Abstract
This paper responds to the prompt, "Design a proposal, for a person of substantial wealth, desiring to create a new political party / movement that would enjoy some initial success and have the possibility for long-term growth." Where would the new party fit in the existing array of parties and movements? How does the electoral system and institutional form of government (presidential, parliamentary, etc.) affect the start-up strategy? What should its ideological-programmatic emphasis be? Is there a particular regional base or demographic niche that would favor the party? What other parties might be good options to form a coalition?? In this way, the paper should be easily adapted for any analysis of Nigeria.

From the Paper
"Resentment of Northern radicalism will strengthen the Crusaders. Already, the Northern People's Democratic Party has successfully pushed for the implementation of sharia in nineteen Northern states. If successful, the Crusaders will improve Nigeria's party system. Presently, Nigeria has three major parties, one for each ethnic group, a result that is atypical of presidential systems, which are typically characterized by two-party systems."

Tags:comparative, fulani, hausa, igbo, parties, party, political, politics, systems, yoruba

Abstract
It provides a brief overview of these differences from earliest settlement through the ante-bellum. What are the effects of the cold war in US politics? And how do they affect society on a social level?This three-page paper is on "What are the effects of the cold war in US politics? And how do they affect society on a social level?"

Abstract
The British government has been intimately and disastrously involved in Ireland for centuries. This paper examines the divisions between Roman Catholics and Protestants that culminated in the division of the island into two separate political entities. It commences with the Act of Union (1801) that united Ireland and Great Britain and concludes with partition, political formalization of the cleavages, in the twentieth century.

Tags:divisions, in, ireland

Abstract
Two elemental texts on class by Mao are considered and compared to J B Starr's analysis of Mao's concepts of class. Additionally the actual class structure of contemporary China is also compared to Mao's analysis.

Abstract
This paper reflects on the writings of Lorrie Moore and James Thurber, not only as 20th century American writers, but as comedic writers who consistently return to the theme of gender politics.

From the Paper
"In the stories "The Catbird Seat" by Thurber and "You're Ugly, Too" by Moore, each author explores what Thurber called "the war of the sexes". Though both stories are very different-- Thurber's illustrates a man's struggle with a woman in his workplace while Moore's is a narrative of a woman's thoughts towards male-female relationships in several areas, including work-- both authors effectively use humor to drive their stories and help the reader identify with the characters. Further, both stories are told from different perspectives and influenced by different societies. Nevertheless, at their hearts, "The Catbird Seat" and "You're Ugly, Too" are two stories about the essential differences between men and women."

Tags:catbird, james, lorrie, men, moore, politics, seat, thurber, too, ugly

Abstract
This paper provides an evaluation of "Good Will Hunting" as a film that deals with the class cleavages in American society and the problems that persons in the underclass have in breaking out of the class's limitations.

From the Paper
"Good Will Hunting can be viewed as a critique of the widespread internalization of the values of classism in the United States by the very persons who are most likely to be victimized by class warfare. The film tracks the transformation in consciousness of ..."

Tags:Good, Will, Hunting, class, cleavages, social, class, classism

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a comparison of how Eudora Welty's short story "A Worn Path" and Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" deal with the issues of racial pride and social and racial cleavages in the rural South.

From the Paper
"'A Worn Path' by Eudora Welty and 'Everyday Use' by Alice Walker share many characteristics. Both are set in the semi rural South amid people of modest means and both deal chiefly with black characters. 'A Worn Path' presents Phoenix to the reader by degrees with her behavior revealing a high level of self-regard and respect despite her extreme poverty a financially comfortable old woman would not have to walk several miles to town in winter to obtain medicine for her grandson. In 'Everyday Use' the relative poverty of ..."

Tags:black culture, Welty, Walker, white culture, racial cleavages, cultural values

Abstract
This paper describes how free-market environmentalism works, identifying ways to restructure the way property owners are accountable for shared resources. The writer explains that its chief flaw is its inherent anthropocentrism. The writer discusses the cleavages between environmental professionals classified by Aldo Leopold as A and B cleavages, A being a means of economic gain through land's subordination (free-market environmentalism), and B exemplifying Leopold's idea of an ecological conscience that puts the importance of flora and fauna above human self-serving desires. The paper concludes that free-market environmentalism is flawed because it lacks an ecological conscience.

From the Paper
"Free-market environmentalism's strength in appealing to the property owner's basic desire to maintain property value is astute, however, the theory weakens because the economy is not ecologically driven and free-market environmentalism allows unregulated property owners to make ecological decisions, which affect shared natural resources. It is unlikely that property owners with short-term economic gain in mind will consistently, or ever, make choices based upon ecological sustainability for the biotic and public health of community. Furthermore, free-market environmentalism is based upon economics, ruled by the supply and demand of natural resources; therefore, those managing the property will innately seek to ensure their investment is secure while fluctuating in market value. Plainly, it is unlikely that many property owners would be willing to take an economic loss in order to protect the biotic health of the land."

Tags:overpollution polluter taxation, wildlife preservation, subordination ideology continuous-yield plantation

Abstract
This paper uses some of Drakulic's examples of cleavages between Eastern and Western Europe to define the obstacles that stand before a united Europe. It points out that language barriers, currency, nationalism, and distrust are but a few of the aspects that keep Eastern and Western Europe divided, yet many political scientists see a future for Europe in which these cleavages dissolve.

From the Paper
"Through encounters with border police, stories of traveling, hygiene, and personal accounts across Europe, Slavenka Draculic, author of Cafe Europa captures many aspects of the strong social and economic cleavages that continue to divide Eastern and Western Europe. The question provoked by the book, that is, the future for Eastern Europe and its acceptance by the West, is a complex one."

Tags:communism, croatia, drakulic, europe

Abstract
By the end of the 1980's, it was becoming increasingly clear that the antiquated two party system in Canada was no longer effective in representing the views of the entire nation. Regional cleavages were becoming severely pronounced and alternative regional-based parties were thus progressively more alluring. The success of the Francophone Bloc Quebecois and the western based Reform party boldly highlights the intensity of the thrust behind the regional movement. This paper will compare and contrast the constitution of these two flourishing parties and some light may be shed upon the changing nature of politics and electoral behaviour in Canada.