Abstract
Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of the Macedonian dynasty , is legendary for her seductive ways, her force, astuteness, and relationships with powerful men. She has even been called "'the most illustrious and wise of women'" by John, Bishop of Nikiu in Upper Egypt in the 7th century A.D.; and "'the last of the wise ones of Greece'" by the Arab historian Al-Masudi. Hughes posits that Cleopatra may have been noticeably darker than the Romans she came into contact with, which may have exaggerated the conflict she experienced with Rome and others. She developed amorous relationships with both Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, while invoking the ire of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son (the son of his niece, and the brother of Octavia, Antony's wife) who accused Antony of repudiating Rome due to his lust for the Egyptian queen. She has been seen as the most prolific seductress of her time gaining vast expanses of land and property from her powerful lovers.

From the Paper
Cleopatra: Her Relationship with Rome and the Powerful Men Who Gave Her Love, Sex, and Clout Introduction Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of the Macedonian dynasty, is legendary for her seductive ways, her force, astuteness, and relationships with powerful men. She has even been called "'the most illustrious and wise of women'" by John, Bishop of Nikiu in Upper Egypt in the 7^th century A.D.; and "'the last of the wise ones of Greece'" by the Arab historian Al-Masudi. Hughes posits that Cleopatra may have been noticeably darker than the

Tags:cleopatra, antony, caesar

Abstract
This essay argues that the Klan's authority and effectiveness as a terrorist organization has diminished in recent years as the organization has fragmented and has been unable to attract new members in significant numbers. The threat posed by the Ku Klux Klan, while not to be taken lightly, should no longer constitute a major focus of law enforcement agencies in the United States. The modern KKK isn't an active terrorist group, so much as it is an historical artifact, the remains of an organization that once used terrorist tactics to keep much of the nation afraid.

From the Paper
"In November 1999, eighteen members of the Ku Klux Klan gathered in New York City for a rally promoting their decidedly white supremacist beliefs. They stood silent for their rally because the courts denied them any sound equipment. Meanwhile, a counter-protest developed around the KKK rally, which attracted more than 6,000 New Yorkers. This latter group was there to protest the existence of the KKK and the rally that they were holding (Hentoff, 2001). The anti-KKK protesters had more than three hundred times the attendees as did the actual Ku Klux Klan. This disparity tells us quite a bit about the social and political clout that the Klan currently wields. The term "Ku Klux Klan" is used to denote any number of past terrorist organizations that have operated in the United States, under the loose banner of white supremacy."

Tags:ku, klux, klan

Abstract
This paper argues that multinational corporations in today's global economy have been a mixed blessing. The author points out that while these organizations have been rightly accused of debilitating local businesses, of exploiting workers in developing nations and of dangerous levels of political clout, which they wield in impoverished lands desperate for their patronage, they are also powerful engines for meaningful change with regards to such issues as affirmative action initiatives that might (belatedly) transform the work culture of certain nations. The author underscores that multinationals can serve as very effective organizations for improving the benefits and employment packages that people in developing lands receive. The paper concludes that multinationals are far from perfect, but strong and progressive leadership can make them efficacious tools for change.

From the Paper
"The other negative with regards to multinational corporations (and this has actually been hinted at above) is the power they can wield over the governments of developing nations. For instance, developing lands are obviously eager to diversify their economies, to increase their tax receipts, and to overcome rampant unemployment. In a similar vein, these third-world states have a clear interest in forging ties with the developed world that will allow for greater business opportunities for their own entrepreneurs and business types."

Tags:clout, affirmative action, infrastructure power leadership

Abstract
This paper studies how the Russian mafia has established itself in Israel over the past decade. The paper discusses the arrival of the mafia alongside one million immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union. The paper then examines the major inroads the mafia has made in dominator sectors of Israel's economy. The paper concludes with evidence that the mafia is now poised to gain political clout, particularly in local governments. underestimated. Either way, people have cause for concern.

