This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, 2001, $ 38.95
Abstract This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
From the paper:
"Islam takes cleanliness and purification very seriously. An article by Dr. Abdul karim, Naik states, ?"Cleanliness is half of faith" - This terse statement by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) underlines the importance of purity and purification in the Islamic tradition (Shariah). A state of purity is a precondition for worship (?ubudiyah). Every act of worship is an encounter with God, and the purification ritual is a form of preparation for this event. In fact, the purification ritual in Islam is one of numerous means by which sins and infractions are forgiven.? He also states that purification rituals of the body culminate in spiritual purity as acts of worship, and that both the discipline of the ritual acts and their aesthetic dimensions contribute to the deepening of the purification process at the spiritual level and prepare for the journey that finally leads to closeness to Allah."
Abstract The challenges facing the war crimes tribunals in Bosnia are examined in this paper. The writer discusses these tribunals, established under the Dayton Accords, and presents their analysis as an example of the problems facing war crimes tribunals. The writer also examines the concept of ethnic cleansing.
From the Paper "... the fragmentation of the former Yugoslav Federation led to an outbreak of civil warfare and ethnic violence in the Balkans particularly in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Concentration camps, mass murders, mass expulsions and other indicators of genocide became widespread and the term ethnic cleansing was added to the century's lexicon of horrors. The international ...
Abstract This research develops marketing and financial data relevant to the introduction of a personal care cleansing system for use in hospital, nursing home, home health care or emergency care environments. The data developed for this report are presented in relation to (1) product description, (2) competing or substitute products, (3) market potential and pricing strategy, (4) major cost considerations, (5) break even analysis, (6) master budget, and (7) support costs. The data developed are then summarized, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are made.
From the Paper "At present, Incline Technologies charges comparable prices for Bag Bath. While Incline Technologies may believe that, because Bag Bath uses a non-soap cleansing solution, their product will be perceived to be superior to Comfort Bath, which uses a soap product as a cleansing solution. Incline Technologies may or may not be correct in assuming that a non-soap is superior to a soap cleansing solution. The important factor, however, is not the validity of this belief. The important factor is how the products are perceived by customers. Based on comparative sales levels, it is obvious that users of basinless cleansing systems do not share the beliefs of Incline Technologies in relation to the superiority of a non-soap cleansing solution."
Abstract The paper explains that the Rapture doctrine may not be spelled out in the Bible, but it is epistemologically and theologically consistent with the books of the Gospels and of Revelation, as well as the expressed notion of Jesus's cosmological significance. The author points out that the Rapture is a physical action that is prefigured in the Old Testament and makes reference to what will occur during the Rapture, that is, a cleansing and a removal of the faithful from the world of idols into an equally, physically manifest world of heavenly life. The paper relates that, in John 14:2-3, Christ foretells his coming back to the earth after the crucifixion and resurrection of his body.
From the Paper "Although the word "rapture" itself, nor the doctrinal explanation of "rapture" in its strictest sense, is not to be found in the scriptures of either the Hebraic or the New Testaments, this does not invalidate its truth. It is true as well that the idea of the coming even where all the faithful will be physically taken up into the spiritual bosom of Christ is not specifically and literally cited in scripture, either. But the idea of rapture as expressed in the Christian community today amongst the faithful is an idea that is manifest throughout the Holy Bible."
Abstract This paper examines the tensions that existed between Croats, Muslims and Serbs in Bosnia and examines the conditions that led to the recent war there. The paper also discusses the response to the conflict of the United Nations, the European Union and the United States and the reasons for the ethnic cleansing that took place during the conflict. Finally, the paper considers whether it was wise for the west to intervene in Bosnia and concludes emphatically that it was the right decision.
From the Paper "Nikolaos A. Stavrou, professor of International Affairs at Howard University and apologist for the Croatian factor of Yugoslavia writes that the Bosnian mess is getting worse by the day. According to Professor Stavou, a misinformation cabal and a masterful censorship of truth that would have made many dictators envious keep the American people in the dark. Instead of enlightenment, a new science of victimology has been developed to hide facts and force upon us a policy based on emotions. He writes that everywhere he traveled and at every conference he attended in the past four years, one question always popped up: Where is the other side to the Bosnia story? The professor has no answer, but feels a civic duty to attempt an answer."
