Abstract
This paper looks at the Newtonian Universe, laws of gravity, the development of calculus, the laws of motion and the idea of the clockwork universe.

From the Paper
"Sir Isaac Newton was considered by many the most important figure in the development of modern science, and his accomplishments covered a broad scope, from fundamental contributions to physics and astronomy, to the invention in parallel with Liebnitz of the mathematical field of calculus and Newtonian mechanics which came to be regarded as the ultimate explanatory science. Sir Isaac Newton changed the understanding of the universe with his three laws of motion."

Tags:gravity, clockwork universe, calculus, laws of motion

Abstract
The attitudes toward criminal law reflected in "Clockwork Orange" by Anthony Burgess.

Tags:clockwork, orange

Abstract
This paper discusses what the universe is made up of, its age, how stars are formed and what is the future of our solar system. It discusses the history of the exploration of the universe. The author explains how In this century large telescopes are set up, far away from city lights and traffic to gather the best data for studying the skies. A brief overview of the theories on the origin of the universe is also given. The author concludes that although new theories are constantly being proposed and science is constantly to answer the question "Where did we come from?" , until now, no answer has satisfied everyone.

From the Paper
"Man's fascination with the heavens is as old as recorded history itself. Astronomers from all civilizations medieval to the present times carefully observed the stars and their relative position in the night sky. Even in the medieval times, astronomers universally observed two features: that stars tended to drift westward with each passing night; and, despite this apparent movement, stars were always in a fixed position relative to each other. Anything that man could not explain, ending up fascinating him as did the stars. It has been stated that when man loses his desire to explore the unknown, the human race will have sounded its own death knell."

Tags:universe, astronomy, stars, westward, observations, fixed, position

Abstract
This paper answers questions about the universe: the significance of the Hubble Law, the truth and fallacies of the Big Bang theory, how we can look back by looking into space, and whether the universe will expand forever.

From the Paper
"The significance of Hubble's Law is that it allowed the calculation of an estimate of the value of the expansion of the universe. The Hubble Constant is not entirely accurate but is generally accepted to be the rate of expansion, and demonstrates that the dominant motion in the universe can be fit to an equation."

Tags:Big Bang, expanding universe

Abstract
This paper examines an article by Oliver Sacks and one by Charles Darwin, comparing and contrasting their ideas regarding the universe and organisms.

From the Paper
"The process of natural selection as advanced by Charles Darwin and the concept of evolution as defined by Oliver Sacks have something foundational in common both are admittedly theories not intended to be scientific fact but to stimulate scientific thought and research. Other than this broad similarity however the two articles are not readily comparable given that Sacks' article discusses the origin of life which would have been comparable to another of Darwin's works, Origin of Species, while Darwin's article talks ..."

Tags:universe, organism, Sacks, Darwin, natural selection

Abstract
This paper examines two great works, "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens and "A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony Burgess, as novels that fall under the Bildungsroman genre, which is a genre of novel that deals with the growth of the protagonist. The paper explains that the Bildungsroman novel chronicles the life of the hero from childhood to adulthood and the conflict that he meets and resolves on his way to wisdom. The paper then points out that some novels come under the umbrella of Bildungsroman but may contain few deviations such as Burgess' "A Clockwork Orange" and Dickens' "Great Expectations". The paper also looks at how compared to "A Clockwork Orange", "Great Expectations" is certainly a more conformist form of Bildungsroman but the one place where it deviates from tradition is the choice of narrator. The paper analyzes each novel in relation to Bildungsroman, and concludes that both novels are masterpieces in their own right, but Dickens's work is a better example of a true English Bildungsroman than Burgess' work.

From the Paper
"Dickens has used an adult voice to narrate the experiences of a child which is starkly different from other examples of the genre where narrator is either a third person or is the protagonist himself who grows with the novel. Buckley, in his book, Seasons of Youth explains the origin of Bildungsroman and its three distinct categories. He further adds that English Bildungsroman tradition was different from that of German's since the former was "in its broadest sense . . . a convenient synonym for the novel of youth or apprenticeship" (13). Buckley's intensive research indicates that English bildungsroman was not always completely autobiographical."

Tags:protagonist, drama, narrator, conformist

Abstract
This paper explores early feminist readings of Stanley Kubrick's film, "A Clockwork Orange", and, in examining their dismissal of the film for its supposed misogyny and anti-feminist message, shows that the film's ultimate "message" may in fact be a lot more subversive than early feminist readings would attest to. The paper maintains that Kubrick is showing us a rather extreme, aestheticized reflection of the relations between men and women in society, as the artist perceived them. What "A Clockwork Orange", then, presents us with is an aestheticized version of violence that comes about not merely as a means of social control, but as the result of relations between men and women that have been strictly codified by norms of gender that are then left unquestioned.

