Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most useful aspects of modern poetry as a literary medium is that poetry has the unique ability to take the words of a cliche and use the intense language of the poetic medium to force readers to reconsider that cliche in a new light. The author points out that the cliche in Robert Frost's poem "Mending Wall" is "Good Fences make Good Neighbors" and Wilfred Owens' "Dulce et Decorum est" (It is sweet and right to die for your country) depicts a man being gassed during the First World War. The paper relates that Owens' poem takes the form an observation, not a stilted conversation as in "Mending Wall"; in "Dulce et Decorum est" the man dies before the poet's eyes and rather than argue with the man as in Frost's poem.

From the Paper
"The poet uses this specificity of language for similar reasons as to Frost-to set the scene and to verify the poet's knowledge and right to question the cliche at the heart of the poem, but Owens seems even more careful to show that he is a solider, than Frost is to show that he is a farmer and a property owner. Owens does not use metaphors like Frost does, about imagining the stranger as like a savage of old, or dwell on common and natural details. Owens' specific place names and technical references are all unexplained, and are often details and names only a soldier would know and notice, in contrast to apples and pine as in Frost, which not only a farmer would be acquainted with."

Tags:observation, conversation, gas, metaphors, recollection

Abstract
This paper looks at the two forms of meaning found within cliches that deal with aspects of the body or the human being, where addressing components of the phrase and the origins of the phrase will demonstrate the etymology of a given cliche. This process is applied to selected phrases that have passed into common use, and where the true origins of the phrase are no longer viewed in connection with the phrase itself. Three commonly used phrases - the battle of the bulge, dead wood, and devil's advocate -are used to express the truth found within the cliche itself and within its historical origins.

Abstract
This essay,entitled "Oedipus the King" tries to take a fresh look at this play which has become one of the most oversimplified and cliched of all works of literature, considering it from the perspective a member of the Chorus of Theban Elders who approach their great king in a time of crisis only to find that in his inflexibility, he cannot help them but in the end succeeds only in bring terrible tragedy upon himself and the entire city.

From the Paper
OEDIPUS THE KING One of the difficulties with Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus the King is that we have become so familiar with the story, so familiar with the Freudian complex, that we have forgotten the original drama, and how much mystery must have unfolded before the audience that saw the drama for the first time. Further, in our modernity, we tend to be fixated by our views of fatalism and fate. This creates a tendency to reduce the entire drama to a crude idea of Oedipus as a puppet, buffeted about by controlling forces, crushed for no good reason. Such a simplistic reading of the play is reduces it

Tags:oedipus, sophocles, fate

Abstract
The following paper will look at the comprehensive topic of environmental education, its history, its philosophy (and the origins of this philosophy), and the trends which appear to be animating it. In so doing, it will be argued that environmental education (in the sense of teaching students about the natural world and in the sense of using the natural world to impart valuable life-lessons) has a vital role to play in the optimization of constructivist teaching; it will also, just as significantly, be impressed upon the reader that environmental education brings into sharp relief the symbiotic and mutually-interdependent relationship of humanity to the natural world. Finally, this paper will argue that the ascent of environmental education has provoked a reformulation of Christianity tenets vis-a-vis the environment that might well make the religion appealing once more in an increasingly secular world. In the final analysis, concepts such as "environmentalism," "ecological conscientiousness," and "conservation" are not mere words but tools that can be utilized in the service of educating young people, building a more cohesive, stable human community that respects itself and the natural environment, and in enlivening religious principles and tenets that some might have dismissed as hoary, antiquated and cliched.

