Abstract
The paper discusses Eckman's work in the areas of the detection of deliberate concealment of intentions and deception, fundamental human emotions and facial expression, detection of deliberate deception through observation and transmission of subconscious intent through involuntary micro-expressions. It goes on to discuss the practical application of this research for fighting crime and terrorism. It looks as well at high-tech applications, limitations, areas of future research, and ethical considerations.

Outline:
The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception
Fundamental Human Emotions and Facial Expression
Detection of Deliberate Deception Through Observation
Transmission of Subconscious Intent Through Involuntary Micro-Expressions
Practical Application of Deliberate Deception Through Observation Techniques
Limitations and Areas of Future Research and Practical Applications
Ethical Considerations in Practical Application of Deception Detection Techniques
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The immediate practical applications of the work of Ekman and others in the realm of human facial expressions and the ability to teach methods of increasing the ability to detect deliberate concealment of emotions and deception have profound implications. In principle, Ekman demonstrated that individuals can be very effectively trained in the techniques of recognizing characteristic signs of deception in facial
expressions (Ekman 2003) and that such training typically is capable of being accomplished in a matter of only a few hours. Already, such techniques have been extensively incorporated into the protection of high-value targets, such as by the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) agency domestically, and by various Israeli security services, such as those responsible for screening airline passengers through dynamic interviews (Safir, 2003)."

Tags:security, law enforcement, training, crime, anti-terrorism, ethics, lies

Abstract
This paper discusses the science of paleoseismology, and archaeological evidence as a relatively new investigative source. The paper explains that archaeology was put into a more scientific framework only in 1928 by Sir Arthur Evans who, based on evidence of a destruction layer, established the tradition of regarding earthquake horizons as benchmarks in archaeological stratigraphy and chronology. The paper adds that some archaeologist have gone as far as blaming major earthquakes for the destruction of several major constructions, even putting the blame for the collapse and disappearance of ancient civilizations. After discussing pertinent topics such as the identification of paleoseismic phenomena, the paper concludes that the study of ancient earthquakes can also warn geologists about a presently tectonically quiet region and a potential future return of activity.

From the Paper
"The main contribution that seismic archaeology can offer to active tectonics is the localization, dating and evaluation of seismic events. The relationship between qualitative data (the description of effects) and quantitative data (magnitude, depth) is still approximate.
Archaeologists need to interpret and place material and written clues into a wider temporal context in the appropriate socio-economic framework of the sampled region. In other words, to establish the extent and magnitude of a certain destructive episode, i.e. working within a rigorous scientific outline, the archaeological study has to look beyond the often scant written record of the event. Local patterns of destruction and damage, filtered through historical parameters, can point to a more precise description of an ancient earthquake."

Tags:earthquake, prediction, history, ancient, record, seismology, seismogram, prehistoric

From the Paper
" How Riots in Prison Can Be Prevented and Controlled
An analysis of the three most notorious riots in the US shows differences in the revolts but also reveals significant similarities in the conditions that helped triggered the riots.
This could help control and perhaps prevent riots in the future. Prison riots involve a seizure of control, violence, and inmate demands for changes in the prison. Since the first prison riot in the United States in 1774, some 300 prison riots have been reported in this country in the past two centuries (Fox, 1972). Not surprisingly, prison inmates stage disturbances and riots and take hostages to air grievances. These disturbances and riots often erupt as acts of desperation among inmate leaders who have come to believe that it is a last resort to get a hearing from prison officials, policy makers, and the public about unfair.."

Abstract
This paper explains that the core theme of Kate Chopin's short story "Desiree's Baby" is race and race relations. The author points out that the reader should be aware of the clues, sprinkled throughout this dark story, which reveal the real character of Armand and hint at the twisted ending. The paper relates that the clues in the story, from the dark, brooding house to the unhappy slaves to the stigma of a child, which appears to have black blood, are symbols of the racism rampant in the South before and after the Civil War. The paper includes many quotations.

