Abstract
This paper analyzes the Clean Air Act judgment by the Supreme Court and considers the economics of the case.

Tags:clean, air, economics

Abstract
The paper explains the human and environmental health goals of the Clean Air Act of 1990. The paper discusses the notable strides the Act has made in improving fuel standards emissions for cars, and in lessening the exposure of citizens to harmful chemicals in the atmosphere. The paper considers the areas that need to be improved upon and lists the reasons behind resistance to the Act.

Outline:
Introduction
Ambient Air Quality
Important Strides
Atmospheric Issues
Admitted Areas That Need to be Improved Upon
Reasons for Resistance to Act
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Clean Air Act was designed to reduce outdoor--referred to as 'ambient'--concentrations of air pollutants. These pollutants are most often visible in the form of smog, low-lying haze, and acid rain. Passage of the act was supposed to reduce the emissions of carcinogenic air pollutants or pollutants that cause other serious airborne-related illnesses, such as asthma and lung cancer. The Act was intended to phase out the production and use of chemicals that destroy the earth's stratospheric ozone. The most common sources of these pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead."

Tags:pollutants, emissions, vehicle, exhaust, acid, rain, chemicals, lead

From the Paper
"This paper will trace the legislative history of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act. On June 12, 1989, President Bush introduced his proposal for a new clean air package.1 This package was designed to update the Clean Air Act which was passed in 1970. The last amendments to this act had been instituted in 1977. Despite the Clean Air Act and its amendments, it was apparent in the late 1980s that air pollution was still a serious problem in the United States. In particular, it was noted that "most urban areas still violate air-quality standards for ozone, which is caused largely by pollutants from industrial facilities, chemical plants and motor vehicles, and carbon monoxide, which comes primarily from automobiles."2 In addition, acid rain had become increasingly widespread in the northeastern part of the country. Efforts at legislative action to address these issues ... "

From the Paper
"In 1990, the Clean Air Act was passed, with its amendments that mandated the creation of the Employee Commute Option. Its goal was relatively simple. All companies with 100 or more employees were required to reduce by 25 percent the number of vehicle miles that their workers traveled during their morning rush hour. This was to be accomplished through vanpools, working from home via computer, transit subsidies, or other means (Stranahan 130).

A successful employer trip-reduction program might include incentives to rideshare or take transit, and disincentives to commuters who drive alone. Employers can provide preferential parking for vanpool and carpool vehicles, or direct financial incentives. For example, carpoolers could go through an express line in the company cafeteria ("At Issue" 401)."

From the Paper
"Clean Air Act of 1990


This paper will briefly discuss the amendments to the Clean Air Act, passed by Congress in 1990. The discussion will include a description of the Act, the changed regulatory philosophy reflected in the Act, the political maneuvering necessary to pass the Act, and the subsequent implementation of the Act. It is still too early to determine the effectiveness of the Act since many of the regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Act have yet to go into effect. The last part of the paper will therefore highlight the possible consequences of the Act, as suggested by observers.


The 1990 Clean Air Act is actually a series of amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1970. These amendments, however, virtually replace many of the provisions of the 1970 Act and comprise, in..."

Abstract
This paper looks at how the major sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial processes, and the burning of solid waste. It discusses how it has been been a growing problem since the advent of the Industrial Revolution and how the health problems from particulates and other pollutants in the air can be severe. In particular, it looks at how, since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the United States has made significant strides in the control of air pollution.

Outline:
What Is Air Pollution?
History of Air Pollution
What Substances Pollute Our Air?
Health Problems
Status of Air Pollution in the U. S. Today
Future Directions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"By many accounts, ozone presents the most serious air quality problem in the United States. Ozone is not a particulate. However, particulates released into the atmosphere help create excess ozone. Ozone is formed by the interaction of ultraviolet rays of the sun and nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes called hydrocarbons. This reaction is called "phytochemical" and cannot occur without polluting emissions from power plants, industrial plants, and internal combustion engines from cars, trucks, and construction machinery (Whitman, 2005). Other sources include commonly used chemical compounds such as those used in paint or in dry cleaning plants (Whitman, 2005). These problems are often aggravated by summer's heat, and contribute to thousands of deaths every year in the United States (Whitman, 2005). "

Tags:ozone, sun, nitrogen, oxides, clean, air

Abstract
This paper discusses how economics, politics and opinions of air pollution are inherently different, but are nevertheless intertwined and have many parallels. The paper looks at the Clean Air Act in the United States and the Canadian version. In addition, the paper addresses the Kyoto Protocol. The paper takes the view that it is not entirely possible to separate the three components mentioned.

From the Paper
"When discussing the complex issue of air pollution, many factors must be considered. Different disciplines can attempt to regard the topic with fairly unique perspectives but tend to overlap. The economics, politics, and worldviews/opinions of air pollution vary to suit the observer or audience. However, the three branches mentioned here are intertwined and usually have at least two discussed together at any time when referring to air pollution, if not all three. The difficulty is separating opinion from politics or politics from economics. While a consensus can generally be reached that "something" must be done..."

Tags:air, pollution, ecology

Abstract
During the administrations of both Jimmy Carter and George Bush, clean air legislation was strengthened and, in 1990, the inclusive Clean Air Act (CAA) became law. This paper shows that it is the relaxing of many of the CAA's requirements that has dozens of action groups fighting the adoption of President George W. Bush?s Clear Skies 2003 measures. The paper discusses how the Act differs from the 1990 CAA and shows the points of view of different interest groups.

From the Paper
"While the DSP values the natural environment as a resource, the ASP values it intrinsically. While the DSP promotes domination over nature, the ASP promotes harmony with nature. While the DSP values risk and reward behavior, the ASP emphasizes public safety in public activities. But perhaps the most important difference, and one that can be seen by following the threads of the CAA and Clear Skies and the responses by government and activist groups to the latter, is this difference: the DSP values science and technology, separation of fact and value, thought and feeling. On the other hand, ASP advocates limits to science and believes in the integration of fact and value, and thought and feeling. (Jimmerson 1989)"

Tags:NAAQS, EPA, truckers

Abstract
This paper examines air pollution and solutions such as hybrid vehicles that can restore cleaner air to the environment. The paper discusses government Environmental Acts and the effects of smoking, aerosol sprayers, paints, and other toxic substances. The paper includes an outline.

Tags:air pollution, hybrid vehicles, legislative, historical, fuel cell vehicles, clean air

Abstract
The paper examines how in 1996, Georgia Pacific was facing a multi-million dollar clean air lawsuit, which stated that the company failed to comply with federal regulations under the Clean Air Act. The paper explores how the company was alleged to have allowed emissions far exceeding the standards within the federal regulations to escape from eight factories in which wood products were produced. The paper also explains that the company was charged with failure to obtain permits for their operation and failure to report emissions that were being produced by their plants ("Georgia", 1996). The paper highlights how this was a significant case because of the implications for similar industries and the stipulations of the Clean Air Act that were being tested through the suit.

From the Paper
"In 1996, Georgia Pacific was facing a multi-million dollar clean air lawsuit, which stated that the company failed to comply with federal regulations under the Clean Air Act. The company was alleged to have allowed emissions far exceeding the standards within the federal regulations to escape from 8 factories in which wood products were produced. Additionally, the company was charged with failure to obtain permits for their operation and failure to report emissions that were being produced by their plants ("Georgia", 1996). This was a significant..."

Tags:corporate, compliance, business