Abstract
This paper looks at five different medical topics: prostate cancer, diabetes mellitus, asthma, muscle contraction physiology and biochemistry, and blood clotting physiology and biochemistry. The paper discusses the characteristics and functions associated with each of these topics.

From the Paper
"Muscle contraction is accomplished by the contact between nerves and muscles at neuromuscular junctions, which act much like the synapses between neurons. The nerve impulse arrives at the end bulb of the neuron and chemical transmitters are released which diffuse across the neuromuscular cleft. The transmitter molecules react with receptor sites on the muscle membrane and increases the membrane permeability to sodium ions. Sodium then diffuses into the muscle cell and the membrane potential becomes less negative."

Tags:prostate cancer, diabetes mellitus, asthma, muscle contraction, blood clotting

Abstract
This paper studies the medical disorder called hemophilia, including definition, causes, symptoms and treatment. The paper shows that due to blood's inability to clot properly, the hemophiliac is vulnerable to a number of problems caused by excessive bleeding. The paper examines different types of hemophilia, ways to determine if a child is hemophiliac and how it restricts a person's life. The paper also discusses the future of hemophilia with the advent of better technology and medical research.

From the Paper
"Other researchers have been working on gene therapy for type B hemophilia. This has also showed promising early results (Jancin, 2000). They also used genetic coding, this time to produce factor IX. Again they used a virus to introduce a properly functioning gene. In this application of gene therapy, the goal is to cause muscle tissue to produce and release the needed clotting factor in large enough amounts to prevent bleeds (Jancin, 2000). Studies were done with mice and dogs before trying it with humans.
Researchers of course proceed cautiously with such research, and in the case of Factor IX, the researchers introduced such a small amount into patients that they expected no increase in the clotting factor. However, two of the three patients showed a significant rise in Factor IX at a clinically significant level: they had reduced need for intravenously provided clotting factor during the next year (Jancin, 2000)."

Tags:hemorrhage, HIV, antibodies

Abstract
The paper describes the composition of the circulatory system. The paper explores the common disorders associated with the circulatory system; arterial damage, inflammation and blood clots, hypertension and arterial aneurysms. The paper identifies common procedures and treatment for these disorders. The paper reveals that one of the most pervasive forms of preventative treatment for cardiovascular disease is lifestyle modification, especially a change in diet. The paper details angioplasty, coronary artery bypasses and anti-hypertensives.

Outline:
Make Up of the Circulatory System
Common Disorders Associated with the Circulatory System
Common Procedures and Treatment for the Disorders Identified

From the Paper
"The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, has several functions. These functions include: the transport of substances to and from the cells, maintenance of body temperature, and maintenance of pH as part of homeostasis. The circulatory system of all vertebrates, including humans, is a closed system, meaning the blood is not meant to leave the system. The primary components of the system are the heart, blood and blood vessels ("Circulatory System")."

Tags:aneurysm, blood, vessels, arteries, veins, clots, stroke

Abstract
The paper reveals that Deep Vein Thrombosis strikes more than 1000 adults per year, and DVT causes pain, suffering and death if not diagnosed and treated correctly. The paper explains that DVT consists of blood clots in the pelvic area, legs and/or upper extremities, and DVT becomes deadly when the blood clot breaks off from the vein and lodges in the lung arteries. The paper reveals that DVT is often a silent killer that is treated as pneumonia, heart attack and anxiety (Goldhaber and Fanikos, 2004).

From the Paper
"Deep Vein Thrombosis strikes more than 1000 adults per year. DVT causes pain, suffering and death if not diagnosed and treated correctly. DVT consists of blood clots in the pelvic area, legs and/or upper extremities. DVT becomes deadly when the blood clot breaks off from the vein and lodges in the lung arteries. DVT is often a silent killer that is treated as pneumonia, heart attack and anxiety (Goldhaber and Fanikos, 2004). Awareness is the best way to treat DVT. Lifestyle changes are needed even before diagnosis of DVT to create a safer higher quality of life. Preventing DVT is a better way of eliminating the risks of the disease..."

Tags:prevention, of, dvt

Abstract
This paper investigates the many different roles that leeches can play in the medical field. Some of the topics covered include the history of their use, their role in assisting blood clotting and surgery and their use in helping to stem blood loss during surgery to repair a lost of damaged limb. The author uses several different studies and case histories to illustrate his thesis.

