Abstract
This paper explores the concepts of carbon and ecological neutrality, the ecological footprint and the carbon footprint. The paper first explains how these concepts are measured. The paper then discusses solutions to reduce the levels of carbon emissions while decreasing mankind's overall ecological footprint.

Outline:
Carbon Neutral and the Footprint of Humanity
The Carbon and Ecological Footprint
Solutions to Reduce the Damage to the Environment

From the Paper
"The concept of being carbon neutral means to not damage the environment through Co2 emissions, which may be accomplished in two ways. One is to do absolutely no polluting; however in modern society this is not particularly possible, with the other being to match destruction with reduction, thus balancing things out. This concept however is founded upon the concepts of the footprints made by humanity. The human race is a population of consumers in every sense. All opportunities to utilize something towards progress or profit are capitalized upon. The earth as well as the population is harvested for its value, taking it and placing it upon the open market in the endless pursuit of capital generation. In tandem with this mass consumption is also heavy waste, as not all resources are infinite, and particular ways of life are not geared towards conservation."

Tags:ecological, footprint, fossil, fuels, energy, emissions

Abstract
This paper reviews an article written by a prisoner at a Dutch internment camp during World War One in order to demonstrate that Holland practiced true neutrality during the war.

Abstract
This paper looks at a "Journal of Marriage and Family" article, 'Post-Divorce Father-Adolescent Closeness', which reports a study by Scott, Booth, King and Johnson that takes a long-term developmental approach to understanding stability and change in the post-divorce closeness of the relationship between father and adolescent. The paper points out that the study was based on a nationally representative survey of high school and middle school students in the United States called the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The paper concludes that the study confirms the importance of father-child closeness especially for a positive outcome after divorce.

Table of Contents:
What is This Study Explaining?
Methodology
Is the Study Worthwhile?

From the Paper
"Historically fathers' involvement with children has increased in recent decades; mothers continue to do the majority of child care. Mothers tend to be more temporally and emotionally involved with their children than fathers. Few fathers share the primary parenting role with mothers. Another trend is an increase in the awarding of joint legal and more rarely, physical custody to the father. Legal and physical custody arrangements in the divorce decree often do not match the reality of what happens or where children actually wind up living."

Tags:long-term, stability, custody, interdependence, model

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss Turkey during the Second World War, focusing upon how Turkish leaders kept their country neutral. The first part of the paper will present a background of Turkey's geopolitical position in the middle of the Twentieth Century; the second part of the paper will examine the role played by Turkey in the Second World War.

Centrally located in the Near East and controlling the only waterway connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey was both an asset and an obstacle in the Allied and Axis strategic plans.. At the beginning of the war the Turkish government maintained diplomatic relations with both sides, asserting its position as being strictly neutral. Both sides wanted control of the Straits and a presence in the Balkans. The British ... "

Abstract
This paper focuses on Switzerland's foreign policy of armed neutrality during the 20th century. It details why the Swiss have remained neutral and why they have been successful in maintaining this policy when most countries were engaged in war. Switzerland remained neutral during both world wars in the 20th century because of their strong army, geographical advantages, strong will to enforce and protect their foreign policy and the benefits that their neutrality provides for other countries.

From the Paper
"Switzerland has always turned to its army to protect its foreign policy and has one of the strongest armies considering its small size. Switzerland has more weapons per square mile than any other nation in Europe (Levy 66). Service in the military is universal and obligatory for all able-bodied male citizens (Milivojevic 25). Men from ages twenty to fifty must first attend initial training and then refresher training a few weeks per year (27). During peacetime, the army has 1500 regular troops, 18500 recruits, and 625,000 reserves (25). In addition to its large size, Switzerland is able to mobilize all of their troops in less than forty-eight hours (Meier 34)."

Tags:Congress, of, Vienna, Heinz, Meier, Simplon, Pass

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth examination of Switzerland, its government, people and international outlook. Several issues particular to Switzerland, such as its policy of neutrality, are closely considered. First, the paper describes the history of the nation and the ethnic mix of its people. Then, it discusses the government system, which is known as a federal system. The Swiss military and its armaments and policies as well as its relationship to the Swiss people is also discussed. This includes a look at recent reforms in the Swiss military system. Finally, the paper addresses the Swiss policy of neutrality. According to the paper, this policy has been a means of protecting Swiss independence and security. Additionally the paper cites that Switzerland uses neutrality as a foreign-policy tool to keep pace with world developments and get a better perspective of these developments. The paper concludes by showing how Switzerland interacts with the other neutral countries in Europe.


