Abstract This paper examines several of the problems with the Oort cloud theory. The paper suggests that the most obvious failing of the Oort cloud theory is because no one has yet detected the cloud itself; additionally, the activities and allocations of comet perihelions as well as the curious absence of hyperbolic orbits in the comets we do encounter suggest that much of what passes for current day talk vis-a-vis the Oort cloud theory is in desperate need of revision.
From the Paper "Why Oort Cloud Theory Doesn't Work Despite their best efforts, there are still many things about the universe scientists do not know. Not least of all, contemporary scientists are still laboring to understand the origins of our solar system. The following paper will examine one of the theories that has long informed our understanding of the earliest days of our solar system with an eye towards exposing the errors and over-sights that characterize its enduring popularity in the face of a constant barrage of criticism. Specifically, the following paper will argue that the Oort cloud theory is very much an unsubstantiated view of the universe - an ontological assumption, if you will - that does not appear rooted in actual scientific observation."
Abstract One of the most urgent issues facing our environment and our lives in terms of pollution, has been the "Brown Cloud", or "Asian Brown Cloud" phenomenon of massive concentrations of air-borne pollutants found above heavily industrialized and wholly unregulated areas. It is the purpose of this paper to look at the origins, the effects, and the solution to the Asian and other Brown Cloud problems rising in the world.
Abstract This paper discusses the effect that clouds have on the greenhouse effect. The paper is written as if it were discussing the opinions of three groups of scientists. The first group believes that clouds counteract the greenhouse effect; the second says they make it worse and the last don't know.
From the Paper "The greenhouse effect is one of the least understood environmental problems. Most people think of the greenhouse effect in negative terms. However, it must be realized that the greenhouse effect is essential for life of earth. For example, in A Green History of the World Clive Ponting states, Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to trap outgoing terrestrial infra-red radiation, the average temperature on the earth would be about -18 degrees Celsius and too cold for life. These gases primarily carbon dioxide and methane, maintain the temperature at about 15 degrees Celsius (Ponting, 1991, p. 387)."
Abstract The paper considers "Clouds" as a critique of philosophy in the form of a comedy, revealing the tension between poetry and philosophy. The paper claims that different forms of subversion lie at the heart of the play about the relationship between Socrates and the Clouds, new and mysterious goddesses he has invented with his worship of reason to replace the old Olympian pantheon. The writer presents the explanation of Leo Strauss as to the Clouds' nature, and contrasts it with the writer's own theory that Aristophanes' purpose in writing "Clouds" was to demonstrate that Socrates' philosophizing, in its excess and amorality, is potentially destructive to society and humanity. In conclusion, the writer shows that Aristophanes is revealed as the representative of the Clouds among the Greeks.
From the Paper "Generally speaking, Aristophanes' Clouds represent imitation, indeterminacy and play. They are the Gods of language; they are also the language itself. Celestial signs simultaneously revealing and concealing the heavens. Demi-gods linking the human with the divine. Tricksters that teach men of the proper measure. Now the relationship between the Clouds and Aristophanes becomes clearer: the comedian poet considers himself a representative of those daimons, meaning on the one hand that he re-presents them, reveals them, introduces them and on the other, that he is the sole ambassador of the Clouds among his people."
Abstract This research paper examines at length a huge cloud of industrial air pollution and dust that now covers over 10 million square kilometers of the Southeast Asian region, which is called the Asian brown cloud. The paper discusses the global relevance of the cloud that scientists know affects air quality as far away as the United States, with potentially damaging environmental and health effects. The paper describes the UN-backed international environmental study performed in the late1990s called the Indian Ocean Experiment and a recent report indicates that the cloud is linked to negative impacts on human health, regional temperatures, precipitation, and agricultural productivity. The paper calls on the international community to take greater responsibility for climate change and related remedial efforts.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Problem Statement and Contributing Factors
Facts and Figures
Problem Assessment and Analysis
Confounding Factors
Current Remedial Actions
Future Implications: Regulatory, Economic and Social
Managing the Problem
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "International leaders face an imposing new environmental challenge in the new millennium's discovery of a huge, hazy cloud of industrial air pollution and haze spread out like a blanket over most of Asia. United Nations scientists recently issued a report detailing the preliminary findings of an environmental risk assessment study on this cloud, and initial indications about the cloud's effects on human health and the environment are discouraging. The global implications of this study, known as Project Asian Brown Cloud, or Project ABC, have attracted the attention of environmental specialists, lawmakers, and citizens worldwide."