From the Paper
"The Hirudo Medicinalis leech has demonstrated exceptional usefulness to medicine and health care, particularly in the plastic and reconstructive surgery fields, where torn tissues require time for delicate repair procedures (Concannon), but which is prevented by normal blood clotting. An adult leech placed on the clot will devour it up to five times its body within half an hour. When it has sucked enough, it falls off and fresh blood oozes out of the bite wound for as long as 10 hours (Did You Know?), long enough to allow the surgeon to perform procedures that will save that body part. The leeches' hirudin inhibits blood clotting while the parasites suck and likewise renders the sucked part insensitive by its anesthetic properties. An adult leech can also take in up to 15 ml of blood, which is 10 times its average body weight (Biophram). It can also survive for a full year without needing additional feeding or sucking."

Tags:anticoagulant, anesthetic, properties, surgeons, barbers, blood, clots, feed, replantation, surgery, hirudo, mdicinalis, health, care, trauma, tissue, reconstruction, concannon, antibiotics

Abstract
This paper looks at the most common genetic bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease, which affects roughly 3 percent of the world's population including all genders and races and which is determined by a gene on chromosome 12, although occasionally it occurs as a new mutation. It discusses how hemophilia is due to either a low level of one of the clotting factors, or a completely missing clotting factor, which essentially means that it takes a long time for the blood to clot after an accident or injury. It looks at how its major signs and symptoms are bleeding and bruising. The paper also examines treatment options such as replacement therapy, home-infusion therapy and the use of aminocaproic acid.

From the Paper
"Hemophilia is due to either a low level of one of the clotting factors, or a clotting factor is completely missing, which essentially means that it takes a long time for the blood to clot after an accident or injury (Hemophilia 2006). The clotting process, also called blood coagulation, is the body's response to bleeding that keeps it from losing too much blood, which can be life threatening and/or cause damage to the internal organs (Hemophilia 2006). These clotting factors are proteins in the blood that work with platelets to help the blood to clot, thus when blood vessels are damaged, the clotting factors help the platelets adhere together to basically plug cuts and breaks at the injury site (Hemophilia 2006). "

Tags:blood, coagulation, aminocaproic, acid, platelets, clotting

Abstract
This paper looks at the blood, and at the various cells of which it is composed. It looks at the properties of white cells, and the mechanism of homeostasis. It also looks at how overgrowth of a blood clot is prevented naturally, and examines two undesirable conditions of intra-vascular blood clotting.

Tags:blood cells, blood clotting

Abstract
This paper explains that recent studies have associated positively DVT or deep vein thrombosis with internet usage, gaming and internet cafes, indicating that there might be severe risks associated with extended computer use without exercise. The author points out that deep vein thrombosis is generally caused by a thickening of blood in the veins, which can be life-threatening when a clot is formed that can travel to the heart or other vital organs. The paper states that the objectives of the study are (1) to ascertain the relationship of computer usage and the role that internet cafes play in the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (2) to discover ways to alleviate and prevent DVT and (3) to take into account other variables, such as obesity, blood diseases that lead to clotting, smoking and a family history of DVT.

From the Paper
"This study is particularly pertinent to the Asian Internet cafes and community situation as countries like Korea have become the center of the online gaming community. "If Japan is the hub of the console industry, then neighboring South Korea is the hub of the online gaming industry - most notably, the massively multiplayer online gaming industry." In this regard Korea is known as the world's "most wired society" and the amount of tie spent on online gaming is very high, making it a country where rates of DVT can be expected to increase."

Tags:air-travel, sitting, relationship, factors, objectives

Abstract
This essay describes leukemia as a cancer that affects the blood production in bone marrow and the role that stem cells place in the growth of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (which are clotting agents). The essay then considers three approaches to treatment of acute leukemia, and explores alternative treatments at the micro-cellular level as the most promising method of curing leukemic cancer.

Tags:leukemia, alternative, treatments

Abstract
The Ginkgo Biloba tree is the oldest tree species known to man with fossil records date back to when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Today, the extract of the dried leaves is popular for use as a dietary supplement for the brain and heart. Ginkgo extract is thought to improve blood circulation and memory and prevent blood clotting. The leaves are also used as tea to soothe a variety of ailments. This paper gives a brief historical description including the characteristics of the Ginkgo tree that will detail the Ginkgo tree and its importance in today's society.

From the Paper
"The Ginkgo tree is unique in many ways. It is so different from any other living tree that it must be classified in a separate order. The Ginkgo biloba probably no longer exists in a truly wild state. It has been found growing freely over some ten square miles near Changhua Hsien in the Chekiang province of China, but it is uncertain whether these trees are the remains of an ancient forest or not. It is a sacred tree in the Far East, where it is commonly planted in the grounds of temples and palaces. In some of the grounds of the temples there are specimens that are said to be over 1,000 years old. It's preservation in China, Korea, Manchuria, and Japan is probably due to the interest taken in it by the Buddhist priests whose interest in the tree saved it from becoming extinct."

Tags:biloba, botany, brain, heart, herbs, history, memory, tea, priests