Abstract
The paper looks at how a program evaluation journal article describes the phenomenon of school cliques and a method of reducing such divisiveness. The paper explains that specifically, the purpose of the study was to determine the success of Project Trust, a camp retreat weekend for middle school students and teacher that address such issues.

From the Paper
"The program evaluation journal article summarized describes the phenomenon of school cliques and a method of reducing such divisiveness. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to determine the success of Project Trust, a camp retreat weekend for middle school students and teacher that address such issues. The literature review conducted by the authors was more than adequate and included a solid context and background providing the study with statistics and information regarding school violence, bullying in the academic setting, and resulting increased levels of security."

Tags:evaluation, article, study

Abstract
This paper discusses two articles that relate to reality television in the early 21st century. The paper looks at "Country Hicks and Urban Cliques -Mediating Race, Reality, and Liberalism on MTV's The Real World," written by Jon Kraszewski and "Paradox and the Consumption of Authenticity through Reality Television," written by Randall Rose and Stacy Wood. The paper discusses the content, points and limitations of the articles.

From the Paper
"In both articles, the most interesting idea seemed one of how and why scholars examine TV materials of any kind, or assume that they do influence people or culture so strongly. One seldom sees a remark on how non-child viewers certainly know that TV is not real and that the TV business involves selling one thing or another. All arguments on how TV entertainment materials are shaped by cultures they in turn have shaped are very familiar. The study of mediocre television programs as in so-called Reality TV programming is interesting when one thinks of it, asking why scholars of marketing, social science or the humanities choose the sub-topics they do, or why they do not lament that dreadful newspapers that people pick up in supermarkets and what they may draw from them. There can be great variation in how people respond to what observe and the degree to which they observe themselves. More than a brain-washing cultural phenomenon, less flowery models would examine reality TV as a business like any other. It may be wiser to survey persons who never watch entertainment TV for their observations of what is presented and why they do not indulge."

Tags:programming, TV, entertainment, culture

Abstract
This paper looks at a chapter which makes a comparison between low levels of self-esteem in high school students and the high prevalence of cliques. The first part summarizes and details the workings of the article, while the rest analyzes the writing.

From the Paper
"The article entitled "Kicking Back at Raging High" begins with provocative questions of high interest regarding self-esteem issues for teenagers and comparisons between cliques in high schools. As the chapter reveals more and more descriptive information regarding these cliques, however, it begins to lose its appeal as it focuses on statements which appear trite in comparison to the insight of the opening remarks. While the ideas in this piece are informative and true, further comparisons into the nature of cliques and the psychology lurking behind each one which feeds into low self-esteem would have lead to a more insightful and captivating article. "Raging High" begins revealingly with three scenarios of maladaptive high school students, and then jumping immediately to what the author believes is the crucial issue at hand: self-esteem."

Tags:esteem, cliques, teenagers

Abstract
This paper explains that the author feels that she has been lucky to grow up in an age where some anthropological ideologies have undergone more changes in a short period of time than most underwent in the span of hundreds of years. Nonetheless, though society is making progress, the author believes that other aspects never quite seem to change such as the social cliques that ultimately configured who the author became. These childhood classisms, the paper asserts, trickle down to become adult attitudes of racism, sexism or other gender biases and many such social irrationalities.

From the Paper
"Growing up a young girl in my family of several older macho brothers, I received an amount of brotherly protection that was possibly excessive in some aspects, but nonetheless, it did provide me with a level of security and appreciation that I have ultimately come to expect or seek in the men I date. Effectively, this formed a thinking that inclined my preference toward men of what I came to assume was higher masculinity. There was also a level of courtesy that accompanied my growing up with older brothers that goes along similar with the grander scale idea of "ladies first." "

Abstract
The paper is written by an author who describes the loss of her religious beliefs. The author explains that she was once a Jehovah's Witness but now struggles with her belief in God and with religion all together. The author also details periods in her life in which she went door to door and was homeschooled specifically so that she could "dedicate much of my time to my "ministry." I hated it from day one." The author continues on to chronical other personal events that caused her shift in faith; such as, when she left home on her 18th birthday to marry "a lapsed Catholic Taoist." And, how she left her religion not because she doubted that it was the truth, but because she hated it. She writes, "I hated the cliques, the self-righteousness, the hypocrisy, the gossipy backstabbing, the holier-than-thou attitudes I saw all around me, but I still felt that it was the truth. I knew nothing else." The author concludes by saying, "Me, I'm on the fence. If I believe completely in the God described in the Bible, none of us will ever be able to please Him and we're all screwed. I have to believe in a loving, just God who lets the world suffer to prove a point to a disobedient angel."

From the Paper
"The fact of the matter is that I become exhausted dusting away the misconceptions people have about a religion and way of life that does not interest me and that I do not wish to be connected with. I'm not sure why this is; if someone came up to me and attempted to bait me by saying, "I've heard that Stalin was a really nice guy once you got to know him," I would bite that hook so quickly it would make your head spin! I would wax on for hours about collectivization and unacknowledged genocides, and how Communism is a great idea that doesn't work on people. But I have no interest in either defending or defaming the religion that I was brought up in."

