Abstract The paper discusses client centered therapy, a concept that was developed by Carl Rogers throughout the 1940s and 50s. The paper explores how the focus of the therapy is on the client, as the therapist allows the client to discuss issues within his or her life. Through the client's own words he or she is capable of discovering answers to life issues, being supported by the therapist through questions and answer, clarification of thoughts, or restating situations. The paper further discusses how client-centered therapy is a non-directed approach in which the therapist allows the client to talk and discuss answers by themselves.
From the Paper "Events in life can often lead the individual to doubt whether he or she has any control over the present or the future. As conditions mount at different crossroads of existence, the feeling or powerlessness begins to extend into every realm of being. This was the condition of this writer's world a few years ago after a painful divorce and the death of my father. It was at that time, therefore, that counseling seemed the only method of recovery. The initial point of attending therapy was to be capable of handling that moment in time. What was discovered, however, was that I had not lost the power to control my world; I had only briefly lost my way."
Abstract Unlike therapy and psychological assessments at the individual level, an entirely new level of complications emerges when we deal with those same disciplines at the group level. For the practicing psychologist at the individual level, one needs only to agree to meet with the client and then proceed to do so according to the individual needs and capacity of the client. However, when one considers the group environment, wherein the psychologist collectively works with several patients who are also encouraged to work with one another, client selection in particular can be made all the more difficult. This paper compares the differences for the practicing psychologist in client selection at the individual level vs. the group level. The paper points out that all the the process is more complicated at the group level, there are also benefits to be had in the group session such as more voices and more interaction, which can be especially helpful in socialization cases or for mood improvement.
Abstract This paper analyzes several studies regarding the influence of gender on the counselor - client relationship. In particular, the studies draw attention to the importance of looking at gender in the counselor-client relationship and its impact on behavior change. In particular, the author uses the stages of changes of the transtheoretical model to explore the ability of a client to change. The theory is described at length and according to its various stages. The paper concludes with a consideration of male psychotherapy clients and their perceptions and willingness to change.
From the Paper "Research studies with respect to gender in counseling vis-a-vis the impact of a counselor's gender in a client's ability to change have been sparse and equivocal showing a need for further research in the area. Of the studies that have been done with respect to the impact of gender in counseling focused on matching counselor and client based on a number of variables such as ethnicity, gender, and language (Hall, Guterman, et al., 2002). Such studies usually focused on only one ethnic group. Some studies focused clients' preference for specific counselor characteristics. Other studies focused on predicting client expectations in counseling (Robitschek & Hershberger, 2005). There have also been studies investigating the interaction of male clients' characteristics and male counselors' gender role conflict as a basis for counselor bias (Wisch, 1997). Wisch (1997) noted a number of theoretical works that point to the significance of a counselor's gender as a potential influence on the counseling process."
Abstract This paper analyzes the ethical code for social workers that emphasizes the confidentiality of the client and suggests that the privacy and the trust that a client puts into the social worker must not be breached regardless of the situation.
Abstract "This paper discusses security for client/server computing and how to develop it, noting that term client/server was first used in the 1980s and referred to personal computers on a network. The paper shows that information security refers to the need to protect the data being transferred over a network or stored in a computer, with threats from outsiders, from the system itself if it does not maintain data and assure validity, and from other threats to privacy as well.
From the Paper "Computer security is a major issue in a number of computing situations. Information security refers to the need to protect the data being transferred over a network or stored in a computer. Data security can be compromised in a number of ways, such as being accessed by unauthorized personnel, intercepted during a transfer, or otherwise transferred to a different computer system. Security is a concern for different types of computer system, and there needs to be a consideration of the different security elements needed in designing any such system. The term client/server was first used in the 1980s and referred to personal computers on a network."
Compares and contrasts Ousmane Sembene's and Nelson Mandela's visions of a postcolonial Africa and argues that Mandela's vision is more realistic and realizable.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract Ousmane Sembene and Nelson Mandela offer two visions of postcolonial Africa. Mandela envisions the future as promising and sees the possibility of cooperation between former oppressors and victims. He sees the struggle through the lens of the individual and envisions humanity as frail and yet filled with courage. He is optimistic and forgiving. Sembene is not as forgiving and his vision is one more of protest. He does not see the possibility of cooperation and envisions the struggle through the lens of the collective, rather than through the individual. Overall, Mandela has the more realizable vision, because it is more tuned into the real world and understanding of human nature. There cannot be perfection and a society must ultimately try to reconcile its differences.
