Abstract This paper relates that a sample of 200 university students, who have been diagnosed with clinicaldepression, were surveyed using questionnaires in order to test the correlation factor between clinicaldepression and illegal drug use. The paper points out that questionnaires revealed that 68% of the students had responded in the affirmative when questioned if they had used illegal drugs while battling clinicaldepression. The paper indicates that these results prove that clinicallydepressed students often seek to escape their stressful situations through the hallucinatory trance effect offered by illegal drugs. The paper also includes a description of the methodology and a table.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
From the Paper "In university and academic campuses all over the world, students increasingly feel the need to excel in their academic life as well as effectively play multi-faceted roles in their familial and societal lives. Burdened with increasing academic loads, parental and peer pressure, students often become depressed and withdrawn when they fail to meet expectations. While some students are quick to recover and once again join the academic fray, for others however, the depressive symptoms linger for much longer."
Abstract This paper discusses the nature of biology in the scope of depression in the human brain. The writer explains that by researching how this type of chemical process is illuminated in the idea of clinicaldepression, one can learn much about effects of the psychological perspectives involved. With all of these aspects to create a more conducive argument for depression, one can learn that much of the elements of depression can be seen in this type of scientific format. In this paper, a series of different ways with which biology can be associated with psychological reactions are covered to prove this point.
Abstract This paper discusses how depression is a disorder that has particular symptoms and signs by which it can be recognized and would be prevalent for some duration. It looks at how it affects the individual, his/her ability to think and act, and also creates distress for the individual affected. It shows how people of all ages are affected by depression and how, often, depression goes unnoticed by the person, his family, and even the family physician. It examines forms of treatment and how, in some cases, a combination therapy becomes necessary for an effective treatment.
From the Paper "Most of the Indications of Depression comprise of bad temper, grief, fatigue, poor self-image, self-criticism, disgrace, culpability, manic behavior, and suicidal feelings. (Yaffe; Edwards; Covinsky; Kenneth and Eng, 2003) The indications of depression differ amid persons. One individual might feel restless and will not get sleep, while others may become sluggish and slumber for the most part of the day. Every now and then it can be of assistance to study the alteration in thinking and deeds for obvious symptoms. Body- Insomnia and weariness manifest the most obvious form in which depression can be realized in the body. It influences the psyche, complexity in making judgment, reduces the power of attention or even indulges in "rumination", which refers to the constant ponderings on a particular topic."
Abstract This paper describes the subject of this book, its targeted audience, and the overall approach the authors use to discuss the topic of depression. The paper also highlights the book's positive and negative aspects.
From the Paper "Depression could be, well, a depressing subject matter to deal with, over the course of an entire 158 page text. However, by emphasizing positive coping strategies that can be adopted by sufferers of depression and the friends and loved ones of those going through a depressed period in their lives, Coping with Depression by Sharon Carter and Lawrence Clayton. (Hazeldon, 1995), manages to avoid this potential stylistic pitfall. In fact, if anything, it errs on the side of excessive cheerfulness."
Abstract This thesis focus looks at the correlation between child abuse and childhood depression among Latino children, in terms of whether child abuse contributes to childhood depression. The thesis focuses on the Latino community that resides in California. This community is made up of first-generation immigrants and their families, who have been born in the United States. The thesis explores what child abuse is, how it can be measured, and also what depression is, the most likely causes for depression, and how depression can be measured. The factors that contribute to all of these conditions within the Latino community are also discussed in terms of what cultural factors are important in determining the levels of these conditions within the community, both internally (i.e., culturally) and externally (i.e., socio-politically). The links between abuse (intrafamilial and inter-racial) and depression are then explored, and conclusions are drawn regarding the factors that contribute to childhood depression in this racial group within the United States.
