Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the use of criminal prosecution for the purpose of cleaning up corporate America. The writer uses several examples of criminal prosecution in large corporations to provide evidence of the trend. The writer also discusses the federal government?s stance on corporate crime.

From the Paper
"The Enron scandal made news around the world and shocked many who used to believe that corporate heads could be trusted. While the Enron scandal was sensational it was not the first instance of corporate crime nor was it the last. For many years corporate crime has been considered a lesser offense than other crimes. It has been tagged white collar crime for several generations and the prisons which hold the rarely prosecuted offenders are more like country clubs than prisons. In more recent years, given the magnitude and far reaching affects of scandals like Enron the American public has demanded accountability, not only on the part of those who commit the crime but from those who make the decision whether or not to prosecute those involved. Given the current economic climate in the nation concern has grown regarding corporate crime. If Americans are going to see a reduction in crime at the corporate level, it will have to support criminal prosecution as the most common weapon against it."

Tags:criminal, fraud

Abstract
Hazardous waste management is one of the most problematic issues that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is asked to face: Hazardous waste is challenging to clean and dispose of and there tend to be complications resulting from the disposal of waste in the response from the public sector in terms of opposing localized disposal plans. The EPA is also challenged in terms of funding, for the cleanup and disposal of hazardous wastes is a costly process. This paper investigates how the EPA manages the funding and cleanup of hazardous wastes despite these challenges.

From the Paper
"This paper will examine how the issues of lender liability for environmental harms are handled in the United States. Canada, and Australia. The main focus of the paper will be on the whether a lender can be held liable for environmental harms as an owner or person in control of a contaminated site. The principle way in which a lender can be held liable is by forcing it to pay for the cost of cleaning up a contaminated site. The main controversy in this area is whether the security interest held by a lender is a sufficient enough property interest to classify the lender as an owner or gives the lender enough control of the contaminated site. The section of this paper concerning the United States will focus solely upon federal law, namely CERCLA, since federal environmental law constitutes a fairly comprehensive..."

From the Paper
"This research analyzes the federal budget process as that process applies to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The findings of this analysis are presented within the contexts of (1) functional identification, (2) the proposed budget for the 1997 fiscal year, (3) change in budget and budget debate issues, and (4) budgetary implications.

Functional Identification
The EPA is charged with implementing federal environmental protection laws, and the agency is charged with monitoring activity and enforcing compliance with those laws. National polls consistently reflect strong and widespread support for the environment...."

From the Paper
"This research examines the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), with a view toward assessing current proposals before the Congress to either reauthorize, restructure or terminate the program. The CERCLA was enacted in 1980 as a mechanism for cleaning up sites across the country that were contaminated by toxins (Hoffman 4). The discovery of toxicity of significant levels at Love Canal in Western New York was a major motivation for the enactment by the Congress of the CERCLA. Had there been no discovery of the toxicity at the Love Canal site, the likelihood is that an environmental cleanup law such as the CERCLA never would have been enacted."

Abstract
This paper explains that the proposal to ship nuclear waste from across the country by train to a proposed nuclear waste at a repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is strongly rejected by not only Nevadans but also the rest of the country. The author points out that the reasons for this rejection is not only the fear of radiation but also for Nevadans economic issues such as the decrease in property values and tourism, the cost of accident cleanup and the problems associated with short- term employment are extremely troublesome. The paper stresses that, although there is plenty of information available stating that there is no threat associated with building a repository at Yucca Mountain and shipping nuclear waste across the country, the majority of this information comes from the Department of Energy (DOE) and their reputation and motives are suspect.

From the Paper
"A possible benefit to Nevada with the building of a nuclear waste repository is the additional jobs that would be available to Nevada residents. This benefit, however, would be small and would not outweigh the economic drawbacks already mentioned. If even one hotel/casino project were not built in Nevada due to negative images or fear associated with the repository, the jobs lost from that business would not be made up by the number of jobs gained by building the repository. Because of direct and indirect employment, if one major hotel/casino was not built in Nevada, the loss could be as many as 14,200 jobs and $500 million annually for the local economy."