Abstract This is a paper about vision loss strategies and interventions for students with visual loss in dealing with reading and writing.The paper looks at strategies aimed at both students with low vision and students with total vision loss.
Tags:vision loss strategies and interventions, students with visual loss, reading and writing
Abstract This paper examines the way in which clients at an agency are affected by general labels being ascribed to them. The paper explains that it is evident that their reactions are influenced by a number of factors, including their self-esteem, their perception of their relationship with the agency and its personnel and the style of communication used by the personnel they interact with. The paper contends that as a result, agency personnel should be aware of these issues and address them accordingly.
Abstract This clearly written paper presents an understanding into the basic physiology of the eye and how it responds to light which in effect begins the visual process. The writer of this paper delves into the anatomy of the eye as well as the brain's association to the concept of light. The writer contends and explains why the human eye is basically a fully functioning, self contained camera with a never ending supply of power. The eye functions mainly by permitting light to pass through the cornea which acts in the same manner as a camera's aperture. The writer delves into the field of evolution by contending that sight and vision are a crucial aspect in mankind's evolutionary progress. This paper also contains three illustrative graphics relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Light and the Sun
Human Eye Anatomy
Vision Function
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Our planet is as it is because of the main function of the sun. The sun is the center and most likely the most critical part of our solar system because of the light it offers to feed our planet and drive all life. There is little doubt from a scientific perspective that our planet would be greatly altered without the sun and most likely would have no life. For living creatures to evolve, expand and thrive, they have had to learn to function on the ideas or concepts of sensing light in some way.
This notion applies to all living creature on our planet and therefore could be considered to be an almost universal law. Consider that all plants utilize light through the concept of photosynthesis to feed themselves and mammals and other life forms utilize light to hunt, mate and preserve themselves through the cycles of light that are present."
Abstract One of the most important rites in the Lakota religion is the vision quest. This paper goes on to elaborate on this area of the Lakota religion.
Abstract This paper explains that Victoria Hospital is currently undergoing the process of organizational change and that they must highlight their future plans and courses of action. The paper then proceeds to describe how the hospital's vision and mission statement should be developed as well as some of the strategies of operation it should adopt.
Outline:
Victoria Hospital Vision Statement
Mission Statement
Victoria Hospital Strategies
From the Paper "The mission statement takes on step further and communicates the audience the core competencies and the features on which the organization will base its actions in order to retrieve success. Furthermore, it also points out the main focuses of the organization in reaching their goals. For instance, a basic mission statement for a for-profit organization would be to offer their clients the best products and services and integrate the employees into the corporate culture, while in the same time registering profits. The mission statement is an important tool for communicating corporate objectives and commitment and it is addressed to all stakeholders, such as employees, clients, or patients in the case of Victoria Hospital, business partners or the general audience. The mission statement has to be developed by keeping in mind the corporate values and goals. For the Victoria Hospital, these are: dedicated personnel, the usage of advanced technologies and commitment to preserving and improving patient's health. However due to financial cuts, the management at Victoria Hospital desires to increase their profits, this will not be stated in the mission."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the clinician/client relationship, created through the use of psychotherapy, is highly important when it comes to bringing about a radical transformation within the client. The writer points out that with reflective listening, the client is made to understand his/her problems from the bottom up and thus be convinced that the clinician truly cares about his or her mental predicament. In addition, the writer shows that reflective listening also creates a kind of symbiotic balance in which both client and clinician exist and function as one entity. With motivational interviewing, the process is relatively identical except for the direct focus upon creating motivation for positive change within the client. Thus, the writer demonstrates that psychotherapy, especially when based on the client-centered techniques of reflective listening and motivational interviewing, can bring about dramatic change in a person and result in a much better lifestyle for the client, yet only when the clinician is highly-skilled in the art of human relationships.