From the Paper
"Chopin creates a chilling work that seems at first to be light and loving. The truth is that Armand blames the child's origins on Desiree, who cannot cope with the loss of his love and kills herself because of it. He is little more than a murderer because he hides the truth from everyone and lets Desiree bear the shame of carrying Negro blood, when it is really Armand himself who is the culprit. The story is horrifying and especially so because the ending is so shocking."

Tags:race, clues, symbols, negro, mood

Abstract
The paper discusses several techniques that falls under the category of scaffolding, namely, semantic mapping, reading aloud as well as using context clues to glean meaning from a difficult sentence or passage. The paper explains the reasoning behind scaffolding that involves the classroom teacher having a strong understanding of the varying ability levels of the students. The paper emphasizes that the key concept is that the teacher gently coaxes the students outside of their comfort zone so that real learning can take place.

From the Paper
"The concept of scaffolding is not a new idea. It has its roots in the educational theories endeavored by educational psychologist Lev Vygotsky. In Vygotsky's view of cognitive development, the adults or other partners in a child's world provide scaffolding to help children learn new information and develop more complex thinking abilities (SUNY Early Childhood Education). Vygotsky also looked at the social and cultural difference of each student to help understand how a child's learning develops. He thought that the socioeconomic status and culture of a student had a great impact on the child's cognitive skills. This belief has been echoed by later educational pioneers such as Ruby Payne."

Tags:semantic, mapping, read, aloud, context, clues, zone, of, proximal, development

Abstract
This paper takes a look at children's television programming. The field study was done by watching three different television programs: Mr. Roger's Neighborhood, Blue's Clues, and Sesame Street and the conclusions were made according to child psychology teachings.

From the Paper
"Television is not simply an electronic toy or one of the many forms of entertainment" (Craig, 320). It is a pervasive influence in the lives of children, and this is what sparked my interest in children's television programming for this research project. For my field study, I watched Mr.Roger's neighborhood, Blue's Clues, and Sesame Street over Thanksgiving break. After viewing these programs, some patterns in their methods of teaching their audience became evident. Different methods were used to encourage cognitive development of the young children who watch the shows. All three of the television programs were common in the fact that they aimed at education as well as entertainment for their audience. This fact is crucial, especially since most children watch a lot of television when they are growing up, while they are in their optimal learning period of life. The education/ entertainment mix is crucial for these programs to be successful. If a television show were merely educational without any attempt at being entertaining, children would not want to watch them. It is true that many children show signs that they like learning, but they also have a short attention span, so a television show must be entertaining to keep their attention on the show long enough to learn from it. On the flip side, it would defeat the purpose of trying to make television educational for children to watch show that is merely entertaining. This is why a mix of the two is necessary for an educational program to succeed."

Tags:child, children, effects, psychology, television, tv, Rogers, Neighborhood, Blue's, Clues, Sesame, Street

Abstract
This paper explains that Susan Glaspell, in her play "Trifles" and novel "A Jury of Her Peers", presents the character of Minnie Wright through the many "trifles", or small clues, recognized by the two women---Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters---who accompany the official murder investigation team. The author points out that this device of the "unseen woman", also used by Edgar Allen Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle, draws attention to the marginalization of women who are unseen by men in a patriarchal society. The paper stresses that because they dismissed the importance of "trifles", the investigators could not solve the mystery of who Minnie Wright was and why she would murder her husband.

From the Paper
"Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale allow us to see Minnie without actually seeing her. Both women share a significant number of life experiences and similar life responsibilities with Minnie. As such, they can see many small things that are nevertheless significant. These insignificant "trifles" include the half-sifted flour (or laid out bread), the preserves, the poorly sewn quilting patch, and the dead canary. One of the trifles noticed by the women but overlooked by the men was that of the flour / bread. Mustazza points out that this scene contains one of the subtle differences in scene between "Trifles" and "A Jury of Her Peers"."