Abstract A look at the effects of propaganda during war with special reference to the war in Kosovo. The writer argues that opinions do not simply exist; they are always formed. Usually, it is propaganda that produces the most effective results and especially when the question of concern is war. Both NATO and Slobodan Milosevic took advantage of propaganda using the media as a communicator.
From the Paper "Everybody pretends to know the truth about this war. Yet, they all have difficulties defining truth. The reason is that people confuse knowing the truth with having an opinion. And opinions do not simply exist; they are always formed. Usually, it is propaganda that produces the most effective results. This war was not an exception."
Abstract A paper detailing the war that ravaged the Balkans in the early 1990?s, which uncovers the humanity of an extraordinarily patriotic population of that land and the incredible suffering endured by them.
From the paper:
"Often our lives are difficult and too busy for us to be able to digest all the information that comes our way every day. Consequently, more often than not, we tend to overlook information that, we feel, does not directly impact us. Even when we do pay attention, the information is presented so matter-of-factly that it frequently leaves us emotionless, unaffected, and therefore unmoved to act.
While Bosnian Muslims and Croats cried out for help, the world stood quietly by and did practically nothing to deal with the main cause of their suffering - the ravaging warfare."
Tags: balkans, bosnia, cleansing, croatia, ethnic, mostar, muslims, race, religion, sarajevo, violence, war, yugoslavia
Abstract This paper considers the injustices which prevail in our society; discrimination based upon race, gender, and nationality. The author examines the attitudes towards minority groups and people who are considered members of inferior classes. The paper also looks at George Orwell's commentary on society, "Animal Farm".
From the Paper "We have just crossed the threshold of a new century, a new millennium, and as we do, we witness the end of the 20th century. But the 21st century is not an end, but a beginning. We are the children of the 21st century and now is the time to fulfill the promise of our Republic; now is the time to re-evaluate our attitudes towards freedom; now is the time to strike off the shackles of the past century in anticipation of a new century, a century of hope, and of freedom for all mankind."
Abstract This term paper examines the character of Hamlet in which we see a very human character, one whose destiny in part condemns a man whose is also condemned by his own actions. This essay discusses Hamlet's habitual indecisiveness which leads to a climax in which there is in fact no clear resolution to the play's action.
From the Paper "We are accustomed to thinking of Hamlet as the hero of the play that bears his name ? the avenger of his father, the man who returns a sense of justice and order to the land of Denmark. And yet a closer reading of the play suggests that while Hamlet is in some sense a hero, he is also quite clearly culpable for the terrible events that occur. And yet rather than make him less compelling as a character, his essential flaws make him more interesting. His own indecisiveness and unwillingness to act in the end cause a great deal of harm in the world. His role as a prince is to serve as the protector of his people, as a dam against the threat of evil. This passivity of his is certainly not as morally wrong as is the active evil involved in the murder of his father. But neither is it heroism, constituting no outstanding feat of virtue. "
Abstract A presentation of a case against eugenics. The writer tries to prove that most of the arguments put forward by the supporters of eugenics were racially motivated and based on false or doubtful premises. The possibility of the pseudo-science making a comeback is also discussed.
From the Paper "The "father" of modern eugenics is believed to be Sir Francis Galton, an English scientist and a cousin of Charles Darwin, who first coined the term eugenics in 1883. (?Eugenics,? Britannica, 2002). Galton believed that arranged marriages between men of distinction and women of wealth would produce a gifted race. Galton propounded his theory of eugenics until his death in 1910. Even before eugenics was so infamously used as an excuse by the Nazis to carry out a systematic extermination of the Jews, the Gypsies, the handicapped, and the ?feeble-minded,? it had found a ready audience, most notably in the USA. The influential American Eugenic Society (AES) was founded in the US in 1926. It campaigned for sterilization laws that were passed by more than half the states for compulsory sterilization of the insane, retarded, and the epileptic citizens of the country in the 1930s. Restrictions were also placed on the immigration into the country by people of "inferior" stock such as Greeks, Italians and Eastern Europeans through the efforts of eugenecists. (?Eugenics,? Britannica, 2002)."
Abstract A paper which analyzes Christopher R. Browning's "Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers". The writer of this paper details the purpose of the book - to illustrate the three most important issues that were at the forefront of the Nazi regime - as well as the slant with which it is written. The writer provides an overview of the book's content as well as quotes from the pages of the book.
From the Paper "Browning managed to locate letters that display the mind set of the time and without producing sympathy for those who participated in the regime he does underline the foundational reasoning that was initially used. Once the power was set it no longer mattered if the people objected, they had given the power and now were afraid to balk against it. Like the child at school who befriends the bully to keep from becoming the next target, so went the way of support for the Nazis in local Germany at the time."