Outline:
General Definition
Psychotherapy--The Clinician Viewpoint
The Client Viewpoint
Client-Centered Psychotherapy
Reflective Listening
Motivational Interviewing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "For the clinician, whether a psychotherapist or a psychiatrist, there are three main goals to be accomplished during a session or a series of sessions with a client. First, the clinician must do everything within his/her ability to alleviate psychological pain which often comes in the form of distressing feelings or emotions, such as anxiety or depression, or in the form of symptoms like phobia, obsessions, compulsions, inhibitions, panic attacks, psychologically-based physical problems, sexual problems and types of mental derangement which prevent the clinician from accomplishing any or all of these traits. Also, the clinician must be able to set the client at ease, either through emotional comfort or by creating a new sense of happiness in the areas which are disturbing to the client."
Abstract The work of Carl Rogers has contributed in substantial ways to the development of psychotherapy. There exists an extraordinarily extensive amount of writing about the value of his research, his clinical work, his methods, his style, and his profound impact on therapy. This paper poses the question, "Could interpretation of projective testing aid the process of reflection and clarification of communication between client and therapist during client centered (Rogerian) therapy"?. The paper provides a critical analysis of Rogers's work and into "projective testing" itself. There are many forms of projective testing and diverse opinions with reference to projective testing. This paper critiques and analyzes several of them, using existing research in order to best formulate an informed answer for the central question being posed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Carl Rogers's Life and the Seeds of his Interest in Psychology
Client-Centered Therapy and Listening to the Client Professional Responses to and Critiques of Client-Centered Therapy
Process of Reflection and Clarification in Client-Centered Therapy
Projective Measures / Projective Testing: an Introduction
The History ? and Methods of ? Projective Testing
Six of the Best-Known Projective Tests
Zeroing in on Spurious Therapists and Rorschach Projective Testing
Rogerian Reflection and Projective Testing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Sir Francis Galton is generally given credit for devising the first projective test, which the British explorer and intellectual researcher developed in 1879. His test consisted of a word-association challenge; subjects were given a set of words and asked to produce a "first response" to each word. Following Galton's work, Carl Jung ? a Swiss psychiatrist and renowned prot?g? of Freud ? utilized a word-association test in combination with blood pressure measuring devices to detect what he called ?complexes.? Those complexes were "constellations of feelings and thoughts organized around an emotionally charged issue" (Lilienfeld). And Jung believed that a "delayed or physiologically pronounced response to a word" can indicate the existence of a complex."
Abstract This paper demonstrates that associations between a client and a social worker or specialist require identification of the specific needs unique to the client. The paper describes concepts such as resistance and defense and transference and empathy, which can be changed according to the needs of the client. The paper shows how the client must be approached as an individual with personal problems and given aid according to the type and nature of these problems.
Outline:
Introduction
Resistance and Defense
Transference and Empathy
Interpretations
Working Through
Jung's Analytical Psychology
Conclusion
From the Paper "The concept area of resistance and defense is used to explore how a client copes with stress, especially in scenarios in which conflict is found. Resistance and defense are sometimes defined as "coping strategies" as these are behaviors that the client manifests in order to create a desirable outcome, but this is a misleading term. Rather, resistance and defense are barricades enacted by the client to avoid facing issues or dealing with circumstances that cause some form of personal stress."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the possible causes of age-related vision loss. The writer looks into the matter of possible treatment for such kind of vision loss. Further the writer examines how vision loss may affect the person, physically, emotionally, intellectually and/or psychologically. The writer concludes that the effect of age-related vision loss is highly dependent on how the person accepts the severity of his or her case. For those who can accept it positively, they will then subject themselves for various treatments thereby minimizing the negative impact of vision loss. However, the writer points out that for those who may find it very hard to accept the fact that they are actually having difficulty to see things clearly, they would have the tendency not to seek any help or treatment from the registered medical professionals. This in turn would heighten the negative impact of their vision loss. This paper includes diagrams of statistics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Vision Loss
Impacts of Age-related Vision Loss
Works Cited
From the Paper "Vision impairment is defined as the vision that is 20/40 or worse in the better eye even with glasses. In America, more or less 6.5 million people who have reached the age of 55 are suffering from blindness or severe vision loss. Further, it was also found out that one in every six people who reached the age of 65 and one in every three who reached 85 and above years old are having problems with some degree of vision loss. These numbers are continuously rising as the years go by. Indeed, age-related eye diseases are found to be the most common cause of blindness and vision impairment."