Tags:marginal, clues, investigator, patriarchal, device

Abstract
This insightful and well-researched paper examines how one's impression of an individual's social class molds the way in which we interact with that particular individual. This paper focuses on how the initial impressions of our fellow human beings can impact and even determine our expectations of other individuals. From a small number of visual and audio clues, we can guess at whether an individual is successful or not. These same clues tell us whether that particular person is worthy of respect, or revulsion. The writer of this paper details how the status of people, organizations, places and ideas differs depending upon the context. One group may possess a generally negative status, while others may present a negative status only in relation to certain others. This paper also explores the impact of the media on our perception of others. Newspapers and television stations are always bombarding the viewer with images of crime and criminals. They like to show photographs of the alleged victim dressed neatly in a suit and tie, or wearing the robes of an altar boy. Much stronger than these examples of individual cases of a person's status or condition, are those in which the media stereotypes a whole group of people. This paper also discusses how ethnic and minority groups are lumped together in such an easily recognized fashion.

From the Paper
"Among the other discoveries of this look at "status," was the uncovering of a still-more insidious method of reporting events. In many of the pieces at which we looked, the "judgment" that the reader is invited to make is conceived of as something that happens almost automatically. For example, Mayor Daley's defense of vocational schools does not, in reality, contain anything positive or negative about such a school. Instead, it is the mere offering of the comment that is significant. People have a certain idea about "vocational schools," and the Mayor, as well the Tribune's readers are fully cognizant of the nature of that point-of-view. A more positive way of handling the story might have been for the article to have listed all that the vocational schools would do, rather than introducing at once the idea that "You'll live with it!" Too many times, even the most objective people let slip small comments or phrases that indicate a prejudice one way or the other. Particular words become "code words."

Tags:sociology, perception, media, theory, class, minority, ethnic, stereotype

Abstract
This paper describes the four characters of the short story, "The Open Boat" by Stephen Crane, and shows how despite the fact that Crane provides only the most elliptical clues about the four men, the reader can understand a great deal about their characters. The paper examines how Crane provides us with clues about how the proximity of danger peels away carefully constructed outer layers of our personalities. This paper also analyzes the ways in which Crane creates a portrait of the sea as a marvelous complex, protean entity, perhaps in this one case the taker of human life, but far more importantly the source of all life.

From the Paper
"Against this magnificence of the natural world, the men seem diminished. We come to understand that the captain is in general a brave man and not unintelligent he does help bring about their salvation with his suggestion that they use his coat as a sail. But we also understand that he views the sea as an enemy, as a foe to be met and either defeated or be vanquished by. His inability to see the connections among all natural things " himself included " diminishes him. The oiler, whom we come to understand is a man who always follows orders, is a reflection of the captain. He is a man who is good at following orders, and skillful at his craft, but not good at thinking for himself which would have made him an invaluable crewmember but means that he has relatively little to contribute once they are stranded."

Tags:sea, stranded, naturalistic, captain, personalities, sail, dangers, enemy

Abstract
This paper explains that one of the biggest challenges of adapting literature into film is the complex task of finding the actors to convincingly bring them to life on the big screen; Adam Egoyan's version of "The Sweet Hereafter" has done this. The author points out that, in a novel, the characters are developed with the aid of small clues from the author and are much more fluid than those captured on film, which is why the casting task is so challenging. This paper relates that, by relying on a cast of talented actors, by filming in anamorphic CinemaScope, and by adding a particular set of visual clues, Egoyan has remained faithful to Russel Banks's heart-wrenching, emotional tale.

From the Paper
"In Banks' version of The Sweet Hereafter, Dolores Driscoll has a very distinctive voice. She speaks in colloquial terms, and her descriptions are short and frank. Banks has Dolores speak about the essential area of religion in order to illustrate this trait: "Oh, like most people, we go to church - First Methodist - but irregularly and mostly for social reasons, so as not to stand out too much in the community" Clearly, Dolores is a brutally honest woman. She goes to church merely to uphold an image, and she discloses this motivation without any hesitation. Dolores does not feel the need to put on airs or to pretend to be something that she is not."

Tags:polley, cinemascope, actors, complex, holms