today there are over 100 different brands of beer in the Australian market, with most local brands being produced and distributed by one of two market leaders, Lion Nathan and Fosters.
''Recent industry data illustrates Lion Nathan's share of the beer market has risen to 40 per cent from 38 per cent over the past five years. By comparison, Foster's share has fallen to 49.9 per cent from 55 per cent, highlighting Lion Nathan's increasing stock that has outperformed a flat Australian beer market (Greenblat, 2010). This can be illustrated by Figure 1.''

Tags:Beers, introduction, carbon neutral, lion nathan

Abstract
The writer notes that the objective of the laboratory describe in the paper is to observe mobile cells and their characteristics. Three distinct samples are viewed: plant cells from an Elodea leaf, a eukaryotic animal cell called Tetrahymena pyriformis, and myofibrils from a rabbit muscle. The writer points out that when movement is detected in the plant and animal cells, it can lead to calculations of speed. Both intracellular and inter-cellular movement is exemplified in the samples. The writer notes that cells are not only observed under natural conditions, but also after biochemical alterations. The effects of these biochemical changes are also noted. The addition of methyl cellulose enables more accurate observation of the animal cells, since it reduces their speed. The writer concludes that when the ATP was added, the decrease in size proved that the myofibrils are responsible for the muscular function and that the muscle is dependant on the myofibrils successfully working together. However, each cluster of myofibrils appeared to be structurally independent, meaning it was not connected to any other cluster.

Outline:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Discussion
References

From the Paper
"The Tetrahymena cells were all similar in size, and were either circular or elliptical in shape. Their nuclei and cytoplasms were clearly seen, but any other organelles were difficult to distinguish. Whether they moved horizontally, vertically or diagonally, linear motion was consistent in all the cells. It also seemed like they each one followed a unique path across the field of view. After adding methyl cellulose to these cells, their movement became significantly slower, and deceleration continued until the cells stopped moving altogether. However, their movement also became random, sporadic and generally unpredictable, since they did not seem to be following any particular path. As well, some cells began moving in a circular motion, as if around an axis, and many cells began to gather in large groups once they stopped moving."

Tags:movement, measurement, cells, size

Abstract
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 sought to end the monopoly that once existed in the telecommunications industry. Since its adoption, the telecommunications industry has been undergoing a period of rapid change and development. The entry of new players into the market encouraged them to seek new ways to attract and keep customers. The paper shows that these changes have led to a rapid influx of new technology and services. Many times what defines a monopoly is not clear in every circumstance and there are many pending lawsuits for violations of antitrust laws in the courts today. The paper explains that economic models are useful in resolving issues of whether a monopoly truly exists, or whether claims are unsubstantiated. Previous models were applicable only in certain situations. These models are unreliable in predicting monopolies outside the parameters for which they were designed. This research develops and tests an economic model that accurately predicts the existence of a monopoly in the telecommunications sector. The paper includes tables and figures.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Rationale for Study
Scope of Problem
Statement of Hypothesis and Research Questions
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The Telecommunications Industry
Economic Models of a Monopoly
Michael Porter and Monopolies and Clusters
Knowledge Engineering in Relation to Monopolies and Business
Intelligence Applied to Monopolies
Chapter 3: Methodology
Database of Study and Data-Gathering Method
Sample Population
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Findings and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Even a casual review of its circumstances today makes it quickly apparent that the telecommunications industry is a complex entity and there are multiple sub-industries within the primary industry. The telecommunications industry has gone from a relatively pure monopoly to an attempted competition, and now it is questionable as to whether it is gravitating towards a monopoly again. In addition, there are now more products and services available. The market is no longer comprised of one market. There is a long-distance market, a local service market, and a cell phone and wireless market. All of these markets have different characteristics and the previously existing models fail to useful in all areas of the telecommunications industry."

Tags:MCI, WorldCom, Sprint, Bell, duopoly, HHI