From the Paper
Foundations and Trends of Environmental Education: The History, Philosophical Underpinnings, and Enduring Trends of Environmental Education - with Emphasis also upon the role of Christian Ethics and Philosophy in Inspiring a Cooperative and Symbiotic Relationship with Nature The following paper will look at the comprehensive topic of environmental education, its history, its philosophy (and the origins of this philosophy), and the trends which appear to be animating it. In so doing, it will be argued that environmental education (in the sense of teaching students about the natural world and in the sense of using the natural

Tags:environment, ecology, christianity

Abstract
This paper explains that written communications, via memos, emails, presentation speeches, and even evaluations, are a mainstay in any corporate environment and are used in day-to-day affairs. The author points out that the the basic elements of writing are style, punctuation, and avoidance of the use of clich's or jargon. The paper relates that the more clear-cut and well-defined the writing, the less room there is for misinterpretation leading to later problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Effective Written Communication
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Having good writing skills and abilities will also facilitate improved oral communications among employees. Those employees that are able to put their thoughts down on paper accurately and precisely are more likely to engage in oral communication that is directed and focused. Because of this one of the skills that might be considered for inclusion in the workshop might be translating written word into oral communications."

Tags:misinterpretation, oral, jargon, punctuation, style

Abstract
In the history of literature there have been many a Christ-like martyr, appearing flawless in order to save the damned human race. The paper shows that Harriet Beecher Stowe goes beyond this clich? in "Uncle Tom?s Cabin", creating an image of an angelic female child who embodies within her the supernatural strength needed to overcome the forces of sin. The paper shows that in the novel, slavery is doomed through Eva?s lasting effect on the reader?s emotional response to slavery. Little Eva?s fervent examples of compassion convey her power to reform the people whose lives she touches, while her sacrificial death leaves slavery in demand of urgent justification. The paper shows that lacking a valid excuse, the powerful metaphor of the scene of her death holds the readers responsible for letting her legacy of good will be instrumental to our own sense of righteousness, thus preventing outrages such as slavery from ever again being created.

From the Paper
"Despite the inadequateness of the world we live in, Stowe offers a strong plea not to judge all mothers by the example of Marie, and not to give up the all-American ideals of freedom on the basis of one defect occurrence such as slavery. We see the hope for a better future come to life in the character of Eva, a daughter born out of necessity for redemption. Eva's name Evangeline reveals her function in the novel, as it is "based on the root evangel, which means "gospel" and is derived from the Greek euangelion, "good news"" (Donovan 76). Indeed, Eva acts as an apostle of good fortune to all she comes in contact with, the most important event being her influential urging that St. Clare buy Tom, thus saving Tom from the auction. This will be counter balanced in the novel by Marie's cold determination to ignore her late daughter and husband's passionate resolutions to free Tom, because the despicable selfish "belle" cannot be troubled by such trivialities while suffering from her own sense of loss (Donovan 81)."

Tags:clare, motherhood, jesus, Evangeline

Abstract
The following paper defines "classic" as of enduring interest, quality or style; traditional or typical; a traditional or typical event. This applies when considering historical events and writing that can be compared and contrasted to what has happened since and currently. The writer makes reference to a well-known cliche that people are doomed to repeat history they do not understand. This is based on the fact that in the human condition, certain situations are recurring themes. The latter is the focus of this paper. The writer contends that an understanding of the past is integral to improving and furthering society of the future. Simply, we can review events, literature and opinions of the past, compare them with what has happened recently or what is happening now, say "This is like that", and learn from those who have gone before. This paper makes reference to both blacks and women who have experienced exclusion and discounting of their sociological positions based solely on either their color or gender, regardless of the "rationality" of their arguments, which carries on until today. Thus the well-known cliche that people are doomed to repeat history is well-supported in this writer's argument.

From the Paper
"In readings of the oppressors and the oppressed, a recurring theme can be noted: it is integral that the "oppressed" be seen as something "other", or outside the same rights and protections that are afforded to those in power. Those in power attempt to make a rationale for denying oppressed people equal rights by assumption or argument that they are less than "people". If we take this concept and apply it to the United States prior to the Civil War, we can see that there were two large groups of people who were seen as "the other": slaves and women.The founding documents of the United States were phrased in terms that were very familiar to the people of the time; there was no doubt that the "equality" promised was to be equality amongst white, male landowners. Although the revolution in the United States was groundbreaking and socially shocking for its time " something like colonists revolting against their mother country because of the lack of representation and denial of personal and property rights had never been done before " it also contained a perpetuation of certain social rights and economic benefits assumed to be only due to white males in the world at the time."

