Abstract
The paper focuses on Shakespeare's use of irony and imagery in "Richard III". The paper describes how the verbal irony and vivid imagery conveys Richard's compelling climb to the throne in a dramatic fashion.

From the Paper
"Firstly, we will see that Shakespeare makes Richard's climb to the throne dramatically compelling through the use of irony. There are two types of irony used in Richard III, verbal and dramatic irony. In the first steps of his climb to the throne, Richard tells Clarence Act 1 "Brother, farewell". This is an example of verbal irony, what Richard says has a double meaning that Clarence doesn't understand. Clarence only sees friendly greetings in these words, however, Richard literally says goodbye to his brother because he knows he's going to be murdered soon (as well as the audience). It makes Richard's actions compelling as it gives a humorous effect to the play. It also emphasises the fact that Richard indulges in hypocrisy because he pretends to be virtuous and friendly even though he is not, he only appears to be. Clarence truly believes what his brother Richard tells him, because when the two murderers in the end of Act 1 tell Clarence that Richard is the one who sent them to murder him, Clarence cannot believe it and says "It cannot be, for he bewept my fortune,/ And hugged me in his arms, and swore with sobs/ That he would labour my delivery"."

Tags:irony, imagery

Abstract
This paper describes a hiker's personal struggle with a climb up a difficult mountain. The physical and emotional challenges of the climb are described, as well as the euphoria and satisfaction felt after successfully completing the climb.

From the Paper
"As the sun was rising on the morning of the fifth day, I found myself biting my lip, while the intensity of that day's events fogged up my mind. Climbing Table Rock was becoming a reality, and I was doing everything I could to avoid thinking about it. I've always considered myself somewhat of a thrill-seeker, and my lifelong fear of heights had never failed to create a worthwhile thrill. But this climbing experience would be one that I would never forget."

Tags:rock, climing, instructor, jim, dandy, four-pitch, climb, ground, school, first, ledge

Abstract
A review of Dawkins' "Climbing Mount Improbable", which is a nontheistic explanation of Darwin's theory of natural selection as a consequence of random recombinations of DNA and genes rather than a creature of intelligent design.

From the Paper
"Dawkins' "Climbing Mount Improbable" is deceptively simple. It is simple because the author provides common sense explanations of the natural world in an almost systematic fashion. He uses the metaphor of a mountain that is very gradually and very slowly building up and becoming itself over thousands of years, yet throughout the process is changing all the time. That is an easy concept to grasp. Yet the book is deceptive, because underneath the common sense explanations, are extremely complex ideas about how the natural world as the modern period knows..."

Tags:evolution, natural selection, replication, randomness, probability

Abstract
This paper examines the realities of climbing the social ladder in mid-nineteenth century New York, as depicted by the playwright Anna Cora Mowatt in her play, "Fashion." The paper discusses many themes in the play, but it focuses mainly on the themes of American versus European ideas of class within society and social self-consciousness.

From the Paper
"This passage lays out for the audience how possible it may be for someone of the middle (or, God forbid, lower) class to fake their way into the upper class. Directed towards an elite crowd, and written in a time fraught with anxiety over just how blurry class lines were becoming, the purpose of laying bare the tricks of social climbers was not to increase apprehension. Rather, the point was to make a mockery of them. Mrs. Tiffany's character is absolutely farcical. When trying to fit into the upper class, she makes a fool out of herself - especially when attempting to work pretentious French into everyday conversations. Not only does she come off as crazy because the other characters cannot understand what she is saying, the audience recognizes her atrocious pronunciation."

Tags:class structure, America Europe, social self-consciousness

Abstract
This paper explains that the two articles, "Life at the Top in America Isn't Just Better, It's Longer" and "Angela Whitaker's Climb", address the struggles many peoples face in rising to middle-class "respectability" and comfort. The author points out that these articles show that social class determines not only the "creature comforts" one will enjoy in a lifetime but also the length of life one will be able to devote to those comforts. The paper concludes that, while the Wilkerson article raises some compelling points, the Scott article is more powerful because it juxtaposes the differential experiences of people who may share the same tragedies but not the same possibilities of recovery and ultimate success.