Outline:

The Swiss Republic and its Federal System
The Swiss Military
The Swiss Military and the Citizens
Reforms in the Swiss Military: to Promote Swiss Interests
The Concept and Law of Neutrality

From the Paper
" Switzerland is a neutralist federal republic, guided by its own constitution (Heatwole 2009). It was adopted in 1874 and, since then, was amended many times. Its political system combines direct and indirect democracy with the principle of federalism. Under this principle, sub-national units of government are given vast powers. Sovereign power belongs to the people. They elect representatives and create laws directly through referendums. Citizens, 18 years old and older, are eligible to vote. The federalist system empowers the cantons and half-cantons with the powers of government. These include the power to declare war and make peace; sign treaties and alliances; to train, recruit for, and direct the armed forces; and to regulate foreign commerce. Cantons and communes are empowered to impose taxes. The federal government also builds roads, railroads and communications, hydroelectric power, and regulates higher education and labor. The cantons can create a wide range of policies and enjoy a high level of autonomy (Heatwole). The Swiss Constitution was intended to balance the interests of the State as a whole with those of the individual cantons."

Tags:cantons, ethnic mix, neutrality, European Union

Abstract
The paper looks at how Robert Sibley, in "The Fall of Manhood", discusses the unwanted effects of social change producing gender neutrality, and describes reactions to feminism linked closely to male violence and other 'barbarism'. The paper explores the faults in this argument, and ventures a conceptual question and discussion... "if our current society and culture produces male violence, then why were males violent, before?"

From the Paper
"Robert Sibley explained his views to Leon Craig in this excerpt showing a series of poorly reasoned claims. Sibley blames feminism for having confused male roles towards unwanted results in society. This pattern prevails through the entire article through to a conclusion suggesting that women enjoy unfair advantages in society and that the result is none other than male violence that Sibley seems to feel is to be expected, if..."

Tags:sibley, fall of manhood, logic

Abstract
The paper discusses Switzerland's close relationship with the United States and looks at Switzerland after 1945. The paper focuses on two historical topics about Switzerland; the Washington Agreement that gave the Allied powers 250 million Swiss francs of German foreign assets for the reconstruction of Europe and transmigration that was central to the Swiss refugee policy until 1954. The paper discusses the successes of Switzerland as well as their greatest problem today, that of the billions deposited in Swiss banks during World War II that are believed to belong to victims of the Jewish Holocaust.

Outline:
Switzerland's Relationship with the United States
Switzerland in the Late 20th Century (Post-1945)
2 Historical Topics about Switzerland
Switzerland's Greatest Success
Switzerland's Greatest Problem Today

From the Paper
"The two countries enjoy a close relationship at varying levels (Merz 2005). Statistics state that more than 20,000 or 10% of all Swiss living abroad live in the USA. On the other hand, 20,000 Americans live in Switzerland. Switzerland is one of the six biggest investors in the USA, while Switzerland is the top fourth recipient of US foreign direct investment. Approximately 430,000 Americans are employed by 600 Swiss companies throughout the USA. In response, 650 US companies in Switzerland employ 67,000 Swiss. Next only to Germany, the US is Switzerland's biggest export market. The US receives 10% of its exports, valued at CHF 14.2 billion. In the meantime, US products are in fourth rank among Swiss imports (Merz)."

Tags:transmigration, Washington, Agreement, bank, accounts, assets, Allies, Germans, neutrality

Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews the book "A Theology as Big as the City" by Raymond Bakke. The paper discusses Bakke's inspiration for his book and his perception of how cooperation and working together can neutralize the negative aspects of cities. The paper explains Bakke's reasons for moving him and his family to the city and describes how Bakke relates the individual books in the Bible to that of the city. In closing, the paper adds that, although readers of Bakke's book might get a negative feeling from Bakke and his views on how a city can be integrated with theology and religion, Bakke's ultimate goal was to stress the importance of an appropriate attitude towards ministry in the city by showing how diverse God's work can be.

From the Paper
"Once Bakke's views are capable of being seen and understood, one can start to realize his real agenda behind moving to the city. Bakke plans to bring the communities within the cities together through its programs and people, and although both are putting forth an effort to make a difference, the cultural barriers is what ultimately separates groups, and therefore communities. It's no question that change is hard work, but to Bakke, its how one comes to change someone or something that affects the city and its surroundings. By looking for the solutions and not the problems, Bakke's perspective about the city in his book starts to take form."

Tags:religion, lifestyle

Abstract
This paper discusses three separate counseling case studies and examines ethical dilemmas, real or imagined, within the context of situational circumstances in which the typical therapist might find him or herself during the course of ongoing counseling with clients. The paper relates that the outcome is that only one case, the one related to propinquity, offers any concrete professional ethics related dilemma while the other two cases can be effectively dealt with through appropriate counseling techniques.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Case Vignettes
Unanticipated Propinquity
Afsoneh
Kate

From the Paper
"Kate's experience and recounting of her divorce proceedings with her therapist reveal, to one degree or another, a certain degree of uncertainty avoidance on her part which implies that she is, at least in part, responsible for her husband's confusion regarding the divorce. Since Kate announced that she wanted a divorce, retained a law firm but continued to live with her husband and, essentially, to act in the same manner as before, it is reasonable to expect that her husband might be confused regarding the divorce itself."

Tags:closeness neutrality, parental expectations, listening recounting children