Tags:identifiable, significant, windows, human, condition, strive, freedom, liberty, oppressing, clich?, understanding, past, integral, improving, furthering, society, future

Abstract
The author states "Good Country People" by Flannery O'Connor is a story that illustrates how deceptive appearances can be. The author continues the story line exemplifies that errors are made when people hide behind their own cliched perceptions instead of thinking clearly about situations. The author feels that the plot makes the ending effective and leaves the reader with their eyes open wide, much like Hulga, the main character.

From the Paper
"The story opens with the theme of hiding behind ones own perceptions by introducing the character of Mrs. Freeman. The story begins, not be telling the reader who Mrs. Freeman is, but by describing her two expressions, "forward and reverse." Mrs. Freeman is introduced as the character that makes up her mind about something, never reconsiders that opinion and never accepts that she may have been wrong. Opening in this way, establishes the theme of the story, because of the focus on how people appear. It also establishes the theme of how people think and especially, how people can make up their mind about something and then refuse to consider any other option. Finally, by telling the reader how Mrs. Freeman acts, but not whom she is, offers a test for the reader's own perceptions. The reader is forced to take the information given about her appearance and try to determine who she is. The reader then is not only reading about the subject of the story but also is taking part in the subject."

Tags:story, illustrate, deceptive, appearances, errors, clich?, perception, effective, hulga, character

Abstract
This paper explains the developmental history of our ever-changing English language. It includes French, British, Spanish and Italian influences on English. The paper discusses differences between written and spoken language and how slang, jargon, euphemisms, cliches and idioms can make English a difficult language to learn. The paper cites several examples of well-known cliches and jargon and explains their origins.

From the Paper
"In most languages there is a distinction between that which is written and that which is spoken, a difference between literature and colloquial speech. In written literature we can see the broad outlines of history, but the language of literature has historically been that of the ruling class. The spoken language, the common everyday speech, reveals the intimate, familiar lives of the people, even when reading and writing were limited to the upper classes. In his 1888 book, The Queen's English: A Manual of Idiom and Usage, Dean Henry Alford described the difference between written and spoken English at that time:
We must distinguish between the English which we speak, and that which we write. Many expressions are not only tolerated but required in conversation, which are not usually put on paper. Thus . . . everyone says 'can't', . . . 'won't' [and] 'isn't', . . . but we seldom see these contractions in books, except where a conversation is related. (Alford 57)"

Tags:slang, idioms, colloquial, speech, cliches, jargon, euphemisms, phrases

Abstract
This paper explains that Elizabeth Gaskell's short story "The Old Nurse's Story" from the Victorian period seems to challenge some of the predominate social norms of its era regarding gender roles; however, it does more to reinforce such roles than it does to dispute them. The author points out that the man is portrayed as a strong, silent type, one of the most archetypal cliches of the modern era. The paper relates that the woman in this book focuses on one of the oldest stereotypes regarding women., the maternal instinct, and the female characters are described by their physical attributes and emotional fragility.

From the Paper
"In a similar fashion, the gender roles of women are also dealt with quite extensively in "The Old Nurse's Story." There is, for instance, the fact that there is almost a fixation on the description of women's physical attributes throughout the course of the narrative. Of course, good fiction is always concerned with the depiction of details to heighten the sense of scene and character. This particular work, however, seems unusually hung up on using terms such as "such a beauty." That repetitive cycle of describing women as either beautiful, or not, seems to be a furtherance of the stereotype that one of the primary goals for a woman of the age was to be physically attractive."

Tags:victorian, stereotypes, cliches, maternal, beauty