Introduction
Problem Statement
Significance
Purpose
Latino's in the US: Characteristics and Diagnosed Mental Health Needs
Need for Mental Health Care
High-Need Populations
Availability of Mental Health Services
Access to Mental Health Services
Use of Mental Health Services
Appropriateness and Outcomes of Mental Health Services
Latino's in Society: Welfare and Minority Families
Legislative and Legal Advocacy of Latino Families
The Formalization of Informal Latino Family Supports
Child Abuse
What is Abuse?
Incidence of Child Abuse
Diagnosing Abuse
The Dimension of the Problem
Prevalence Studies
Rate of Child Abuse Increase
Potential Long-Term Effects of Abuse
Depression Scope of the Problem
Clinical Characteristics
Risk Factors
What is Depression?
Depression in Children
Treatments for Childhood Depression Latino's and Depression: How is Depression Expressed?
Levels of Depression in the Latino Community
Risk Factors that May Contribute to ClinicalDepression Implications in the Latino Community
Single Parents
Lack of Resources
Discussion
From the Paper "The Latino community has it's own deeply embedded cultural values and beliefs. Obedience is an important element for a family to be considered a good family (una buena familia). For the purpose of this study, the parents may be mother and father, or possible the grandparents, all of which will be addressed as the primary caregiver.
The Latino family defines discipline as a form of corporal punishment; the caretakers themselves may have been abused as children, and therefore consider corporal punishment an acceptable way to hand out discipline. Furthermore, it is difficult to get caretakers to see that when they discipline a child with corporal punishment, they are discharging their own anger on them, in many cases inflicting more pain and injury than was originally intended. The child then feels powerless and confused, and does not have labels for those feelings, and cannot verbalize what is happening to them, physically or emotionally."
Tags: treatment, risk, health, care, psychology, punishment, discipline
Abstract This paper looks at depression, a mental disorder affecting people of all ages from many walks of life. It examines the current research on its main causes and describes the four major types of depression that are known of today, clinical, bipolar disorder or manic depression, SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) and chronic depression, all of which have a varying detrimental effect on the person they are acting upon. It shows how the type of depression a person has is usually determined by a careful study of his/her background and the symptoms they exhibit on a regular basis. It also discusses methods of diagnosis such as psychological evaluation as well as methods of treatment such as psychotherapy, medication or antidepressants and exercise.
From the Paper "In the past decade, depression medication has improved dramatically. Not only are the current drugs much more effective than before, the side effects are fewer and less severe (Cohen, 2002). Before the influx of new medications, few drugs were available to fight depression. Without drugs tailored to treat specific symptoms, treatments were rarely effective (Britannica, 2003). Now, with the wide array of drugs available to the public, antidepressant drugs can be matched to the symptoms they are customized to treat. Instead of having a single drug to combat depression, multiple drugs are available to treat specific types of depression. When multiple symptoms are displayed by a patient, an assortment of medication may be required (Staab-Feldman, 1999). It is not uncommon for a secondary medication to be prescribed to boost the effectiveness of the primary medication."
Tags: bipolar, disorder, illness, mental, chronic, sad, manic, clinical, psychotherapy
Abstract This paper examines how depression, a condition consisting of symptoms, such as extreme sadness for a prolonged duration of time, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, marked increase or decrease of appetite, etc., is increasing rapidly among children and adolescents in the United States today. It looks at how several factors, such as maternal depression and interpersonal relationships, are contributing to this trend. It examines depression in the child and adolescent populations, the warning signs, its implications, and proposed therapeutic treatments.
From the Paper "Currently in the U.S., nearly 2 million children and adolescents are diagnosed with some form of depression, with twice as many adolescence girls as boys, being diagnosed with depression. More than half of depressed adolescents has a recurrence within seven years. In some cases, the biological tendency toward depression is hereditary. In several other cases, environmental stressors are the basis of depression. Clinical depression may resemble these emotional dips, but it is much more pervasive, long lasting, and life threatening. A common fallacy is that childhood is a blithe, uncomplicated time in one's life. Today's family system may be a basis of depression."
