Abstract
The paper discusses client centered therapy, a concept that was developed by Carl Rogers throughout the 1940s and 50s. The paper explores how the focus of the therapy is on the client, as the therapist allows the client to discuss issues within his or her life. Through the client's own words he or she is capable of discovering answers to life issues, being supported by the therapist through questions and answer, clarification of thoughts, or restating situations. The paper further discusses how client-centered therapy is a non-directed approach in which the therapist allows the client to talk and discuss answers by themselves.

From the Paper
"Events in life can often lead the individual to doubt whether he or she has any control over the present or the future. As conditions mount at different crossroads of existence, the feeling or powerlessness begins to extend into every realm of being. This was the condition of this writer's world a few years ago after a painful divorce and the death of my father. It was at that time, therefore, that counseling seemed the only method of recovery. The initial point of attending therapy was to be capable of handling that moment in time. What was discovered, however, was that I had not lost the power to control my world; I had only briefly lost my way."

Tags:client, centered, therapy

Abstract
The paper provides the client's identifying information and history. The paper describes the client as a 52 year-old female, Emily Hoff, with two children, ages 20 and 28 (both female) that live in the home. The paper relates that both children attend college and rely on their parents for complete support, Emily is divorced from her first husband and is in the progress of divorcing her second husband, although the husband still lives in the family home, Emily was a teacher for 25 years, although she left her teaching position to remain in the home, she is now completely dependent on her second husband for an income and is seeking a job due to the impending divorce. The paper notes that Outside of her immediate family, Emily has a mother that is in a nursing home, whom she visits each weekend, Emily has been estranged from her father for a long period and is unaware of his whereabouts, the client has one older brother, age 60, that lives close by and is married. The paper mentions that the client does see the brother often, although the brother and his wife are alcoholics and the primary reason for the sibling contact is for the brother to request financial or emotional assistance from Emily.

From the Paper
"Identifying information and history. The client is a 52 year-old female, Emily Hoff. Emily has two children, ages 20 and 28 (both female) that live in the home. Both children attend college and rely on their parents for complete support. Emily is divorced from her first husband and is in the progress of divorcing her second husband, although the husband still lives in the family home. Emily was a teacher for 25 years, although she left her teaching position to remain in the home. She is now completely dependent on her second husband for an income and is seeking a job due to..."

Tags:psych, therapy, client

Abstract
This paper analyzes several studies regarding the influence of gender on the counselor - client relationship. In particular, the studies draw attention to the importance of looking at gender in the counselor-client relationship and its impact on behavior change. In particular, the author uses the stages of changes of the transtheoretical model to explore the ability of a client to change. The theory is described at length and according to its various stages. The paper concludes with a consideration of male psychotherapy clients and their perceptions and willingness to change.

From the Paper
"Research studies with respect to gender in counseling vis-a-vis the impact of a counselor's gender in a client's ability to change have been sparse and equivocal showing a need for further research in the area. Of the studies that have been done with respect to the impact of gender in counseling focused on matching counselor and client based on a number of variables such as ethnicity, gender, and language (Hall, Guterman, et al., 2002). Such studies usually focused on only one ethnic group. Some studies focused clients' preference for specific counselor characteristics. Other studies focused on predicting client expectations in counseling (Robitschek & Hershberger, 2005). There have also been studies investigating the interaction of male clients' characteristics and male counselors' gender role conflict as a basis for counselor bias (Wisch, 1997). Wisch (1997) noted a number of theoretical works that point to the significance of a counselor's gender as a potential influence on the counseling process."

Tags:counselor-client, relationship, gender, therapy, psychotherapy

Abstract
The writer relates that caring requires commitment, knowledge and skills which seemed very complex at first, however, this writer learned to observe the connections between the purpose of the nurse-client relationship and communication strategies and skills. The writer discusses how therapeutic communication strategies are used to learn of the client's needs and concerns and therapeutic communication is essential in nursing for the sake of information, support, and empowering clients so that they can cope with their situation.

From the Paper
"Caring requires commitment, knowledge and skills which seemed very complex at first. However, I learned to observe the connections between the purpose of the nurse-client relationship and communication strategies and skills. Therapeutic communication strategies are used to learn of the client's needs and concerns. Therapeutic communication is essential in nursing for the sake of information, support, and empowering clients so that they can cope with their situation. The nurse-client relationship is the very center of nursing and does not happen automatically but instead is intentionally established by the..."

Tags:nurse, client, communication

Abstract
"This paper discusses security for client/server computing and how to develop it, noting that term client/server was first used in the 1980s and referred to personal computers on a network. The paper shows that information security refers to the need to protect the data being transferred over a network or stored in a computer, with threats from outsiders, from the system itself if it does not maintain data and assure validity, and from other threats to privacy as well.

From the Paper
"Computer security is a major issue in a number of computing situations. Information security refers to the need to protect the data being transferred over a network or stored in a computer. Data security can be compromised in a number of ways, such as being accessed by unauthorized personnel, intercepted during a transfer, or otherwise transferred to a different computer system. Security is a concern for different types of computer system, and there needs to be a consideration of the different security elements needed in designing any such system. The term client/server was first used in the 1980s and referred to personal computers on a network."