Tags:ministry, truth, misconceptions, Jahova's, Witness

Abstract
This is a paper discussing the life and works of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, better known as Miguel de Cervantes, a 16th century Spanish author. The first section is a brief biography of his life and times, including his works. Following that, the paper focuses on how different classes of people appear in his famous story, "Don Quixote", with examples of characters of lower, middle, and upper classes in Cervantes's world. The paper concludes with ideas of class in general.

Outline
Introduction
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
Focus of paper
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
Reputation
His life
His works
Representation of Social Class in Don Quixote
Sancho Panza
The Duke and Duchess
Dulcinea del Toboso
The Duke and the Duchess
Sampson Carrasco
Social Class in Today's World
Not a Caste System
Bias and Prejudice Based on Presumption
Tribal Instincts and School Cliques
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although Panza is ignorant, unable to read or write, often cowardly and frequently foolish, when he gets the chance to rule his own little kingdom, he proves himself a wise, just and intelligent ruler, far more able then the wealthy and better educated Duke and Duchess in earlier chapters. Cervantes seems to be saying, through the abilities of Panza, that his society's conceived equation of class and worth have little relation to the realities of the real world."

Tags:Alonso, Quixano, Los, Tratos, De, Argel

Abstract
The paper examines how, in the book "Odd Girl Out" by Rachel Simmons, applying gender stereotyping to the image of a schoolyard bully conceals the fact that girls are equally capable of injuring their fellow classmates. The paper discusses how, while boys are more likely to use physical methods of dominance against weaker boys, their female counterparts are more apt to make use of more subtle, social methods of bullying, like forming cliques. The paper concludes that if women do not find more effective ways to express their aggression, and to deal with their need to express anger and dominance, then female opportunities of mentorship in business, as well as friendship will be thwarted.

From the Paper
"Sadly, for girls who are bullied, the psychological consequences are often far more extensive than simply not going to one's high school prom, or having nasty notes passed around during geometry class. Their idea of positive female friendship may be forever tarnished, and the girls may inhibit their social and academic aspirations, for fear of becoming spectacles in high school and beyond, and hence the targeting of more bullying. Female friendship is not a positive source of energy and comradeship for a bullied girl, instead it becomes a social weapon, or a reward that can be extended or withdrawn, depending on the girl's obedience to a particular social code or deference to a kind of 'alpha female.'"

Tags:adolescent, leaders, dominant, popular, aggression

Abstract
This paper shows how Salinger's novel portrays the challenging of authority during a period of Conservatism, while Wolfe exposes the pathetic nature of the rich and famous cliques of 1980s.

Abstract
The paper focuses on Desmond Morris' article "Territorial Behavior" that discusses how we all have a natural instinct to protect our personal space. The writer applies this idea to the college community at Lehigh
and explains the many different reasons why we put up walls around our personal space. The writer asserts that if everyone in your phonebook is somehow related to one another, it is time for you to expand your horizons by making new friends outside your clique.

From the Paper
"A dog marks its territory to warn off other canines by urinating around the area it is in. When another dog smells the urine, it will stay away as to avoid having a dispute with the owner of the space. Human beings act very similarly but do so with a more subtle approach and that does not involve a stench as strong. As explained by Desmond Morris in his article "Territorial Behavior," we all have a natural instinct to protect the space that we are occupying. This is certainly more evident in a college community such as Lehigh where everyone is occupied with their own agendas and things to do. Most students think that the world revolves around the little area that they belong to and rarely take the times to explore the opportunities and experiences outside of it. At the same time, Lehigh students put up walls to shut out certain people. This prevents growth and development of well rounded human beings."

Tags:peers, group, vulnerabilities, inhibitions, insecurities

Abstract
This paper proposes to develop a fourth grade curriculum on character education in a large urban elementary school. The paper critically analyzes diverse, significant and pertinent texts and experiences that the writer has encountered within (and across) her course work and that reflect the most current research theory and practice on 4th grade character education. The writer proposes that, at present, insignificant attention is generally paid, in the fourth grade and at other levels of K-12 education, to issues of personal character and relationships with others.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rationale for the Proposal
Purpose of the Project
Elements of the Project
How My Proposed Curriculum Addresses Diverse Needs of Colleagues (and Students)
Projected Outcomes
Identification of Participants
Projected Timeline for the Project
Critical Reflections on how this Proposed Curriculum Will Contribute to Systemic Change at the School and/or Community/ Society Level
References
Appendix I: Children's Literature Recommended for teaching Character Education, Grades 1-5
Appendix II: Potential Character Education Classroom Activities; Lesson Plans and other Information for Teachers and Administrators

From the Paper
"As a result, school curricula began now, also, to examine, for the first time, relationships among people, independent of race, class, gender or handicap. It is high time in our elementary schools today, I believe, for such overdue curricular emphasis, especially since, according to both Delgado & Stefanic (2001), and Sleeter & Grant (1988), people tend to automatically create categories, based on past experiences that they then organize in their minds."

Tags:cliques, psychology, victimization, ethnicity