Abstract The paper discusses the mood disorder of clinicaldepression and its most common manifestations. The paper relates that although clinicaldepression is most common in adults, it can also manifest itself in children and teenagers. The paper describes the medications used to treat depression that include various types of antidepressants, substances known as atypical antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and finally, forms of psychotherapies.
From the Paper "Medically speaking, the mood disorder known as depression is a mental disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair and discouragement, resulting from and normally proportionate to some type of personal loss or tragedy. This level of depression is quite common, due to humans sharing a wide range of emotional responses to various events and/or situations. For example, some people who experience mild depression may exhibit it by being sad, discouraged or miserable, depending on the situation at hand (Williams, 2003, p. 78)."
Abstract This paper discusses the clinical issue of depression found in childhood domestic violence victims. The paper presents a case history of a twelve year-old victimized female child, offers the DSMIV diagnosis, and suggests a treatment plan.
Abstract The paper discusses the life and works of Sylvia Plath who suffered from clinicaldepression. The paper relates how she used writing as a way to release her depressed feelings, but it was not enough to prevent her from committing suicide in 1963 at the young age of 30. The paper shows how depression ended the career of a great writer and a wonderful woman. The paper also looks at her many published works.
From the Paper "Sylvia Plath proved to be an exceptional writer at a very young age. She was only eight years old when she published her first poem. This poem was published the same year that her father had died of an embolism due to complications from surgery because of undiagnosed diabetes. It is strongly believed that Sylvia never fully recovered from the death of her father in 1940 and that this event marked the beginning of many years of clinical depression. However, although she suffered from clinical depression for most of her life, Sylvia Plath is known as one of the greatest poets of her generation."
Abstract This paper describes clinicaldepression, first categorizing it and then expanding upon the various facets of depression. The paper begins with a broad description of the condition and then takes a closer look at the parameters of depression itself. A history of depression is also provided as well as several key assertions that can fairly be made about depression: 1) there are definite factors which can be used to help the depressed individual; 2) being depressed is as much a disease as something like heart disease or cancer, but luckily, it does not have to be a fatal one. The paper concludes that the challenge for organized psychology and medicine going forward will be to both increase the understanding of the disease and improve treatment options.
Outline:
Introduction
The Parameters of Depression The History of Depression Conclusion
From the Paper "The human mind, as the most complex among all forms of life on planet earth, can experience a wide range of feelings, emotions and reactions. As such, it is perfectly normal for human beings to occasionally feel sad for a variety of reasons, ranging from the loss of a loved one to an unpleasant experience and the like. For some individuals, however, feelings of sadness never subside, or can intermittently incapacitate the individual for weeks, months, or years on end. This can be classified as clinical depression, which separates the normal cases of "the blues" from a serious psychological condition which can lead to suicide, homicide, or any other of a wide variety of horrible manifestations (Belsky, 2007)."
Abstract The paper discusses and draws conclusions of the coercion between multiple sclerosis, depression, and the adolescent psyche.
The paper is written as follows:
INTRODUCTORY PHASE
History of Multiple Sclerosis - Historical Origins, facts, and progressive timeline of MS.
Description & Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis -Detailed description of MS; causes and symptoms.
Description & Characteristics of Depression - Detailed description of Depression; causes and symptoms.
ESSENTIAL PHASE
Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, & Adolescence - Overview of two schools of thought towards the relationship between MS and adolescent depression.
Psychological Effect - Detailed description, with examples of the Psychological Effect's school of thought as it pertains to adolescents diagnosed with both MS and clinicaldepression.
Treatment - Summary of the primary treatment used today for adolescent depression with MS.
Future of Depressed Adolescents with MS - Quick glimpse into recent progressions made in MS research.
