Abstract
The mechanical clock is one of the most common technologies in the Western world. The fact that the mechanical clock is so common means that many people have a difficult time believing that there have been periods of time in which the mechanical clock did not exist. In this bibliographic essay the origins of the mechanical clock are examined. The paper demonstrates that the mechanical clock did not simply spring into existence as a result of a single innovation. Instead the mechanical clock resulted from a number of technological and social developments.

Tags:origin, mechanical, clock

Abstract
The president of the Madison Clock Company needs an analysis to help him decide what to do about his plan to manufacture a new 48-hour timing device, and specifically what it will cost to manufacture this product and so how much should be charged for it. Obviously, what the company has to pay for the manufacture and delivery of the item will affect its price at the retail level, which in turn will affect how many units the company can expect to sell. The dispute that has developed is over the nature of the overhead costs, how they are to be calculated, and so how much has to be charged to make a profit.

From the Paper
The president of the Madison Clock Company needs an analysis to help him decide what to do about his plan to manufacture a new 48-hour timing device, and specifically what it will cost to manufacture this product and so how much should be charged for it. Obviously, what the company has to pay for the manufacture and delivery of the item will affect its price at the retail level, which in turn will affect how many units the company can expect to sell. The dispute that has developed is over the nature of the overhead costs, how they are to be calculated, and so how much has to be charged to make a profit. We are being asked to make recommendations on this issue and to help the company decide whether to manufacture this

Tags:case, study, timer

Abstract
This paper discusses the development and evolution of the clock, with a focus on earlier developments. There is also brief mention of the wristwatch and its development.

From the Paper
"The first clocks were very different from today's digital timepieces. They included such forms of time-telling as sand clocks, water clocks, and shadow clocks. Shadow clocks, including sundials, utilize the rotation of the earth to measure the passage of time. There are also early calendrical arrangements, such as Stonehenge, which depended upon the sun to inform people about changing seasons and special days, such as the solstice and equinox times (Trefil, 1999)."

Tags:watch, wrist, time, technology

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the film 'Twelve O'Clock High' by Darryl F. Zanuck. The paper discusses this film as one that depicts different leadership styles and management theories. The paper further discusses how the film, through its lead character of General Frank Savage, played by Gregory Peck, accurately shows how a transformational character can be a dynamic force on those around him.

From the Paper
"Due to his ineffective leadership style, Davenport is removed from command of the 918th group and replaced by General Savage. Savage is Davenport's antithesis when it comes to leadership. The two officers are friends, yet Savage sees the weaknesses of the other's style and consciously makes the decision to be a different kind of leader. As Savage arrives on the base, he immediately makes it known to all that there is a new authority figure in command. Savage witnesses the sloppy discipline of the group in several ways in his first few minutes on base. The MP at the gate waves him through without checking his identification, a sergeant is out of uniform, and, even worse, officers are drunk and scattered. The base is in drastic need of a transformational leader which it gets in Savage. However, it is the process of establishing himself as that leader which proves to be challenging for Savage."

Tags:mission, leadership, bombing, war

Abstract
This paper describes molecular clocks, focusing on rigid or strict clocks, relaxed clocks, and no-clock clocks and discusses their implications as a possible tool in treating and preventing diseases such as cancer and AIDS.

From the Paper
"Biological life exhibits rhythms that suggest that their timing can be predicted. Circadian rhythms, for example, are genetically fixed and govern daily events like sleep activity, hormonal secretion, cellular proliferation and metabolism. (Levi) These rhythms maintain predictable peaks and troughs that can be tracked and anticipated fairly precisely. (Levi) From the concept of circadian rhythms it is only one step to that of the molecular clock which is essentially a statistical model predicated on a relatively constant rate of molecular evolution. (Bromham, Penny) This concept..."

Tags:molecular clocks, rigid, relaxed, no-clock, cancer, AIDS

Abstract
This paper examines the case of a hypothetical company, Clock Works Inc., which must undergo pay and benefit cuts to remain competitive in its industry. The paper discusses how a change management program, and allowing employees to weigh in on how the cuts will be administered, make the transition smoother.

