From the Paper
"The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off the coast of Peru. Traditionally ENSO was thought of as a purely local ocean disturbance, one that repeated itself every few years. However, in recent years scientists are finding out a lot more about El Nino, and its sister La Nina. In studying them, they are obtaining clues to predicting this behavior that could save lives and save millions of dollars in economic loss to nations.

Typical El Nino Effect
In a typical El Nino, sea surface temperatures rise along the equator from Souther America to the central Pacific. These events are associated with large displacement of major rain-producing zones in the tropics. In addition, atmospheric circulation changes. During northern winter months, stronger than ..."

Abstract
Specifically, this paper looks at metereological phenomena, the shifting global tides, glaciation, the interaction between the earth and the sun, the elliptical revolution of the earth, and the strange seasonal aberrations that can result from the earth's axis being tilted even slightly.

From the Paper
"What sort of energy does the earth receive from the sun? The answer: electromagnetic energy in the form of radiation. What sort of energy does the earth release into space? The answer: The earth releases heat energy into space. What is the relationship between energy received and energy released? Answer: The earth receives solar energy (solar radiation) from the sun and expels the excess back into space; if this expelled energy is trapped by "hothouse" gases, then the surface temperature rises. As well, it is worth noting that heat transfer occurs in the direction of decreasing temperature (in other words, heat from the..."
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Tags:answers, questions, science

Abstract
This paper discusses how, beginning in Canto VIII as Virgil and Dante approach the City of Dis, their journey slows then stops at the gate. It contends that the entrance to the City of Dis causes a climactic battle between Heaven and Hell that changes the course of Dante's journey and of the poem.

From the Paper
"The legion of rebel angels tries to persuade Virgil from his undead companion, leaving Dante to find his way out alone, if at all. At this Dante breaks the 'fourth wall' and addresses his audience directly, pleading with the reader to "but conceive of his dismay" at being left alone (94). This entire scene has a heightened sense of drama, with more fear, distress, and anxiety than any previous. Appealing directly to the audience Dante seems to be pulling the reader deeper into the scene. Dante pleads for Virgil not to forsake him, offering to quit altogether and hasten back (100). While Virgil holds council with the demons the narrative focuses on Dante and his growing fears of abandonment. "

Tags:power, virgil

Abstract
This paper discuss a major scholarly work that examines the eventful history of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia. It analyzes David Christian's text, "A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia" and focuses on how climactic realities of the European continental interior produced insulated "warrior" states that were alternately insecure and intrepid in their pursuit of glory and tribute. It describes the toughness of the climate and the curious geography of the continental interior.

From the Paper
"David Christian has done a marvelous job of capturing the manner in which topography, climate and a few well-placed mountain ranges can produce militarism, insularity, suspicion and, in the case of Russia, comparatively sparse populations. Courtesy this investigation, it becomes evident that many of the unflattering characteristics westerners ascribe to both the Russians and Chinese today are the products of hardscrabble existences in an environment that facilitated military struggle. Beyond that, the geography and topography of Inner Eurasia locked these peoples off from the outside world in such a way that they became insular and inward-looking - a sure prescription for the sort of paranoia and xenophobia that often drives military expansionism and preparedness. In the end, just as scholars once thought that biology determined destiny, so too may it be said that the history of Inner Eurasia has been remarkably shaped by geography."

Tags:climate, continental, interior, security

Abstract
This paper explains that the October Revolution of 1917 was an event that was the culmination of many years of discontent. The author points out that, although it is seen as the major revolution which changed Russia into a socialist country and brought widespread changes to Russia, it was an anti-climactic event that was really the result of many other revolts and uprisings which took place beforehand. The paper relates that, while the October Revolution was not the February Revolution which Lenin hoped for in terms of massive support and uprising by the peasantry, it was a calculated and successful taking over of the government by the Bolsheviks. However, it was not effective in bringing relief to the peasantry because political dissent among the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks ended up in another bloody civil war.

From the Paper
"Although most Russians welcomed the end of autocracy; that was the only point on which they agreed. The provisional government had little popular support, and its authority was limited by the Petrograd workers' and soldiers' soviet, which controlled the troops, communications, and transport. The Petrograd Soviet furthered the military breakdown by establishing soldiers' committees throughout the army and making officership elective. Disagreement in the provisional government set the stage for the arrival of Vladimir Lenin who returned to Russia from exile along with other revolutionaries who were exiled by the aristocratic government."

