Abstract
The paper focuses on the everyday life of the clergy from Danubian Principalities in the 17th century. Followers of different religions like Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants were dwelling within a narrow area and had to find the means to live together as peacefully as possible. At the same time, they had to obey to the stern rules that were issued by the ecclesiastical authorities.Therefore very often they had to comply with the local customs and to borrow from the other faiths in order to be accepted by the local community.The paper provides some answers about how the priests managed to cope with this situation.

From the Paper
The paper focuses on the way the Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant clergy led their lives and interacted among them in Moldavia and Wallachia. The essay covers especially first half of the 17th century although the data should be understood as an approximate signpost of an historical small-scaled research than as fixed boundary. Little study on this topic and area is available in Romanian or Hungarian and particularly in English. Thus research for the paper was conducted by using only the published Franciscan reports on the area as primary sources.

Tags:catholic, clergy, franciscans, orthodox, protestant, society

Abstract
This paper discusses how the problem of the clergy and sexual abuse is easily identified due to recent media interest and a public disclosure of the proposed methods of resolution. It examines how sexual abuse within the Catholic Church is not a new problem, but one that has existed under a cloak of secrecy for decades, if not centuries. It is nearly impossible to determine the extent of the abuses, due to the Vatican's reluctance to publicize past indiscretions.The paper also looks at the response of the Catholic Church and potential solutions to the problem such as criminal prosecution of abusive clergy and a revision of Church policies.

From the Paper
"The location of the problem is pervasive throughout America and undeniably exists (perhaps to a lesser degree) in other countries as well. There are hundreds of religious communities which are autonomous and have no geographic boundaries. It is seemingly impossible to accurately pinpoint an origin of the problem, and the problem is intensified by the ability of the Church to re-locate abusive Clergy to other parishes. Prior to government intervention, and the ability of parishioners to press criminal charges against abusive Clergy, the Church sought to deal with the offenders in a way which exasperated the problem. Priests were moved from parish to parish continuing to perpetrate acts, which resulted in an increase in the number of victims."

Tags:parishes, Christian, community, Homosexuals

Abstract
This paper reviews the history of the Act of Union that created a new political entity known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Union was established to ensure Protestant ascendancy in Ireland, a move that was deeply distrusted and resented by the Catholics. The paper also investigates a series of campaigns for the sanctioning of the Catholic Emancipation bill for which Catholic priests, who previously had a very limited part in politics, took leading roles. The paper relates that, from being the prime movers of Ireland's largely Catholic population, these clergymen were booted out of politics and electioneering not by will, but by gradual changes in the different sectors of the country.

From the Paper
"The influence of the clergymen extended into the 1860s and 1870s. During elections, they canvassed, spoke at public forums, endorsed candidates, and brought voters to the polling places. However, their success had been limited due to their division. There were generally two camps: one was headed by Cardinal Cullen of Dublin, who supported liberals and the other was led by Archbishop MacHale of Tuam, who favored extreme candidates. This division worked greatly in favor of the conservative camp, which had more candidates elected to parliament."

Tags:parliament, parnell, landlords, dillon, conflict

Abstract
A look at the role played by clergymen in two 1790's novels: "A Simple Story" by Elizabeth Inchbald and "The Romance of the Forest" by Ann Radcliffe. The author investigates the differences of the role of clergymen in the two novels.

From the Paper
"An examination of the differences between clergymen in Elizabeth Inchbald's A Simple Story and Ann Radcliffe's The Romance of the Forest indicates some of the philosophical changes that were taking place throughout Europe and specifically in England by 1791, the year that both books were published. Not only do these novels illustrate a marked difference between Catholic and Protestant clergy, but also acknowledge a growing perception of individualism as a philosophic precept. Inchbald's priests are stern, unyielding, forbidding representations of a paternalistic ideology in which the moral authority is unquestionable. Radcliffe's pastor, on the other hand, is a benevolent, serene shepherd of his flock who leads by example rather than inflexible rule."

Tags:individualism, philosophy, leader, catholic, religion, protestant

Abstract
The paper analyzes "A Praise of Folly", written in 1509, which expresses the views of Desiderius Erasmus toward such topics as the church, humanism and the clergy. The paper shows how Erasmus is of the opinion that popes, cardinals, priests, and monks gave in to their human temptations and did not live up to the example set by Christ.

From the Paper
"He expressed his views through The Praise of Folly, a book that is about a muse named Folly, who acts as the vehicle through which Erasmus criticizes the church. Erasmus wrote the book to express humanist views and to criticize much of society. The book uses examples of the clergy's misdeeds to show how they cannot control their human weaknesses and demonstrated how they are not living up to Christ's example."

