Abstract This paper explains that glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that gradually steals sight without warning and often without symptoms; vision loss is caused by damage to the optic nerve because the eye's drainage canals become clogged over time and the inner eye pressure (also called intra-ocular pressure or IOP) rises because the correct amount of fluid can't drain out of the eye. The author describes several types of glaucoma: Open angle, angle closure, secondary, normal tension (also known as low tension or normal pressure glaucoma) and pigmentary. The paper stresses that early detection, through regular and complete eye exams, including two routine eye tests tonometry and ophthalmoscopy, is the key to protecting vision from damage caused by glaucoma.
From the Paper "Angle closure Glaucoma is rarer and is very different from open angle glaucoma. In this case, the eye pressure usually goes up very fast. This happens when the drainage canals get blocked or covered over, like clog in a sink when something is covering the drain. With angle closure glaucoma, the iris and cornea is not as wide and open as it should be. The outer edge of the iris bunches up over the drainage canals, when the pupil enlarges too much or too quickly. This can happen when entering a dark room."
Abstract As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreign aid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush's conservative political philosophy effects foreign aid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreign aid disbursements.
From the Paper "To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was "official development assistance" to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for "other government assistance" to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations "friendly" to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign "aid" is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
This paper discusses the problems of urbanization, industrialization, and housing security in China and India as their populations immigrate from rural to urban areas.
Abstract This paper explains that the spectacular growth and development of the urban habitation over the past 16 years is just the beginning of a gigantic phase of extension. The author points out that China's ecological problems from the speedy urbanization and industrialization process in the recent decades generate social effects, causing a great deal of harm to human health, instigating economic and welfare suffering, and harming the environment in both urban and rural areas of China. The paper relates that, because of increasing industrialization and urbanization, the majority of the Indian cities have exceedingly compact habitation that results in overcrowding, clogging, obstruction, traffic jams, air pollution, noise pollution, as well as major deficiencies of vital requirements and necessities of life
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on China
Ecological Problems in Urban China
The Problem of Water and Cleanliness in Urban China
The Problem of Clearance of Waste-Water in Urban China
The Problem of Air Pollution in Urban China
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on India
Conclusion
From the Paper "The velocity of urbanization and industrialization was extremely slow prior to the late 1970s when contrasted with other developing states. The proportion of urban inhabitants was 11.2 in 1950, and still barely 17.9 by 1978. This low degree of urbanization had been the consequence from purposeful procedures of restraining rural-urban immigration and urban increase. Economic restructurings have since accelerated the industrialization and urbanization procedures. Large numerals of towns, as well as, cities have surfaced, at the same time as old cities are quickly increasing their managerial spheres."
Abstract The paper explains that the Rockefeller Drug Laws of the 1970s set mandatory prison sentences for unlawful possession and sale of drugs using the weight of the involved drug as the key factor in determining the length of the sentence: The judges can't consider the person's character or background, if they are violent or nonviolent, a first time or a repeat offender and the criminal can't receive parole after serving the minimum time, which is 8 or 15 years. The author points out that the New York State Catholic Conference and many other organizations are calling for a change these laws by changing in the sentences, restoring judicial discretion, increasing treatment alertness and adjusting prior convictions. The paper stresses that the drug problems of prior decades are still here because no law can stop drug addicts from getting the drugs he or she needs; the growing population of drug dealers, which are clogging the prisons, won't stop if the Rockefeller Drug Laws remain active.
From the Paper "Anthony Papa was a man who was struggling to make ends meet. He had a shop in the Bronx and business was not going well. He had to provide for his wife and child. He was desperate for cash and word spread to the neighborhood drug dealer. The drug dealer wanted Anthony to deliver an envelope that contained 4 ounces of cocaine. At first Anthony didn't want to do it, but he convinced himself and did the delivery. To Anthony's surprise, his delivery was to an undercover drug operation. Then Anthony was sentenced 15 years to life in Sing Sing prison. This example shows how ineffective the law was. When Anthony was given a sentence of death, the drug dealer received a shorter sentence because he cooperated with the police. Anthony was just the drug dealer's pawn and went to serve painstaking time for his first criminal offence."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that to improve consumer relationships and gain an advantage over its competitors, a company may address any or all of the following areas: process design, distribution channels, branding, advertising strategies, or simply change the product that is offered. The writer looks at hospitals in comparison to McDonald's and notes that because both companies provide such different services, it might be assumed that hospitals and McDonald's would adopt very different strategies in all of the above areas when dealing with organizational waste. After all, McDonald's sells artery-clogging burgers while hospitals are responsible for the well-being of their patients. Furthermore, the writer points out that McDonald's is a commercial venture, offering a service that consumers expect to be consumed quickly and easily, while patients expect more personalized attention from organizations such as hospitals. However, when reforming problematic and costly lags in providing care for their core consumers, both McDonald's and hospitals have come to a similar discovery. The writer maintains that both have found that placing consumers in the driver's seats, and making individual needs, rather than predetermined standard operating procedures the most important aspect of the organization's method of service, can be the most effective way to implement change.
From the Paper "Thus, McDonald's learned from its competition, and created a made-to-order system, whereby sandwich ingredients were assembled, but sandwiches were not prepared until an order was actually submitted by a customer. This allowed for more product variation and prevented declines in quality during the day, and it also allowed for more flexibility in different markets. The food did not rest for long periods of time, and because consumer customization was expected, the time to service an individual customer actually decreased, rather than increased. Thus McDonald's shifted to a 'pull' system, originally perfected by Burger King, the architects of the slogan that the chain would do it 'your way,' as opposed to the more generic, family-focused advertising of McDonald. Of course, McDonald's was quiet about its adoption of its rival's processing innovation. McDonald's might argue that in terms of its philosophy, essentially, McDonald's was putting its customers first and viewing them individual customers rather than as projected statistics plotted on a demand curve."
