Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the eventual creation of the Church of England by King Henry VIII. It discusses how, although problems with the Catholic Church did exist, on the whole society believed in its central teachings, participated in its operations and invested heavily, both emotionally and financially, in its future right up to and beyond the Parliament of 1529.

From the Paper
"Much of the reason why members of Parliament, who as lawyers and merchants had particular grievances with the Cardinal, allowed proceedings within the House to escalate - to the point that the Church itself was placed under the spotlight - might be sought in the satisfaction they drew from puncturing the taboo that the Church was beyond reproach. More plausibly, however, Parliament's eagerness to ridicule Wolsey stemmed from circumstances during the previous summer of 1528 when a severe outbreak of sweating illness broke out in London, claiming heavy casualties. A by-product of this epidemic was how it inadvertently contributed to shoring up the coffers of priests rather than doctors, since it led to the payment of more mortuary and probate fees. Such bitter experiences may have conceivably lingered in the mind of parliamentarians as a reason why debates were allowed to reach such venomous proportions. "

Tags:Wolsey, Henry, VIII, protestant, catholic

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the political and literary attitude of Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) and to discuss his anti-clericalism. We will argue that Chaucer was a satirist of all aspects of society, including the church.

Chaucer's name, like so much of his language, was of French origin. It meant shoemaker, and probably was pronounced "shosayr." He was the son of John Chaucer, a London vintner. He won a good education from both books and life. His poetry abounds in knowledge of men and women, literature and history. In 1357 "Geoffrey Chaucer" was officially listed in the service of the household of the future Duke of Clarence. Two years later he was off to the wars in France. He was captured, but was freed for a ransom, to which Edward III contributed. It was a pleasant custom of those days, which admired poetry and ... "

Abstract
This paper identifies strategies for keeping a clerical assistant motivated when faced with a huge task for which her base pay cannot be elevated.

From the Paper
"A clerical assistant that is about to be inundated with extra work is one whose motivation may be sorely tested, yet that motivation is necessary to keep the work going. There are several ways that I as a manager can motivate my overworked and underpaid clerical assistant without raising her salary. Both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are important but intrinsic rewards are often more meaningful if carefully thought out and they also cost little or nothing. One important factor in her motivation..."

Tags:clerical assistant, motivation, breaks, fun, feedback

Abstract
The paper relates that there are large differences as well as strong similarities between Boccaccio's "Decameron" and the "Heptameron" of Marguerite of Navarre. The paper notes that the works are separated by about two hundred years in time, and also by the difference between the French culture of Marguerite and the Italian culture of Boccaccio. Also, the paper relates that Boccaccio wrote in the time before the Protestant Reformation, and his work is clearly of a strong Catholic bent, despite his constant criticism and poking of fun at clerics and church bureaucrats.

From the Paper
"The are large differences as well as strong similarities between Boccaccio's "Decameron" and the "Heptameron" of Marguerite of Navarre. The works are separated by about two hundred years in time, and also by the difference between the French culture of Marguerite and the Italian culture of Boccaccio. Also, Boccaccio wrote in the time before the Protestant Reformation, and his work is clearly of a strong Catholic bent, despite his constant criticism and poking of fun at clerics and church bureaucrats. Marguerite, on the other hand, wrote during the time of the Reformation and put strong Protestant leanings in her work, which caused..."

Tags:boccaccio, heptameron, renaissance

Abstract
This paper examines the motives and success of the terrorists who perpetrated the 9/11 attacks on US targets. First, the paper contends that the Bush administration was reluctant to accept any internal responsibility for the security failings which facilitated the attack. It further suggests that American foreign policy helped provoke the attacks and that American intelligence foresaw them. Various scholars are cited who support this idea. The paper describes the attacks as being a result of the doctrine of Jihad that was being preached by fundamentalist Islamic clerics. The paper concludes by stating that the attacks could have been prevented had the US government heeded intelligence warnings.

From the Paper
"This message would be eerily similar in its tone and objectives to the statement which accompanied the first attacks on the World Trade Center. In 1994, a plot perpetrated by many of the same men who would mastermind the attacks on the same buildings 7 years later, would be accompanied by the demand to the United States that it abide three conditions: "1. Stop all military, economical, and political aid to Israel. 2. All diplomatic relations with Israel must stop. 3. Not to interfere with any of the Middle East countries interior affairs." (McDermott, 133) The hostility driven by its political perspective is here captured in concise detail and further fleshed out by the discussion which McDermott provides. In his text, a closer look at the biographical backgrounds of the men who would plan and carry out the hi-jackings demonstrates that while there may be some characteristics common to their respective profiles, all differed in backgrounds and circumstances. A variance of age, national identity, relationship status and other such characteristics means that each had a different set of parameters to contemplate in arriving at the decision to become a martyr for Islam."

Tags:Jihad, terrorism, terror networks, al Qaeda, Islamic fundamentalism

Abstract
The paper examines two editorials that take opposing views on the issue of same-sex marriage. One of the editorials argues that same-sex marriage and the re-definition of marriage is a human rights issue; the other editorial takes the view that compelling private clerics to marry homosexual couples is an abrogation of Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Expression protections delineated in the Canadian Charter.