A team of scientists is researching a huge cloud of industrial air pollution and dust that now covers over 10 million square kilometers of the Southeast Asian region. The cloud is known to travel long distances from its source region, affecting air quality as far away as the United States, with potentially serious environmental and health effects. The research currently being done on this cloud is based on data first revealed during a UN-backed international environmental study performed in the late 1990s called the Indian Ocean Experiment. A recent report indicates that the cloud is linked to negative impacts on human health, regional temperatures, precipitation, and agricultural productivity. However, these findings are being challenged by top regional scientists, presumably out of fears that in the wake of the issuance of this report, Asian nations will be pressured by the international community to take greater responsibility for climate change and related remedial efforts. The debate continues, but in the meantime, remedial action may still be necessary. Given the considerable effects of the cloud and its ability to travel to other regions, this issue has significant international regulatory, economic, and social implications for the future."
Tags: asia, china, fossil, fuel, haze, health, india, industrial, nations, ocean, un, united
Abstract This paper analyzes Caryl Churchill's play, "Cloud Nine." It discusses the play in terms of nationalism, as well as identity for place and people. The paper discusses and questions the central theme of "Cloud Nine" that all that is held to be revered as traditional, should be adhered to socially and culturally. The paper describes the unique perspective and unconventional techniques that are used in the play to construct the theme of nationalism.
From the Paper "Even though the vision of utopia has been created, there are major obstacles to its realization. Betty's maturity has been stunted by Clive. "I feel like a child with money. Clive always paid everything" (79). Victoria, meanwhile, expresses the basics of Marxist feminism when she comments on the need for a theoretical background and the links between sex and economics. However, although she knows feminist philosophy, she is still dominated by Martin who ironically is also very familiar with feminism. In an image of identity as mirror, Betty remarks that, "I thought if Clive wasn't looking at me there wasn't a person there" (82). Betty's rebellion was realized through masturbation where she learned to become her own person distinct from her mother and from Clive. The final outcome for Betty was that "I felt triumphant because I was a separate person from them" (Churchill 83)."
Abstract This paper discusses the character Little Chandler in James Joyce's "A Little Cloud", analyzing the way he lives a life of delusion and is unable to take responsibility for the choices he has made.
From the Paper "Little Chandler refuses to acknowledge the circumstances of his present life. He rarely reflects on his own predicament, while devoting much thought to the life of Gallaher. When he contemplates "what changes [the] last eight years have brought", one expects him to mention the differences in his own life; however, he proceeds to describe the changes in Chandler's life over the years (846). He reveals virtually nothing about his job, making only passing references to his work. Chandler speaks of ?[turning] often from his tiresome writing to gaze out of the office window? (846). He then describes in detail the view from his office window, never explicitly stating what he does for a living."
Abstract This paper reviews the short story "A Tree. A Rock. A Cloud" by Carson McCullers. The writer describes the main characters of the story, their interaction with each other and explains their literary roles as defined by the author.
From the Paper "There are three central characters, two of whom have minimal dialogue, and only one of whom is given a name. Leo is the owner of the cafe where the story takes place. The newspaper boy who visits the cafe early in the morning while on his rounds is twelve and is never named. The focus is on the drunken man sitting alone at a table, a man who makes a surprising comment to the boy and who then expands on his comment by telling his own story. The situation between the boy and the drunk involves a series of implied contrasts between youth and age, innocence and experience. A secondary contrast is evident between the drunken man and Leo, here between an open and accepting spirit and a closed and angry one. What the drunken man imparts to the boy is a difficult lesson learned, and the rather elliptical way the older man imparts this lesson suggests that the boy will have to learn it for himself, probably through experience, just as the older man has."
Abstract This paper explores the purpose and usage of flowers in poetry using William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" as an example. It focuses on Wordsworth's choice of words and also on the greater profound concept that he is trying to depict. The first part of the paper focuses on interpreting the poem. It shows how Wordsworth eloquently uses figurative language, imagery, and personification to describe a scenic display of daffodils. The second part of the paper offers an analysis of the poem. In particular, it examines the concept of the futility of the individual when compared to the collective good of society, as shown in the context of man versus nature.
From the Paper "Wordsworth overwhelms us with collective images in stanza 2, relating the daffodils to stars, describing them as stretching "in never-ending line" (9) and also expressing that he sees "ten thousand ... at a glance" (11). In the last line of stanza 1 he personifies the daffodils to be "fluttering and dancing in the breeze" (6). We can elaborate on Wordsworth's many collective images through this line. Frequently, communities or groups of people have trouble working together, but through Wordsworth's personification of the daffodils, also seen in line 12 where the daffodils are ?tossing their heads in sprightly dance,? (12) we recognize that the daffodils are working together in unison with no trouble at all. Their "dance" is in complete coordination."
Abstract This paper examines how John Ruskin's lecture "The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century", is a carefully crafted social criticism of effects of industrialization on late 18th century English life.