Tags:bolsheviks, duma, mensheviks, petersburg, petrograd

Abstract
In this article the writer notes that there are several dramatic themes in Buchi Emecheta's novel 'The Bride Price'. The writer points out that while each of them carries important messages to the reader, taken together they create a wonderfully rich human story. Also, the writer discusses that while the setting for this book is in Nigeria, Western Africa, because of the quality of the writing and the presentation of the characters, one could safely say the messages and themes are universal. The writer maintains that this universal literary dynamic is almost always true of well-written stories, and the study of literature reveals that important novelists fully expect readers to gain universal truths and confront universal human issues through the story being told.

Outline:
Themes and Issues
Important characters, messages, symbolism and irony in the plot
Climactic Ending
Comparing The Bride Price with The Lion and the Jewel

From the Paper
"But Aku-nna will do something about it, and indeed, she is not along; Chike is also eventually a willing participant in the rebellion against Nigerian customs. He is very gentle and helpful with his sweetheart, even transcending custom by bringing Aku-nna a supply of sanitary napkins (and a booklet that tells how to use them) when she starts her first period; after all, he was raised to believe that while menstruating, a woman is unclean. And in fact because Aku-nna does not want to be married off, she keeps her menstruation a secret."
"But, and this is important to the novel, Aku-nna does not rebel against all customs in her community; when she begins her menarche she in fact still holds on to the fear that crossing a stream with her period runs the risk of being treated as an outcast leper. In this sense Aku-nna is a traditional African woman."

Tags:black, injustices, racism, customs

Abstract
This paper explains that the play, Sophocles's "Oedipus, the King", has a more episodic structure than a climactic one because of flashbacks and prophecies introduced as episodes throughout. The author points out that the "rising action" is when Oedipus threatens that he will have Creon killed or exiled for conspiring with Tiresias. The paper contends that tragedy is better as a work to be read than as a drama to be performed and watched on stage. The reason given by the writer is because there is much more to perceive and understand from the reading than in the watching and listening, although visuals and sounds enhance or intensify the underlying messages in the play.

From the Paper
"The setting is Thebes around the fifth century. The "inciting incident" right away turns up with the plague that now afflicts the citizens, whom King Oedipus calls the "new blood of ancient Cadmus". Cadmus was the founder of the mythological Thebes. These citizens crowd at the king's palace for his action on the feared plague, and as was the custom at the time, the king has already sent his brother-in-law, Creon, to consult with the Oracle (or diviner/fortune-teller) at Delphi (Sophocles c 430 BC) for advice and he tells this to the people. Creon returns to relay the Oracle's message to Oedipus that the plague will end only if the murderer of the former king of Thebes, Lauis, is caught and driven out. The message also says that the murderer is still in Thebes. King Lauis was killed by thieves while on the way to consult an oracle.To pacify the people and bring peace to Thebes, Oedipus promises to find that murderer and drive him out. This part represents the "point of attack".

Tags:action, incident, denouement, episodic, tragedy

Abstract
A focus on the five main characters of these stories (Mrs. May, Hulga, Mrs. Turpin, Julian, and his mother) . It shows how they are all based on a common denominator in their character makeup, that of emotional contempt for the world they inhabit and, even more, contempt for themselves. O'Connor sets up these characters with inflated egos, then she pulls the rug out from under the characters in a climactic moment. Ironically, each character is smashed by something he or she held in contempt.

From the Paper
"The pattern consists of three stages: (1) the author makes use of the omniscient point of view, allowing the reader to be privy
to all the characters' thoughts and motives; (2) then a disconcerting and jolting climax occurs, usually very harsh for the character; and (3) readers finally discover how this climax affects the characters."

Tags:character, connor, flannery, literature, novel, characteristic

Abstract
This paper will discuss the story "Shiloh" by Bobbie Anne Mason and how she uses details to show the climactic build up of the story's main reference to characterization. By understanding this style of creating tension and learning the way that an author can build up a story, the basic elements of character development come into being in this tale. When realizing this factor about her style, we can learn much about the characters, as well as learn how they interact with each other in this way.

Tags:.

Abstract
This paper examines how Dante's "Inferno" can be considered a giant cascading journey whose movements are continuous and on a constant downward pull. It contends that the entrance to the City of Dis is a climactic clash between heaven and hell that changes the course of Dante's journey and of the poem itself and follows the decent into hell and the battle that ensues.

From the Paper
"Beginning in Canto VIII, Dante's entrance into Dis is heralded by Virgil, "See, my son! It now draws nigh"(67). From a distance Dante could see the mosques arise from a "red shell" that looked like glowing furnaces. It is here that the unquenchable fires of Hell are first seen. Torture by fire is only found in nether Hell. Dis is comprised of the entire nether Hell, moated by the river Styx; its ramparts form a complete circle around the pit. Dis contains all the souls of those who have wilfully chosen Satan as their King (Ralphs 14)."

Tags:sin, torture