From the Paper
"As well, while both articles view poverty as a "trap" from which few escape, the Scott article is especially evocative because it actually captures what poverty means in terms of length of life and the extent to which that life will be complicated by health maladies that greater wealth could have avoided. Finally, both articles, to their credit, note how spouses in working-class and even middle-class homes must work together in order to ensure that the house, the cars and the children's educations are tended to."

Tags:social, mobility, experiences, respectability, differential

Abstract
This paper points out that diesel fuel, once a popular energy choice for automobile owners, has experienced a decided drop in popularity over the last few decades. The drop in popularity, primarily due to its reputation as a harmful environmental pollutant, contributed to a gain in diesel alternatives, including one of the most traditional fuel sources, gasoline. The paper then points out that gradual changes in our global environment and economy, particularly the demand for oil and its climbing expensiveness, may now be signaling a change on the horizons for the global picture with respect to the demand for diesel fuel.

Tags:economics, diesel, canada

Abstract
The paper posits that the book "Why CEOs Fail" is a useful book for the business leader on his or her way to the top - or already at the top. The paper looks at how it outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, shows how to identify these behaviors in oneself, and gives useful advice on how to manage them. The paper asserts that the book is a valuable resource, concise and well-written, and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the business person with little time to spare.

From the Paper
"This is a useful book for the business leader on his or her way to the top - or already at the top. It outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, shows how to identify these behaviors in yourself, and gives useful advice on how to manage them. As such, the book is a valuable resource. It is also concise and well-written, and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the..."

Tags:business, leadeship, book review

Abstract
The paper examines "Why CEOs Fail", which outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, how to identify these behaviors in oneself and advice on how to manage them. The paper relates that the book is concise and well-written and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the business person with little time to spare.

From the Paper
"The authors' starting point for this book was their observation that more and more CEO's are failing. Indeed, Dotlich and Cairo point out that CEOs have left the lists of "most admired" and ended up on the lists of those "least trusted" (Dotlich and Cairo, dust jacket). This is because many CEOs reach admirable heights in their careers, only to quickly crash and burn - often generating spectacular publicity as they do so. Obviously, no one wants this in their future, and Dotlich and Cairo show how to avoid it. Their advice is also pertinent to those below the level of CEO, but who are nevertheless in leadership positions."

Tags:leadership, coaching, techniques

Abstract
This paper explains that the war with Iraq is not doing anything good for the U.S. economy because the economy was already in trouble before the war. The author points out that the same sort of common wisdom, which credits World War II with ending the Depression, held that the war with Iraq would make the U.S. economy "robustly rebound". The paper explains that it is hard to see how unemployment or the GDP are likely to improve, considering so much of the treasury has already been siphoned off to support tanks and troops in a Middle Eastern desert.

From the Paper
"Another BBC report, however, said the 2003 deficit would actually end up being more like $455 billion. That report also said that Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan said the Federal Reserve was cuttings its forecast for U.S. economic growth in 2003 by three-quarters of one percent, to between 2.5 and 2.75 percent. If the economy is growing that slowly, the growth in employment must be equally slow or even nonexistent."

Tags:greenspan, wwii, rebound, unemployment, gdp

From the Paper
"This study will examine the roles of John and Robert Kennedy in the civil rights movement, focusing on why the brothers were seen by some as champions of civil rights and by others were criticized for giving insufficient support to those who were risking their lives in the movement.


The books to be used in the study are Carl M. Brauer's John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction and Pat Watters' and Reese Cleghorn's Climbing Jacob's Ladder. While the authors of both books generally agree about the facts of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and the roles of the Kennedy brothers in that movement, the two books do offer contrasting views of the movement itself and its effects on the evolution of civil rights in the country.


Primarily, the basic difference between the two books in the..."