Outline
Introduction
History and Influence
Summary

From the Paper
"Police are concerned that the Russian Mafia is seeking to infiltrate the government through Israel's primaries system. It takes a lot of money to be elected in the primaries, which leaves the door open for organized-crime figures who have a lot of cash to pass around, police sources say. And yet, the sources add, despite the accusations of cynics, the checks and balances of the country's democratic system make it difficult to infiltrate the government. This is likely to turn the Mafia towards municipal government."

Tags:former, soviet, union, immigration, Israeli, Russia, infiltrate, economy, primaries, municipal, government

Abstract
In 1971, a new type of movie hero appeared on the screen. "Shaft" was the first Hollywood production that capitalized on a growing black audience who had demonstrated their box office clout with a strong response to Van Peebles's "Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song". The paper questions whether the main character, John Shaft, was just another iteration of the 'big, bad black buck' or whether he constituted a new black persona.

From the Paper
"To understand the cultural context of a Black superhero, it's important to appreciate the political climate of the time. Black Power and Black Nationalism were political movements expressing a new racial consciousness among blacks in the United States in the late 1960s. Black Power represented both a logical outcome of the decade's civil rights movement and an impatient reaction to persisting racism that continued to resist the efforts of black activists during the early 1960s. Black Power was influential mainly in the late 1960s. Black Power meant different things to different people."

Tags:racism, black, power, influence, perception

Abstract
This paper explains that, with managed care systems, hospitals needed to compete for managed care contracts and gain clout with insurers for better reimbursement rates; therefore, administrators, who are usually not medically trained, save costs by downsizing the R.N. staff, resulting in less favorable patient outcomes. The author suggests that the simplest solution would be to abolish for-profit medical facilities and replace them with facilities judged on how well they spend all their income on patient care by providing the best possible medical care by doctors, nurses and nursing assistants. The paper concludes that, as long as the United States considers the right to make a handsome profit more important than the mandate to provide care for the sick, nothing will change.

Table of Contents
History of Nursing-Staff Erosion
Legal Ramifications
Possible Solutions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Hospitals may cross-train janitors and security guards to do nursing work. "Studies report that hospital nursing staffs, which once consisted of 85-95 percent registered nurses and only 5-15 percent aides, are now only 80, 70 sometimes 50 percent registered nurses and up to 50 percent aides." This sort of understaffing leads to errors. Sometimes those errors are R.N. errors, due to lack of time to consider all the ramifications of their own and their assistants' actions. For example, in one nursing care facility, an elderly man, called Mr. D by authors Baker and Cooper, was restrained, partially because of his behavior. However, he became agitated during a time when he was not under observation because, with too few assistants, an R.N. had to reassign some staff."

Tags:managed-care, downsizing, mba, for-profit, adminstrators

Abstract
Unions first caught the national imagination in 1869 with the foundation of three important unions: The Black National Labor Union, the first local Knights of Labor (in Philadelphia), and the Daughters of St. Crispin (first national female union). The paper shows, however, that organized labor had existed before that. Even before America was founded, powerful "guilds" protected skilled laborers. The paper questions why organized labor exists and what kind of power it wields. The paper shows that the answer to that question is in many ways ever-evolving and changing. The nature and needs for organized labor are constantly changing, as is the degree of power that they wield. About 70 years ago, for example, unions were relatively powerful and their interests mainly revolved around safe working places, living wages and so forth. They organized because they had to, for their own protection, because of the severity of working environments. The paper shows, however that unions today have far less power and though in many cases they organize for the same reasons, they are also concerned with globalization, privacy and advancement or investment rights and other concerns. Perhaps the simplest explanation for why labor becomes organized is that they are responding to the innate organization of the bosses and that their political clout is in direct reverse proportion to their expandability.

