Abstract
In this paper, the writer studies the cinematography elements in 'Casablanca'. The writer discusses that the lighting on Bergman's face reveals her role as the central female romantic interest, as Curtiz often has her face framed in close up shots that define her beauty and seductive power. Also, the writer notes that the low-key illumination of light and shadow of the film reflect the classical film noir style that often provided sharp contrast that reflected the characters in the film often-turbulent relationships.

Tags:film, cinema

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Alfred Hitchcock, one of the most highly influential film directors and producers of all time, was known mostly for his unique use of film techniques. The writer notes that some of these techniques consist of Hitchcock's personification of the camera, the use of close-up shots, the point of view of the character, the use of humor, creating tension, as well as the use of sound. The writer then points out that these techniques are used throughout Hitchcock's 1936 film, "Sabotage". The writer maintains that the application of these techniques is what made him so widely known. The writer concludes that in the film "Sabotage", Hitchcock's techniques were successful in intriguing his viewers and keeping them in a constant state of suspense.

From the Paper
"One of Hitchcock's most famous techniques is the idea that the camera is not only just a camera, but also a camera taking on human qualities. Hitchcock, when shooting his films, would make the camera act as though it were the eyes of the viewer. The camera is playfully used almost as if it were a detective trying to figure out a crime. This keeps the audience intrigued and also allows the audience to uncover the mystery. This technique is seen in the film, "Sabotage" during the first scene where the lights have gone out and the two men find sand in the machine."

Tags:distinctive, producer, director, camera

Abstract
This paper examines the documentary film 'Seven Up!' The writer considers whether the film presents the true voices of the children involved and what they actually think and feel. The writer also examines the way in which children and childhood are presented by the film and the importance of the film in terms of developing our understanding of childhood.

From the Paper
"The paper will argue that the film does not present the true voices of children but rather how these voices are shaped and influenced thought the children's environments and their social and economic status. Furthermore, the film set out not to study the children and childhood but rather the future adults that these children will grow into."

Tags:seven, up, childhood, children

Abstract
The paper is written in two parts; a grammatical analysis of Tolkien's, "The Silmarillion," and a close read and critical analysis of Tolkien's, "The Silmarillion." In the grammatical analysis portion of the paper, Tolkien's use of grammar, semantics, and rhetorical use of words and phrases is discussed. The paper also discusses the way Tolkien uses appositions to help enforce the solidarity of the information he is providing and that Tolkien tells his story in chronological order. Additionally, the paper analyzes the way Tolkien often uses archaic language in this text and how some would consider Tolkien's language to be dated. In the close read and critical analysis portion of the paper, "The Silmarillion" is described as a story that is not ordinary because it is a collection of stories. The paper describes how the book is divided into three parts; the Ainulindale and the Valaquenta, the Quenta Silmarillion and the Akallabeth.

Table of Contents:
Grammatical Analysis
Close Reading/Critical Analysis
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Tolkien's use of grammar, semantics, and rhetorical use of words and phrases deliberately sets a tone in this work. He uses the grammar to construct a tone that rhetorically directs the audience to think of the writing that is done in history books as well as the Biblical style of writing. He establishes a factual basis in his narrative by his use of appositions, description of time, archaic and dated language, and being verbs in conjunction with the switching of tense."

Tags:semantics, rhetorical, words, phrases

Abstract
A close reading of a passage is different than analyzing a portion of text, yet it is similar in many ways. "The candles dropped hot, acrid gouts of wax on my bare shoulders. I watched with my furious cynicism peculiar to women whom circumstances force mutely to witness folly, while my father, fired in his desperation by more and yet more draughts of the fire water they call "grappa", rids himself of the last scraps of my inheritance. When we left Russia, we owned black earth, blue forest with bear and wild boar, serfs, cornfields, farmyards, my beloved horses, white nights of cool summer, the fireworks of the northern lights. What a burden all those possessions must have been to him, because he laughs as if with glee as he beggars himself; he is in such a passion to donate all to The Beast." This paper does a close reading of the above text. It discusses punctuation, diction, features of sound, sentence types, and the sense the speaker gives to the passage.

Abstract
This paper considers whether Canada may be too closely alligned with the United States, particularly from a military and economic point of view. The paper further points out that although it is tempting to view Canada as being in a dangerously dependent position relative to the United States of America, the simple reality is that Canada needs those close ties with America. These reasons are detailed.

From the Paper
"This paper looks at whether or not Canada may be properly considered as being far too close an ally of the United States - at least from a military and economic point of view. Although it is tempting to view Canada as being in a dangerously dependent position relative to the United States of America, the simple reality is that Canada needs those close ties with America. For one thing, although Canada is obviously a junior partner in NORAD and NATO, and although Canada appears to often engage in joint military exercises with US forces, the simple reality is that such military integration and alignment is necessary: at this paper is being..."

Tags:canada, united, states

Abstract
This paper introduces, summarizes and critiques Roberta Seid's article, "Too 'Close to the Bone': The Historical Context for Women's Obsession with Slenderness." The paper analyzes Seid's contention that women have equated extreme thinness with beauty and self worth and takes a look at the health dangers posed by this obsession.