Tags:tourism, fear, doe, property-values, cleanup

Abstract
The paper describes the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, the damages it caused to the the coastal environment along southern Alaska's shore, and the methods used for the cleanup. The paper also identifies the legal policies on oil transportation and collection that were created after this spill.

Outline:
Summary of the Spill
Impact on the Environment
Legal Policies Following the Spill
Oil Cleanup
New Tanker Designs to Minimize Effects of Spills

From the Paper
"The oil Tanker Exxon Valdez spilled over 10.8 million gallons of oil into the waters of Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989, after which the currents and waves washed the oil out to sea and in to shore, killing millions of marine organisms and birds. After unsuccessful cleanup methods and attempts, the United States Coast Guard had to resort to skimming the oil off of the water, which proved strenuous, and was made even more difficult by unsatisfactory weather conditions. Exxon was widely criticized for its lethargic attitude when it came to assisting in the cleanup, as the coast guard started the efforts without any help from the oil company."

Tags:marine, ecosystem, environment, tankers

Abstract
This paper examines the enormous environmental disaster of the Exxon Valdez oil spill into the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The paper provides the history of the Exxon Company, a detailed description of the accident and the following environmental cleanup. It describes the criminal negligence of the company and complete public relations failure.

Table of Contents:

Introduction
Situation Analysis
Burning Mechanical Cleanup Chemical Dispersants
Effects on the Environment
Government Action
Exxon's Reaction
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Exxon Valdez, a tanker loaded with oil from the shipping terminal in Valdez, Alaska, ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound (in the Gulf of Alaska) at 12:04am, on March 24, 1989. At the helm was of Gregory Cousins, Third Mate, who was not licensed to pilot the ship through Prince William Sound, whose waters were considered treacherous. Joseph Hazelwood, the captain of the ship, was apparently asleep below deck. Third Mate Cousins had tried to dodge floating ice, performing a series of strange right turns. When the ship hit Bligh Reef, its hull ruptured and much of the cargo spilled. In the next few days, the oil spread rapidly, causing the deaths of thousands of sea birds, sea otters, and other wildlife. It covered the coastline with oil from the ship resulting of the wreck and eventually contamination of marine life; the fishing season in the sound was halted for several years.

Tags:public, realtions, environmental, diaster, alaska, accident, criminal, negligence

Abstract
This paper gives a full overview of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB). The paper presents background information on PCBs, including their sources, cleanup efforts, stakeholders, and similar toxins. The paper emphasizes environmental and water quality applications.

From the Paper
"Advances in the treatment of affected aquatic systems have been made and PCB contamination is becoming less widespread. The stakeholders associated with this issue are large electrical companies like White-Westinghouse and General Electric and biotechnology corporations such as the Monsanto Company. The electric companies needed a chemical that could be used for industrial cooling and the Monsanto Company used their technology to create this chemical. (Schmidt,48)"

Tags:bioaccumulation, biphenyls, polychlorinated

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth look at the Galveston hurricane, the path it followed, the conditions and characteristics of the storm. The author discusses the loss of life and damage caused by the hurricane, as well as the cleanup efforts by the city and future precautions taken after the devastation in Texas.

From the Paper
"On August 27th, 1900, meteorologists began to notice a small storm developing in the equatorial mid-Atlantic. Still getting organized, it drifted westward through the Greater Antilles with moderate winds and torrential rains. In Jamaica, miles of roadway, railroad tracks, and sidewalk were washed into the ocean. Cuba was submerged in over two feet of rainwater, and much of southern Florida faced the wrath of the hurricane, as well. As it crossed over the tepid waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the storm gained strength, eventually making its way to the shores of Galveston, Texas."

Tags:disaster, gulf, storm, surge, texas, tropical, miles, hour