From the Paper
"There are varying degrees of resistance which have been employed by labor, and the threat of which creates what political clout exists for labor. There is complete revolution, like that which has passed in many communist/socialist countries and is aimed at overthrowing both the capitalist system and the capitalist government. Additionally, labor can threaten active civil disobedience and striking by workers, even armed resistance. The third sort of threat is that of legal striking (organized or unorganized) and other legal pressures such as boycotting, which while less frightening are none the less debilitating. The fourth sort is purely political pressure, based in voting and other passive means to an end. The threat of these four sorts of resistance are enough to give labor some bargaining power when they come to the table."

Tags:Haymarket, Square, Riots, dispute

Abstract
This paper presents an examination of Leni Riefenstah,l a film actor/director during Hitler's reign of Nazi Germany. It examines how
Leni worshiped many of Hitler's beliefs and used her art ability and clout in unethical manners to promote him as a humanistic in the form of Nazi propaganda. In her movies she portrayed Hitler as a brilliant political strategist who would only improve the world as the world bought into his ideas and beliefs. It attempts to understand how Leni's films helped to shape the war and the horror that many suffered from and how, had she not used her art in unethical ways then history may have been altered to have an outcome which did not include the horror that six million Jews suffered.

From the Paper
"Understanding the ways that Leni's films influenced the world is important so that history does not repeat itself. There are several things that can be done to insure this does not repeat. One of the most important things the viewers need to remember is that the media presents a biased view regardless of how hard it tries not to. Each piece is put together by human beings and it is approved by other human beings and if they believe it to be a good piece it is generally because the piece dovetails with their interests and beliefs."

Tags:hitler, nazi, propaganda, movies, media, jews, director

Abstract
This paper argues that counter to popular belief, Cubans are far from a homogeneous ethnic group. Rather, it was this group's shared sense of exile and its mobilization of large numbers of immigrants that paved the way for their socio-economic and political clout. This paper takes a historical approach to the growth of economic and political power of Cuban-Americans. It looks at how Cuban exiles slowly shifted focus from anticipating their return to the homeland in the years following the revolution, to working with and eventually becoming part of the established elite in Miami. This paper also discusses how Cubans slowly carved a new identity, as Cuban-Americans. This transformation further paved the way for the development of the Cuban-American elite, first in business and later, in politics.
Introduction
Review of Literature
Geography and Population
From Exiles to Citizens
Miami Politics and Economics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In summary, conventional wisdom has credited Cuban American prosperity to their social homogeneity. However, this is only part of the picture. Unlike other Hispanic groups, Cuban Americans have benefited from a strong social cohesion, brought about by a common goal to topple Cuba. This commonality paved the way for the establishment of social networks, which were later geared towards increasing Cuban presence in local and state politics. Additionally, the greater educational achievement of Cuban Americans further contributed to their growing economic power in the 1980s. Given the aging of the Castro regime and Cuba's growing openness towards capitalism, the economic and political might of the Cuban American population can only increase."

Tags:latin, immigrants, exile, hispanic

Abstract
This paper explains that Clinton was able to amass a great deal of the international clout and political capital over the latter course of his first term and early in his second terms, partly because of the relative strength of the American economy and partly due to his new vitality as a leader of substance. The paper states, however, that this was all undone by a series of various scandals of both a political and personal kind that resulted in Clinton becoming the first president since Andrew Johnson to be impeached and tried.

From the Paper
"When the former Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton came to power, world opinion as to his foreign policy competency was fairly negative. This was only to be expected, perhaps, given that the recently deposed first President Bush was not only a vice president before he assumed the presidency, but was a former director of the CIA and an ambassador to China under Richard Nixon. Clinton had campaigned with the homespun, America-focused slogan 'it's the economy, stupid,' and his domestically oriented past career made him appear like anything but a statesman. "(BBC, 2001) Clinton was keenly aware of the recession, and his first campaign offered change and focused on the economy and the high unemployment rate. He promised health-care reform, tax cuts for the middle class and tax increases for the wealthy, and reductions in defense spending." (Rozell, 2005) However, Clinton seemed to offer little coherent vision for the post Cold War's increasingly fractious and divisive world."

Tags:arkansas, middle, east, monica, levinsky