From the Paper
"In her article "Too Close to the Bone: The Historical Context for Women's Obsession with Slenderness", Roberta Seid offers an interesting analysis of the way in which American women have grown to equate extreme skinniness with beauty and self-worth. Indeed Seid suggests that our'religion' of thinness has given rise to an epidemic of fat phobia. As a result, today's women now believe that skin-and-bones thinness is the physical ideal which must be met in order to be considered beautiful, regardless of the health dangers that it poses to..."

Tags:seid, slenderness, thinness, eating disorder, fat, phobia, body image, obesity

Abstract
The paper examines Roman Polanski's portrayal of Act 1 Scene 7 in Shakespeare's "Macbeth" where, whilst plagued with fear and self-doubt, Macbeth is seen being driven by his wife towards his greatest betrayal as she attacks the very notion of his masculinity. The paper critically analyzes the director's casting choice for lead characters, his continual use of camera close ups and voice-overs and the musical scores. The paper highlights the text that is deleted, the purpose behind the omissions, and how they are substituted by an overwhelming array of visual and aural images.

From the Paper
"The film scene being analysed relates to Act 1 Scene 7 in Shakespeare's text, the climax to the first act where, whilst plagued with fear and self-doubt, Macbeth is seen being driven by his wife towards his greatest betrayal as she attacks the very notion of his masculinity. A crucial element to the success of this scene is the director's casting choice for lead characters. Polanski decided that there was no textual reason for following the tradition of casting older actors in the roles. Youth, he felt, added plausibility to the theme of ambition (eofftv:1971). Being inexperienced, with their lives ahead of them, a young Macbeth and Lady Macbeth would have much at stake in their manipulations, and the drama would acquire new resonance. Polanski's emphasis on the conflict between age and usurping youth was, arguably, a device employed to make the film of interest to a younger audience and surely his choice of the handsome twenty-eight year-old Jon Finch, as Macbeth, achieves just that. With his brooding gaze, intense delivery and impressive command of the text, Finch convincingly creates the image of a youthful man in perpetual torment."

Tags:characters, camera, music, images, shots

Abstract
This paper explains that the film "Good Night and Good Luck" is a social commentary and biography of 1950s era CBS television newsman Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965), and the period of the "McCarthy Years". The author points out that the transitions between film shots and real footage was made excellent because both the entire film and the real footage are in black and white and almost always the people inside the CBS studio itself are seen looking at television monitors where this footage is playing. The paper relates that the film was effective visually as a depiction of the 1950s because it was shot it entirely in black and white (as there was no color television in the 1950s), the 1950s-era costumes, the prevalence of cigarette smoke inside the workplace, the 1950s jazz instrumental and vocal music and the overall stark, "no frills" atmosphere of this era and setting.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: A Background History of the Film
Beginning Credits
Lead-in Shots, Techniques, and Attraction of Audience Interest Sequencing of Scenes and Episodes from a Visual Standpoint
Color Scheme and Motifs
Costume Design. Music: How Does Music Support the Visuals? Recurring Visual Motifs and Symbols
A Scene with Only a Little Dialog Dependent on Visuals
The Most Memorable Scene
Camera work: Close ups? Distance shots? Unusual Angles?
Closing Scenes
Observations

From the Paper
"The credits at the beginning of "Good Night and Good Luck" appear, interspersed with various lead-in shots of newsmen dressed in 1950's era tuxedos and smoking cigarettes, along with a few women in evening dress, waiting for a speech by Edward R. Murrow. The credits are not given all at once, but rather, mixed in, at evenly-timed short intervals, among the opening shots. The opening credits are not extensive, but mention only the director, producer, and a few others. When these few credits are over, then, wed are already involved in the lead in action of the movie, ..."

Tags:murrow, black-white, mccarthy, cbs, voice

Abstract
This paper explains that the film "Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery" was inspired by a slew of sixties spy movies including the James Bond films. The author points out that most of Mike Myers inspiration came from the spy spoofs "Helm Series" produced by Columbia Pictures and loosely based on Donald Hamilton's novels. The paper explains that, in the part described by the author, the producers purposely switched the female character with a male character just after Austin hits the woman, setting the stage for the classic good versus evil theme of the film. The author underscores that the costumes play a huge role in the film with Austin dressing a bit on the feminine side, unlike the masculine 007 Sean Connery. The paper concludes that the film seems to reinforce stereotypes of men and woman in both space and time.

From the Paper
"The scene I will look at is at the five minute and 18 second mark. It is in the beginning of the second chapter. The atmosphere is electric because Austin is at a club called the Electric Psychedelic Pussycat Swingers Club. Pink Floyd himself would be proud of the colors mixed in at the club. Lighting is very high for a club. The only effects are the different colors and shapes of light to signify a psychedelic mind-tripping club, which was typical in the sixties. The music was The Strawberry Alarm Clock "Incense and Peppermints" which are from southern California and was popular in 1967."

Tags:photographer, altercation, sex symbol, close-up shots, costume