Abstract
This paper examines how a working alliance can come in various forms and how it is the relationship between the therapist and the client that is composed of the bond, goals, and tasks. The paper outlines a therapeutic relationship between a counselor and an adolescent male. The context, relationship plan (bond), evaluation strategies, and maintenance plan are all discussed in a detailed manner.

Outline:
Introduction
Context
Game Plan
Evaluation Plan
Maintenance Plan
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Success in terms of goal achievement and completion of tasks is a result of a strong bond. If the plan for a working alliance did not work, it would be evident through resistant behaviors from Jesse, an ability to move progress from both parties, and a simple level of discomfort during sessions. Should such indicators occur, the bond would have to be re-established and the goals of therapy re-iterated. In the initial phase, Phil would attempt to create a relationship and climate by making Jesse feel comfortable. One strategy was to take the initial sessions outside of the office. Perhaps Jesse felt that Phil was being insincere in his desire to get to know him. A second strategy might be to begin the relationship through e-mail correspondence."

Tags:Choice, William, Glasser

Abstract
This paper provides a review of the 2005 article by Fisher, Matthews and Selvidge, which discusses counseling behaviors associated with gay, lesbian and bisexual clients, and how counselors may have varying attitudes toward these clients, affecting the treatment of societal groups and their ability to progress throughout life. The paper asserts that this article is unique because it provides information on an issue that generally receives little investigation and that suggests that societal influences may have an impact on individuals, regardless of their profession.

From the Paper
"Fisher, Matthews and Selvidge (2005) present an article on counseling behaviors associated with gay, lesbian and bisexual clients that are afflicted with additions (57). The article is unique because is discusses how counselors may have varying attitudes toward these clients, affecting the treatment of societal groups and their ability to progress throughout life. The article provided information on an issue that generally receives little investigation and that suggests that societal influences may have an impact on individuals, regardless of their profession. The article also ..."

Tags:gender, bias, orientation, psychology, practitioner

Abstract
This paper explains that the continuous quality improvement (CQI) process management approach, which is a spin-off of the Deming/Crosby/Juran total quality management (TQM) approach, is particularly useful for the healthcare industry. The author points out that CQI demands a commitment by the organization to a customer and client-oriented focus. The paper relates that the CQI philosophy underscores the need to dedicate the total organization's involvement in a holistic fashion rather than merely targeting very specific defects.

From the Paper
"At present, Tulane University uses the FOCUS-PDCA Methodology in its approach to management. This is another process-centered approach, like the early work of Deming, Crosby, and Juran. It stresses questioning why something does not work, much like the scientific method and like CQI. Thus, FOCUS-PDCA Methodology is a kind of root cause analysis to the 'whys' of a process failure. Its approach is complementary to CQI. Its orientation is on how the knowledge of the functioning of a process can be tested, changed and improved."

Tags:holistic, deming, client-oriented, statistics, graphic

Abstract
A therapist with an experiential family therapy orientation must absolutely be committed to joining with clients, and to making a special attempt to develop a therapeutic relationship with them. This approach accords with the method first laid down by Carl Whitaker, whose clinical style is the foundation for experiential family therapy.

From the Paper
Experiential Family Therapy: An Introduction A therapist with an experiential family therapy orientation must absolutely be committed to joining with clients, and to making a special attempt to develop a therapeutic relationship with them. This approach accords with the method first laid down by Carl Whitaker, whose clinical style is the foundation for experiential family therapy. In experiential family therapy, the job of the therapist is to break through into the symbolic world of the family, upset it, and terminate. Whitaker's own methods of breaking through were firmly grounded in an unconventional approach to the therapeutic relationship, as Connell,

Tags:experiential, family, therapy

Abstract
This paper analyzes the article, "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Reflections on the Evolution of a Therapeutic Orientation" by M.R. Goldfried, which presents an account of the evolution of cognitive-behavior therapy over the past 35 years, since it began with the introduction of cognition into behavior therapy in the mid-1960s. It examines how, as cognitive-behavior therapists became more experienced clinically and recognized that clients did not always engage in clearly reportable internal dialogues, the schema construct was used to understand more about clients' implicit meaning structures. The distinction between cognitive-behavior therapy and cognitive therapy is discussed, and the importance of activating emotional experiencing in the clinical change-process is underscored.

From the Paper
"Goldfried discusses many justifications for the addition of cognition in behavior therapy and even discusses situations of therapy sessions that institute them. Psychologists came to realize that patients might not have the capacity to store, encode, and retrieve information needed for participation in therapy with a clear "internal dialogue". Thus, establishing an information-processing model, called a "schema", helped therapists understand the problematic functioning of patients having difficulties such as inaccurate classification of events, selective attention, and so on. Goldfried goes on to define a schema as "a cognitive representation of individuals' past experiences with other people, situations, and themselves, which helps them construe events within that particular aspect of their life"."

Tags:schema, information, processing, model, retrival

Abstract
This paper takes a look at counseling gays and lesbians. It looks at this group from a cultural standpoint, going through the history of the culture and the discrimination it has faced, as well as the continuing discrimination it experiences. It looks at how counselors can be more sensitive to the issues that face gays and lesbians who seek counseling. Some of these issues include how family dynamics affect the counseling relationship, sexually transmitted diseases, and how the discrimination against this population can affect the client. This paper also looks at the steps counselors can take to become more aware of this population and how they can increase their multicultural awareness towards this group, all in the hopes of providing the best client-therapist relationship possible.