From the Paper
"Clock Works Inc. found itself in the position of having to cut pay and or benefits to remain competitive with other clock repairer-makers. To facilitate this change and make it as painless as possible, the company's owner, Mr. Ferguson implemented a change management approach and engaged employees in making the decisions about how the cost cuts would be administered. Introduction: Clock Works Inc. is a company that handles both the maintenance and creation of many types of clocks. It is a non-unionized independent organization..."

Tags:management, change management, HR, cost cuts, pay cuts, resistance to change

From the Paper
"The intention in the following pages is to discuss the development and evolution of the clock, with a focus on earlier developments. There is also brief mention of the wristwatch, and its development.

Evolution of the clock
"The first clocks were very different from today's digital timepieces. They included such forms of time-telling as sand clocks, water clocks, and shadow clocks. Shadow clocks, including sundials, utilize the rotation of the earth to measure the passage of time. There are also early calendrical arrangements, such as Stonehenge, which depended upon the sun to inform people about changing seasons and special days, such as the solstice and equinox ..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties associated with introducing changes for a general in the military. It describes how often times a leader (whether a politician or an officer) who attempts to institute changes is challenged by those who are entrenched at their positions. The paper looks at the leadership shown through the film "Twelve O'Clock High" with Gregory Peck and the leadership abilities of British Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, who led British ships into battle in the late 1700s.

From the Paper
"Meanwhile, the development of leaders - according to Be-Know-Do-Learn (BKDL) - requires a certain set of strategies that are very important and date back to the foundations of the Army. BKDL is a description that affirms the Army values of "...loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage." All of those values can be linked to Peck's character in Twelve O'Clock High. He certainly showed courage by flying in the lead B-17 bomber day after day (until he finally broke down towards the end of the film). He expected loyalty from his troops and once they settled into his style of management and leadership, he got that loyalty. "Honor" and "integrity" are things he demanded of his men, along with a sense of duty. It took Savage awhile to achieve the respect he wanted and needed, but he got that done too."

Tags:army, military, command, leadership, change, BKDL

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Grimm's 1857 version of "Cinderella" with Tanith Lee's "When the Clock Strikes", highlighting the differences between each author's target market, one being early 19th century parents in search of a primer in manners for their children, and the other, a modern audience reading for pleasure. It explores character motivation, conflict and resolution, and the role of religion in short stories.

From the Paper
"The Cinderella character's motivation in the Grimms' tale is different to that of Ashella, her abused and motherless counterpart in Tanith Lee's "When the Clock Strikes." The two characters share a strong sense of duty, with both characters vowing to carry out their dying mothers' instructions to the letter. However, Cinderella's vow is that she remain "good and pious" (Zipes 93). Her reward is to be the Lord's assistance and access to her mother's spirit. While not entirely clear, it seems that the Lord is represented in the story by tame birds and the mother by a hazel bush."

Tags:folklore, german, gothic, prince

Abstract
The paper examines the article "Lighting for the Human Circadian Clock: Recent Research Indicates that Lighting Has Become a Public Health Issue" that reveals that certain illness rates, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer, are much higher among nighttime shift workers than in the rest of the population. The paper explains the article's evidence that the disruption in the normal circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycles inhibits the production of melatonin that in turn increases cancer rates. The paper discusses the implications of this research for nighttime workers and for the general public.

From the Paper
"Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most people worked and carried on their daily life activities exclusively in the daytime and slept at night, primarily because without artificial lighting, there was no other choice. Once kerosene, gas, and incandescent lighting became widely used during the nineteenth century, people were able to make more productive use of nighttime hours, and 24-hour production became a possibility. Artificial lighting has become so common, that in modern societies, we take nighttime sporting events, all-night restaurants, and 24-hour casinos for granted. Certain industries run 'round the clock, with rotating shift workers on duty at all times."

Tags:cancer, sleep-wake, cycles, melatonin