Tags:church, clergy

Abstract
The paper shows that in the wake of the much-publicized debacle involving numerous male child molestation cases within the Catholic Church, the vast majority of which were allegedly "covered up" by the leaders of the Catholic Church, Massachusetts passed a new law. It explains that clergy members, as well as paid religious educators and other individuals specified under the law, must report incidents of child abuse, including child sexual abuse. This essay addresses whether the Massachusetts state government and the churches at issue will be able to feasibly manage and enforce the new law.

From the Paper
"Fifth, clergy are exempted from the reporting requirements if knowledge of a child abuse incident is solely obtained during a confession or other confidential communication. This exemption for "confidential communications" will also prove problematic. The law gives little guidance as to what is considered a confidential communication. We can quite easily imagine a scenario in which almost every communication or action within a church setting is deemed by the church clergy as "confidential", and therefore, exempt from the reporting law."

Tags:Social, Services, leader, statute

Abstract
This paper examines the act for the submission of the clergy (1532) in context of the English Reformation as a remarkable period. It explains how King Henry VIII made official his break with the Catholic Church a mere 11 years after being declared its Defender of the Faith for opposing Martin Luther.

From the Paper
"The English Reformation came about as a result of many dovetailing forces. As is often the case with defining periods in history timing was all-important as centuries of Catholic corruption collided with the onset of a grand theological debate across Europe ..."

Tags:henry viii, act for the submission of the clergy, act of supremacy, english reformation, anne boleyn, martin luther

Abstract
This paper discusses the French Revolution and the events that occurred before and after August 4, 1789. The paper shows that the civil constitution of the clergy in France made it impossible to separate the Church and State. It suggests that this separation did eventually happen at the end of the revolutionary government and discusses why this was so.

Table of Contents:
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The revolution would not have been any less violent had the Civil Constitution of the Clergy not been created. The violence was raging prior to its creation, and it was only after the bishops refused to swear the oath of the decree that they were in harm's way. The provinces and the cities were compromised of different, not like minds, and, therefore, when those men who had remained quietly in the background and allowing Robespierre to manipulate the new government in the philosophies of Rousseau felt it was time to move to their power bases by ousting Robespierre, then the atmosphere that existed between the provinces and the cities were such that it could be accomplished without threat of revolt against the government."

Tags:bishop government decree separation, church and state

Abstract
This paper reveals that the Roman Catholic Church intentionally and negligently covered up the sexual abuse of children by members of the clergy between the years of 1945 and 2003. The author stresses that, because the majority of the Latino population in the United States are members of the Catholic Church, this problem is exacerbated in Latino children. The American Psychological Association and other supporting agencies are faced with a crisis in providing effective mental health treatment for the Latino American population. The paper reviews effective methods for assessment, diagnoses and treatment of this unique population and reviews the recent literature accessing information of the experts in this field and the agencies that provide mental health services to the Latino population. Includes figures.

Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Healthcare Factors Impacting Latino Immigrant Children
Overview of the Catholic Church Legal System
Response of the Church to Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse
Secrecy in the Roman Catholic Church Surrounding Child Sexual Abuse
Legal Issues Arising to Debate
The Latino Victim of Child Sexual Abuse by Clergy
Mental Health Care Service Delivery to Latinos
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Development of Plan: Provision of Effective Mental Health Care
Services to Latino Population in the United States

From the Paper
"This research study has related that it is not practical, nor is it advisable, to attempt to have a family member interpret due to limitations that exist in the effectiveness of this use of an interpreter, specifically due to role reversal when the child is interpreting for the parent and due to cultural issues that may limit or null the interpretations provided by a family member interpreting between the clinician and client. It is important that the client feel warmly welcomed to the service providers clinic and that staff members are attentive to the needs of the Latino client and their family."

Tags:exploitation training law, latino-specific syndrome, culturally-based

Abstract
The paper analyzes Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", describing how the Parson presents a morally and ethically idealized character, which is placed at the apex of the Christian Church's clergy. The paper further discusses how the Prioress, the Friar, and the Pardoner all represent lower hierarchical figures in the Christian servants of the Church. The Prioress makes a limited devotion to the Church through her families wealth; the Friar is an immoral sexual deviant, and finally, the Pardoner steals his followers' money so that he may live better than they.

From the Paper
"In this study The Pardoner's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer will examined through the perspective of the religious clergy in the overall moral and ethical schematics of the Canterbury Tales. By comparing and contrasting the societal position of the Parson, one can evaluate the roles of the Prioress, Friar, and Pardoner within the religious hierarchy of Chaucer's text. In essence, with the Parson has the elite position of religious society, as well as the high water mark of religiosity, the varying views on the clergy is depicted by Chaucer on the lower the ranks of the Christian Church. These various aspects of the Christian Clergy will be analyzed within The Pardoner's Tale and the General Prologue of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales."

Tags:chaucer, pardoner, parson