Tags:client, server, computing

Abstract
This paper analyzes the ethical code for social workers that emphasizes the confidentiality of the client and suggests that the privacy and the trust that a client puts into the social worker must not be breached regardless of the situation.

Tags:confidentiality, clients, trust

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the clinician/client relationship, created through the use of psychotherapy, is highly important when it comes to bringing about a radical transformation within the client. The writer points out that with reflective listening, the client is made to understand his/her problems from the bottom up and thus be convinced that the clinician truly cares about his or her mental predicament. In addition, the writer shows that reflective listening also creates a kind of symbiotic balance in which both client and clinician exist and function as one entity. With motivational interviewing, the process is relatively identical except for the direct focus upon creating motivation for positive change within the client. Thus, the writer demonstrates that psychotherapy, especially when based on the client-centered techniques of reflective listening and motivational interviewing, can bring about dramatic change in a person and result in a much better lifestyle for the client, yet only when the clinician is highly-skilled in the art of human relationships.

Outline:
General Definition
Psychotherapy--The Clinician Viewpoint
The Client Viewpoint
Client-Centered Psychotherapy
Reflective Listening
Motivational Interviewing
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"For the clinician, whether a psychotherapist or a psychiatrist, there are three main goals to be accomplished during a session or a series of sessions with a client. First, the clinician must do everything within his/her ability to alleviate psychological pain which often comes in the form of distressing feelings or emotions, such as anxiety or depression, or in the form of symptoms like phobia, obsessions, compulsions, inhibitions, panic attacks, psychologically-based physical problems, sexual problems and types of mental derangement which prevent the clinician from accomplishing any or all of these traits. Also, the clinician must be able to set the client at ease, either through emotional comfort or by creating a new sense of happiness in the areas which are disturbing to the client."

Tags:disorders, techniques, behavioral, therapy

Abstract
The work of Carl Rogers has contributed in substantial ways to the development of psychotherapy. There exists an extraordinarily extensive amount of writing about the value of his research, his clinical work, his methods, his style, and his profound impact on therapy. This paper poses the question, ?Could interpretation of projective testing aid the process of reflection and clarification of communication between client and therapist during client centered (Rogerian) therapy??. The paper provides a critical analysis of Rogers?s work and into ?projective testing? itself. There are many forms of projective testing and diverse opinions with reference to projective testing. This paper critiques and analyzes several of them, using existing research in order to best formulate an informed answer for the central question being posed.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Carl Rogers?s Life and the Seeds of his Interest in Psychology
Client-Centered Therapy and Listening to the Client
Professional Responses to and Critiques of Client-Centered Therapy
Process of Reflection and Clarification in Client-Centered Therapy
Projective Measures / Projective Testing: an Introduction
The History ? and Methods of ? Projective Testing
Six of the Best-Known Projective Tests
Zeroing in on Spurious Therapists and Rorschach Projective Testing
Rogerian Reflection and Projective Testing
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Sir Francis Galton is generally given credit for devising the first projective test, which the British explorer and intellectual researcher developed in 1879. His test consisted of a word-association challenge; subjects were given a set of words and asked to produce a "first response" to each word. Following Galton's work, Carl Jung - a Swiss psychiatrist and renowned prot?g? of Freud - utilized a word-association test in combination with blood pressure measuring devices to detect what he called ?complexes.? Those complexes were "constellations of feelings and thoughts organized around an emotionally charged issue" (Lilienfeld). And Jung believed that a "delayed or physiologically pronounced response to a word" can indicate the existence of a complex."

Tags:Alfred, Binet, Galton, Inkblot, test

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that associations between a client and a social worker or specialist require identification of the specific needs unique to the client. The paper describes concepts such as resistance and defense and transference and empathy, which can be changed according to the needs of the client. The paper shows how the client must be approached as an individual with personal problems and given aid according to the type and nature of these problems.

Outline:
Introduction
Resistance and Defense
Transference and Empathy
Interpretations
Working Through
Jung's Analytical Psychology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The concept area of resistance and defense is used to explore how a client copes with stress, especially in scenarios in which conflict is found. Resistance and defense are sometimes defined as "coping strategies" as these are behaviors that the client manifests in order to create a desirable outcome, but this is a misleading term. Rather, resistance and defense are barricades enacted by the client to avoid facing issues or dealing with circumstances that cause some form of personal stress."

Tags:resistance, defense, transference, empathy, Jung, psychotherapy

Abstract
This paper discusses one of the aspects of social work that is extremely challenging, which is to create a profile of a client in a manner that is readable and conveys the circumstances of the client that has contributed to their status as an at-risk individual. It explains that while it is easy to create a profile that explores the problems faced by the client, it is difficult to create one in which a rationale for the client past present and future decision making processes are evident.

From the Paper
"One of the aspects of social work that is extremely challenging is to create a profile of a client in a manner that is readable and conveys the circumstances of the client that has contributed to their status as an at-risk individual. However, while it is easy to create a profile that explores the problems faced by the client, it is difficult to create one in which a rationale for the client's past, present, and future decision-making processes are evident. In order to better understand the client's motivation, it is necessary that these processes be fully explored and integrated into the client's case profile. This current paper is a practice exercise in exploring the motivation of a fictional client, Clarice, and the conditions of her case, and is written in the first person. The Setting The setting in which the client was approached is Leeward Hall, an ..."

Tags:social, work, addiction