From the Paper
"The debate over same-sex marriage in Canada is a heated one that shows no signs of going away any time soon. The following paper will examine the aforementioned articles with an eye towards elucidating what is at issue between the two opposing editorials, what the positions involved are and the reasons provided for their respective stances. The paper will also examine the ideological differences between the two sides and conclude by determining which of the two articles is the more persuasive and why this is so."

Tags:marriage, same, sex

Abstract
This paper explains that Machiavelli's advice regarding the conflict between the Iraqi insurgents and President Bush would be explicit regarding the governance of Iraq: Do not leave governance up to the democratic will of the people because this will only stimulate chaos and revolt and allow minority clerics to stimulate discontent among fundamentalist sympathizers in Iraq. The author points out that Machiavelli would see it foolish for 'Prince' George Bush's own interests to attempt to create a Constitutional democracy in Iraq, which would self-destruct, and thus endanger his own power. The paper relates that Plato from his ideal Socratic oligarchy might agree that democracy would not be the ideal path for Iraq to follow; the problem with Socrates' analysis is that he seems to suggest the most faithful rather than the most popular should hold political sway but, when philosophical correctness within the dominant faith is polarized between Sunni and Shiite, a religious theocracy would be a disaster.

From the Paper
"Machiavelli would see a democratically elected, Constitutional Prince as anathema and unwise in this situation. In Chapter V of "The Prince", he specifically denotes what should be done concerning the governance of "those states which have been acquired," as Iraq has, through warfare and occupation. For states unlike Iraq, that "have been accustomed to live under their own laws and in freedom," such states should be allowed to remain free and constitutionally governed. "Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.""

Tags:fundamentalist, anathema, prince, self-destruct, theocracy

Abstract
In this paper, the author discusses from a first-person perspective a self-assessment of his company. Several objectives are listed for this project, which include reading the company's annual report and human resources manual. Also suggested are various methods for measuring employee satisfaction and job performance. Some data is evaluated in the paper, and the author makes recommendations for improvement, especially with hiring and retaining clerical staff. The author suggests in his conclusion that the company implement the "360-degree Feedback performance appraisal system" to help with issues dealing with the clerical staff.

From the Paper
"One area in which I found a lack of motivation was the miscommunication between management and clerical workforce. Management would go out of town without telling anyone. The clerical staff is expected to answer phones and does not know where anybody is. Due to this, I saw a lack of trust on the clerical work force's part. That needs correcting. A lack of communication and trust are the top two motivational breakers. I would suggest management communicate better with the clerical workforce"

Tags:clerical staff, evaluation, staff retention, 360-degree Feedback performance appraisal

Abstract
In this article, the writer refers to papers that help to explain gender segregation in the Canadian workplace in the 20th century and subsequent developments including the Canadian Labor Movement's gradual attention to women and developments seeing women more often in unionized environments that lessened gender divisions. The writer notes that all of the articles are helpful to an understanding of topics broader than matters of labor and women for they allow glimpses of a Canadian society and culture quite transformed. The writer maintains that each paper should probably be read with consideration of all that the Canadian state did not provide to generic citizens or workers, imagining the orientations of workers, and employers, to what was acceptable or desirable, and possible, in a post-colonial economy of much alteration between the turn of the 20th century and the turn of the 21st century.

Outline:
Introduction
Graham S. Low on Clerical Work, 1901-1931
Craig Heron, Changes to 1945 and Beyond
Into the Present - a Reflection

From the Paper
"Women were associated with family roles, first and foremost and as was true for another generation, those able to pursue professions usually did not marry. The under-reported women doctors graduated by several Ontario universities after the 1880s, for instance, chose their vocations ahead of family life, a convention then respected. Low's clerical workers of the business sector did not expect or particularly want advancement, but learnable jobs providing income and some security so as to maintain their household roles, too."
"By the end of World War I, women attended business colleges where they learned stenography. Low's article is of a kind focused on women's labour in relation to capitalism, of course, so unless a reader is curious, there can be no wider awareness of women who were performing differently in the public sphere, not the least of which were more than 4,000 Canadian military nurses serving on the Western Front and in the Middle East through the course of World War II. Of course, Low's point is to indicate how women became expected as office workers of particular kind, low paid and without advancement. Their situations were common but by no means general from 1901 to 1931."

Tags:workers, clerical, instability, pay

Abstract
This paper presents a brief biography of George Eliot. It examines the social climate at the time and the reason the woman Mary Ann Evans felt she had to choose a man's nom de plume. This paper analyzes a few of her works, in brief : "Scenes of Clerical Life;" "Silas Marner;" "Adam Bede" and "The Mill on the Floss."

From the Paper
"Mary Ann Evans was born in Warwickshire and was the daughter of an estate agent or manager. Her education was a conventional one that was dominated by Christian teachings and touched by the enthusiasm generated by the Evangelical movement of church reform. While in her 20's she came associated with friends who were freethinkers. During this time Mary Ann underwent a radical transformation of her beliefs. The German school of biblical scholarship known as Higher Criticism influenced Evans. This thought attempted to treat sacred writings as human and historical documents and she devoted herself to translating its findings for the English public. She published her translation of Strauss' Life of Jesus in 1846 and her translation of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity in 1854 (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 1998)."

Tags:scenes, clerical, life, silas, merner, adam, bede, mill, floss