From the Paper " Afflicting people of all ages, and of all walks of life, Multiple Sclerosis (commonly referred to as MS) is a disease of the central nervous system and is prevalent in all nations across the globe. In spite of the fact that anybody can develop MS, the disease is predominantly found in adolescents, and most especially in female adolescents. Approximately 2,500,000 people around the world are diagnosed with MS. In the United States of America alone, statistics show that one in every seven hundred people has multiple sclerosis (Rose & Mackay, 1998). With roots tracing as far back as the middle ages, MS was amongst the first diseases to be accurately assessed through the use of the scientific method, which was derived in the early nineteenth century. In 1868 Jean-Martin Charcot, a professor of neurology at the University of Paris, who has been called "the father of neurology", carefully examined a young woman with a tremor of a sort he had never seen before. He was the first to document the disease of Multiple Sclerosis, and record its multitude of characteristics (Britannica, 2006). Fifty years the latter of Charcot's achievements, a detailed microscopic description made by James Dawson revealed the basic damage done in MS, and helped bring forth the biggest happening within the disease's historical timeline; the creation of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society in 1946 by Sylvia Lawry (MSAA, 2004). With respect to the creation of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the last sixty years have been characterized by breakthroughs in diagnosing, treating, and preventing MS. In response to an international outcry for support, governments around the world, as well as medical societies, research companies, and donation services have joined forces in pursuing the ultimate goal of curing Multiple Sclerosis."
Abstract This paper discusses how depression is often a completely misunderstood issue that often goes undiagnosed. It looks at how it has been considered a type of mental weakness or even a personality flaw and how the statistics show it is a very real disease affecting nearly 20 million Americans annually. It attempts to view depression from three different perspectives. It reflects on the topic of depression as it pertains to the sociological insights, issues, and theories of depression. The second section provides a personal-activities insight into how individuals have related their feelings about depression, either through writings or by observations on how depression affects them socially. The third section provides personal views regarding the research into the world of depression.
From the Paper "As our world speeds up and becomes more complex with higher demands on us all, society may become less tolerant of those who are depressed. Socially, individuals more times than not, look down upon a person because they are depressed. In our society, illness is frowned upon be it medical or mental. A good example of how our society sees depression can be illustrated by business men and women turning their noses up on a homeless person on the street while never considering that the person may be severely depressed. Another example could be a child with a learning disability suffering from depression being teased relentlessly by his or her peers in school. Whether the feelings are real or not, a depressed person subconsciously is aware that the depression has made them an outcast in our society."
Abstract This study pertains to pessimism and its origins, and also, the question of confusion arising as the 'neurotic' trait of pessimism is missed for the marker of clinicaldepression, i.e. Major Depression, that it may also constitute. The problem is one that must be approached by way of several bodies of literature, given burgeoning scientific and theoretical studies continuing to explore the origin of depression in individuals and populations. The disease is typified by a pessimistic attitude towards the present and the future. Indeed, these can the strongest, uniting symptom of Depressive cases.
Abstract The paper discusses antidepressants and states that clinical evidences show that the pathophysiology behind depression is due to neurotransmitter abnormalities in the brain. The paper reports that antidepressant medications act by correcting these abnormalities. The paper states that tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the oldest type of antidepressants but these have been replaced by the newer serotonin norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors. Examples of these are venlafaxine and duloxetine. The paper further discusses the activity, side effects and mode of action of duloxetine which is available under the trade name of Cymbalta.
From the Paper "Duloxetine hydrochloride, or Cymbalta, is a new antidepressant that possesses this dual action. It is known to have three clinical uses: as an antidepressant, as a pain reliever for diabetic peripheral neuropathies, and for alleviating urinary stress incontinence among women (Bandolier, 2007). It has also been approved for pharmacologic management of generalized anxiety disorder (Food and Drug Administration, 2006). Cymbalta has an advantage over venlafaxine. Cymbalta tends to bind tightly to specific serotonin and norepinephrine receptors than venlafaxine. This mechanism allows Cymbalta to have more specific action and less adverse effects. Moreover, it has been established that Cymbalta is effective in alleviating pain among patients who experience pain along with their depression. Studies have shown that duloxetine attenuates chronic and persistent pain within nociceptive transmission pathways."