From the Paper
"Rather than beginning by exploring the role that women play in "A Clockwork Orange", I would like to ask another question that is more pointed: What role does feminism play in "A Clockwork Orange"? Before we begin to answer that question, a brief overview of the film's plot: "A Clockwork Orange" follows the misadventures of a gang of young male hoodlums, or "droogs," led by anti-hero Alex. The gang's sole pleasures include "ultraviolence," listening to classical music - especially Beethoven, and raping women."

Tags:misogyny critics droogs anticulture, phallic symbol

Abstract
The novel, "A Clockwork Orange," by Anthony Burgess, is quite intriguing and also a little strange. It speaks of a world where violence lurks just around the corner and where large amounts of crime take place on a nightly basis. In this story, some people simply seem to do as they please without questioning whether their actions are right or wrong. This does not just occur in the story, but it also happens in real life. This is so because people have the power to choose. In other words, people have free will. Along with the power to choose, people also possess flaws in their character, which can have a very negative affect on a person's life. This paper discusses how Anthony Burgess's "A Clockwork Orange" is a story about a boy and his downfall, overconfidence, love of classical music, and the importance of free will.

From the Paper
"The narrator's second downfall, which becomes obvious by the end of this passage and chapter, is his love for classical music. When Alex is inside the old woman's house, he suddenly sees a bust of "Ludwig van himself," which becomes the sole focus of his attention for a moment (Orange 62). This shows how the protagonist's passion for music distracts him so much that he slips on the milk saucers and falls down. When this happens, the old lady takes her chance and begins to hit him. The struggle between Alex and the old woman gives the police enough time to arrive and for Alex to be arrested. This is a perfect example, and there are many more throughout the story, of how the narrator's love of music disrupts what he is trying to accomplish. This particular downfall is partially the reason he ends up in prison."

Tags:Ludovico's, Technique, Alex

Abstract
This paper discusses how on the surface, the two movies "Sleeper" and "A Clockwork Orange" have absolutely nothing in common. One is a comedy fraught with amusing skits, while the other lacks any such light moments and is not an easy movie to watch. However, this paper shows that both movies are unarguably political in nature, and their themes are darker than they appear to be. They deal with subjects that are at once controversial and significant. What the government tells us may not always be true, and "politics is indeed a dirty game", are the two important themes that emerge from "Sleeper" and "A Clockwork Orange".

From the Paper
"There is an element of deception in illustration of stories, which might make the movies appear simpler than they actually are but for regular moviegoers, it is easy to unearth the darker undertones. For some odd reason, both movies leave you with a negative feeling and a heavy heart despite Allen's movie being a comedy. Its slapstick humor fails to remove the thick clouds of political messages that are bombarded at the viewer and similarly Clockwork Orange doesn't even attempt to mitigate the heavy impact. It wants you to see the movie in its true light and understand the gravity of its messages."

Tags:politics, government

Abstract
This paper explains that James Gleick in his book "Chaos: Making a New Science" reports the work of meteorologist and pioneer of the chaos theory, Edward Lorenz, to computerize the forecasting of weather based on physical laws. The author points out that Gleick explains, even though the straight-forward mathematical attempt by Lorenz to find weather averages was a "failure", Lorenz discovered that the phenomenon of climate instability was related to the chaos theory. The paper relates that Lorenz' two non-linear discoveries are (1) that models of chaotic systems have an exquisitely sensitive dependence on initial dependence called the butterfly effect and (2) that even simple systems can show complex, chaotic behavior proving that the "clockwork" universe doesn't exist.

Table of Contents
Gleick's Belief of the Possibility to Forecast Weather
The Butterfly Effect
Nonlinear and Linear Systems
Similar to Predicting the Motions of Planets
Link between Aperiodic Behavior and Unpredictable Behavior
Thermal Convection

From the Paper
"The very act of predicting weather is "fragile" when it comes to computer modeling, even though the data may be "reasonable trustworthy" and the laws of science are "purely physical" (20). But the computer modeling of weather patterns and air movement and temperatures and all the other ingredients that go into the stew, are only good for a day or two; "beyond two or three days the world's best forecasts" are / were speculative, and "beyond six or seven," Gleick writes, "they were worthless." Why were they worthless? "The Butterfly Effect was the reason.""

Tags:butterfly, modeling, universe, nonlinear, thermals