Abstract This paper examines the historical context of these two ethnic cleansing genocides that occurred in the late twentieth century. It looks at lessons the world should have learnt from the Holocaust in World War II and analyzes the United Nations' involvement and role in preventing these atrocities.
From the Paper "Many people who lived through World War II will never forget the sights of thousands of Jewish bodies thrown into mass graves after the Nazi Holocaust. To most people it was unimaginable- the extent of the death and destruction. Winston Churchill called it a "crime that has no name" (www.un.org 2001). Winston Churchill was correct in his observation. Despite the numerous occurrences in history, the word "genocide" as a legal term and an international sanction did not exist until 1951 (www.un.org 2001). It was 1951 that the U.N. made a treaty defining and criminalizing genocide, entitled The Convention of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. In the last fifty years, the world has witnessed many horrendous massacres of civilian populations, in Cambodia, Bangladesh, and elsewhere, for which the political will was lacking to organize a war crimes tribunal. Now, the international climate supports the creation of the first two war crimes tribunals since the Nazi's at Nuremburg, those for Rwanda and Kosovo."
Tags: crimes, genocide, kosovo, nations, rwanda, tribunal, united, war
Abstract Beginning with Darwin's theory and moving forward into the early 20th century, this paper outlines the spawning and fruition of the eugenics movement, not as a tenet of Hitler's racial cleansing program, but as a significant period in American history. The paper shows that, claiming to be based on Darwin's theory, the eugenics movement was little more than an exercise in pseudoscience. In a testimony to the arrogance of man, American society eagerly accepted the opinions of Edmund Spencer in regards to the ?survival of the fittest,? and combined those notions with Mendelian genetics to form eugenics.
This paper is written and cited in the Chicago style
From the Paper "In the late 19th century, Social Darwinism was extrapolated from Darwin's original Theory of Evolution through the union of bad science and conceit. Within a few short years, further distortion of this idea led to the pseudoscience of Eugenics, or genetic cleansing. What followed was the incarceration, maiming, and even death of those deemed physically, intellectually, or morally below the standards of their self-imposed judges. This was not the Third Reich; this was America, home of the free."
Examines the economic, political, cultural, religious, ethnic and psycho-emotional roots of conflict among Serbs, Croations and Muslims. Discusses the history, leadership, issues and negotiations.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, 1999, $ 71.95
Abstract Reports from the former Yugoslavia of civil war, the siege of cities such as Vukovar and Sarajevo, and such atrocities such as ethnic cleansing - another euphemism for genocide - and camps where women are kept with the sole purpose of being raped by their captors, have been recurrent items in the news media.
From the Paper "Reports from the former Yugoslavia of civil war, the siege of cities such as Vukovar and Sarajevo, and such atrocities such as ethnic cleansing - another euphemism for genocide - and camps where women are kept with the sole purpose of being raped by their captors, have been recurrent items in the news media. The media have offered little insight, however, into the intricacy of the conflict. The inherent complexity of the situation has been increased by the poorly defined conception of the three parties involved regarding their motives. The Serbs, the Croatians and the Muslims have each been portrayed as both the aggressors and the victims of the conflict.
The actions of these three parties have been commonly understood, if not accepted, as the manifestation of centuries-old ethnic tensions exacerbated by, and allowed undisciplined ..."
Examination of the article "Bystanders to Genocide", in which investigative reporter, Samantha Power, exposes the failure of the U.S. Government to take any action in opposing the mass killings that occurred in Rwanda in 1994.
1,554 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 51.95
Abstract This paper discusses the sources and documentation exposed by Power during her investigation whereby she claims that many top-rank authorities knew what was happening in Rwanda, but nobody tried to put an end to it. The writer shows how Power asks whether the reasons were political or military or simpke lack of concern for the African continent.
From the Paper "Through the examination of recently declassified documents and interviews with dozens of US officials, and others in decision making positions, Power finds American foreign policy guilty of deliberately "standing by" and allowing the Hutu extremists to systematically cleanse Rwanda of its Tutsi minority. Yet, despite the detailed analysis of this particular atrocity, the overriding impression created by the article, is of the isolationist and dehumanized nature of US foreign policy, and of the unwillingness of American government to intervene in any situation that does not encroach upon their national interests."