From the Paper
"Attitudes toward homosexuality are complex and multifaceted (Davies, 2004). Many people have mixed feelings about gays, lesbians and bisexuals. There is a lot of controversy over what causes people to prefer one sexual orientation over another. Some professionals believe it is organic, while others think it is a learned behavior. Many factors also contribute to the treatment of gays, lesbians and bisexual (LGB) clients. To understand many of these issues the history of the population, discrimination factors, and current problems facing this group need to be looked at."

Tags:competent, ethical, clients, therapists, sexual, orientation, negative, reaction, nonheterosexual

Abstract
This paper investigates the ethical considerations considered to be the most important to consumers when advertising in countries where the market has mixed religious and secular moral traditions. Specifically, the study investigates what advice should be provided to client companies regarding marketing ethical sensitivities for Chinese customers. It compares the differences, if any, between Chinese and European markets in respect to the offensiveness of the execution of the promotional material. It then links this to religious affiliation, temporality orientation and polychronicity. A summary of the research, conclusions, and recommendations for business leaders in China and Europe are provided in the conclusion.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Research Methodology
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Key Words
Review of the Related Literature
Data Analysis
Summary and Recommendations

From the Paper
"4. As noted above, because Germany represents the largest trading partner with China of the current EU members, Chinese business leaders should concentrate on training their marketers in German customs and business practices - and the language itself wherever possible - and their German counterparts should likewise do the same for China according to the similar and dissimilar cross-cultural factors identified by Hofstede and their own empirical observations. Given the complexities of the Chinese language, and the polyglot of languages spoken throughout the European continent, and the enormity of the Chinese geographic area and its vast range of unique differences, though, it is reasonable to assume that a lingua franca of English and perhaps French in such marketing initiatives will continue to prevail for negotiating purposes, and there will be an increasing reliance on local national Chinese interpreters to help EU marketers better present their advertising materials in a fashion that is inoffensive to Chinese students' aesthetic and cultural sensibilities."

Tags:temporality, orientation, polychronicity, promotional

Abstract
The paper discusses how contemporary health care delivery systems are changing their view of health care. Hospitals and conventional medical centers are moving from individual oriented health care systems to community based health care systems. The paper explains that nursing students are now encouraged to view the community as their primary client and develop nursing interventions that appropriately address the needs of the community as their client. This includes providing interventions at the aggregate level. The paper emphasizes the importance of defining a community and focuses on delivering primary care within a community experiencing increasing levels of family violence.

Outline:
Concept of Community
Community vs. Aggregate
Levels of Prevention

From the Paper
"Various service providers define community in multiple ways. It is important one understand each of these varying definitions to determine how the needs of the community within the health care environment can best be addressed. One may define community as including the health care delivery team including nurses and physicians working to help individual clients as well as the client, their family and related members of the community that can all participate in decision making and problem solving at the community level (Caretto & McCormick, 1991). Crichton et al. (1997) defines community as a team of collective individuals within a given target population. St. Martin (1996) suggests that community health centers are organizations that focus on health promotion and health care for specific populations that constitute a "community."

Tags:aggregate, individual, physician, primary

Abstract
The paper discusses the service industry, noting that profitability and viability are primary concerns among today's service markets. The paper states that service-oriented firms in today's market have to work in a competitive industry, one where the viability of a firm is contingent on the loyal influx of clients. The paper concludes that the secret to success is a firm's ability to recognize what their client wants, rather than providing general benefits to customers.

From the Paper
"There are more opportunities now than ever before for firms to retain quality and loyal customers Ganesh, Arnold and Reynolds (2000). The secret to success is a firm's ability to recognize what their client or customer base wants, rather than providing general benefits to customers. Because the world of technology has "globalized" the marketplace, and more so than ever before consumers are technology oriented, any hospitality service should look at their knowledgeable customer base and determine what motivates them to use their services and recommend their services to others."

Tags:hospitality, service, motivation

Abstract
This paper explains that the supervision of counseling professionals, as a field of practice, began as part of the training process in psychoanalysis and has developed into two methods: Approach-oriented and eclectic. The author points out that there are five ethical principles in the "good practice" strategy for evaluating in a supervisory/counseling environment: Fidelity, justice, beneficence, non-malfeasance and autonomy. The paper relates that the abuse especially sexual contact of the client by the counselor ranks as the most egregious.

Table of Contents
Counseling and Psychoanalysis
Ethics and Responsibilities

From the Paper
"The fact that psychoanalysis was the footing, the foundation, of what today has emerged as "counseling" and "counseling supervision" - professions that very clearly stand on their own - is germane to this book's entire editorial thrust. Indeed, on page 10 the authors state that it is "necessary," when approaching the counselor's "emotional and psychological material" regarding that counselor's client, to "engage in what amounts to therapeutic work" with that counselor."

Tags:psychoanalysis, ethical, sex, abuse, environment