From the Paper " In one passage, Ruskin also laments that, if only science might tell him where, exactly, weather changes come from, he would be grateful. However, as that same passage also implies, Ruskin in fact already knows the answer. Another entry refers to the descending blackness as "Manchester's devils darkness" (Ruskin, 1448). Manchester was, at the time, the new manufacturing center of England, and therefore, a symbol of the gloomy specter of mass industrialization that hovered over Europe. Therefore, the "devils darkness" to which Ruskin refers, could be, in a literal sense, the dark clouds of air pollution generated by industrial manufacturing, especially the sooty coal plants for which Manchester was well known. "
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that both Contraceleon and Pheidippides in the dramas 'Wasps' and 'Clouds' by Aristophanes reflect a decay in moral values through greedy behaviors. The writer points out that the relation that both of these characters share regarding their fathers is disrespect and selfishness. The writer discusses that without a basis for attaining wisdom and moral behaviors, both Contraceleon and Pheidippides reflect an abominable disrespect for their elders, and only for the lavishness of their own greedy lifestyles in a higher-class perspective.
From the Paper "This drama study compares the character Contraceleon and Pheidippides in the dramas: "Wasps" and "Clouds" by Aristophanes. In both of these characters there is a wanton depreciation of moral values and respect for their elders, which ultimately reflects Aristophanes cynical evaluation of the Athenian youth of his day. By comparing both Contraceleon and Pheidippides in these plays, there is a distinct lack of respect for their fathers (elders), which demote the value of Socratic wisdom and morality in Greek society. In the play "Wasps" by Aristophanes the character Contraceleon portends rash and cynical attributes to his father, Philocleon, who is a practitioner of law. By confining his father to their home, Contraceleon is used by Aristophanes as a youth bent on distorting the good moral values of law in Athenian courts."
Abstract This paper discusses William Wordsworth's poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud." The paper discusses how the poem's speaker expresses the main idea of the poem that nature can have a profound effect upon man. It looks at the poet's use of specific poetic techniques including rhyme scheme, meter, imagery, simile, metaphor and personification.
From the Paper "Several important poetic techniques are utilized by the poet in conveying the poem's basic meaning. The poem contains four six-line stanzas and one technique that can be identified is the poem's rhyme scheme, which is a quatrain-couplet scheme: ABABCC. Each of this poem's line is metered in iambic tetrameter. The poem utilizes vast amounts of visual imagery to convey the poet's experience with encountering the daffodils and their surroundings. It begins with an imagery of the clouds that float high over hills and valleys; it goes on to describe a host of daffodils, golden in color, residing by a lake and beneath the trees. The daffodils are furthermore described as dancing as a breeze passes by them. The poem continues to compare the visual imagery of the stars as they shine on the Milky Way galaxy to the thousands of daffodils as they stretch and dance along with the water's waves in the lake. The final imagery left for readers to experience is the poet lying on his couch and fondly recalling the memory of the daffodils and their delightful dance."
Abstract This paper reviews the inspirational book "9 Things You Simply Must Do to Succeed in Love and Life" by Henry Cloud. The paper explains the philosophy of Cloud's book which suggests that adversity is not necessarily a roadblock but rather a potential source of growth. The paper then reviews Cloud's examples in the book, explaining how successful people are forward-looking, rather than backward-looking. In addition, the paper looks at Cloud's principles of succeeding in love and life which includes embracing imperfections and tolerance of the self and others' foibles.
Outline:
You: The Anecdotal Validity of Cloud's Approach
Look within
As Cloud says: Do (Something)
From the Paper "Cloud believes that it is essential to find support and role models from others, and within a community, something that it is part of a counselor's duty to provide as an individual, but also as part of a larger spiritual community. Cloud acknowledges that no person is an island, and support from the right people is a crucial part of achievement, a refreshing idea in today's individualistic times. It is an important reminder for the counselor, however to help an individual define his or her goals, and his or her definition of success, as well as ground those goals within the mission of the church and according to principles beyond the individual."
Abstract The paper discusses racism and colonialism which are the two pervading themes of the two modern theatrical pieces "Cloud Nine" and "Madame Butterfly". The paper notes that discrimination is the main subject of both plays. Cloud Nine thus imposes an approach that is known as the theater of cruelty, and which uses the body to inscribe its meanings and does not make use of representation. The paper comments that "Madame Butterfly" also targets discrimination, mainly by deconstructing whiteness as otherness. Both plays thus tackle stereotypical thinking and the 'white' point of view on race and gender.
From the Paper "The purpose of the author is obviously to unmask the Puritanical Victorian Age, with its narrow-minded and fixed class system, and its immovable gender roles. Sexual repression and racial discrimination were two of the most blatant features of the Victorian Age. Thus, Churchill achieves a powerful effect by either keeping the gender or the race of the characters in the scenic representation.
Tags: conformity, gender, hallucinatory, sexual, racial, identities, Victorian, society
