Abstract This paper explains that both the Clayton Act and the Wagner Act were watershed pieces of legislation in the slow march towards greater protections for American laborers. The author points out that the Clayton Act granted legitimacy for unions and paved the way for collective bargaining. The paper relates that the Wagner Act re-iterated more forcefully the Clayton Act.
From the Paper "Both the Clayton Act and the Wagner Act were watershed pieces of legislation in the slow march towards greater protections for American laborers. This paper explores first the Clayton Act, not merely because it came first, but because, in a real sense, it succeeded where the Sherman Anti-trust Act failed. It may also be argued that the Clayton Act was a more radical document than the Wagner Act insofar as the latter merely re-iterated - albeit more forcefully - what the first had whispered. With that in mind, it is to two of American labor laws most important pieces of legislation that this paper now turns."
Abstract This paper shows that the Monroe Doctrine established and stabilized American foreign policy. It explains that, by using the treaty signed by President Clayton as an example, it was rejected by the rest of America due to the absolute disregard for the principles of the Monroe Doctrine.
From the Paper ""The Monroe Doctrine" had been the dominating principle held in U.S. Foreign Relations from the time of the enunciation by President Monroe. In 1850 a treaty agreeing that the U.S. or Great Britain neither one would neither one occupy or fortify any part of Central America. Inclusive in this treaty were that neither one should exercise any dominion over, use political influence in or attempt to obtain rights or advantages in the area of canal navigation."
An evaluation of the D.A.R.E program, including a critical look into its conceptual and methodological practices, based on the article "DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education): Very Popular but not Very Effective," by Clayton et. al.
Abstract The paper examines the article, "DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education): Very Popular but not Very Effective," by Clayton et. al., which centered onto the components that make the DARE program a popular but ineffective drug use intervention program among America's youth. The paper thoroughly analyzes the two causes of the ineffectiveness of the DARE program, as argued and presented by Clayton et. al. The paper's analysis posits similarly as the authors have argued--that is, the analysis presented here asserts that: (1) drug use intervention, in order to be effective, must be intensified to age groups wherein drug use becomes more crucial and prevalent, and (2) more than education and information dissemination, America's youth must be informed of drug use's detrimental effects at an "experiential level," wherein they are able to fully "witness" its effects, as experienced by (former) drug users themselves.
From the Paper "The first argument presented in the article in arguing the continued support for the DARE program despite its ineffectiveness is the "feel good" effect that the program has on different sectors of the society. Citing the police, educational system, and even the family institution (specifically parents) as the loyal supporters of this program, the authors pointed out that the continued support of these sectors is motivated only by the fact that the program "makes students, teachers, administrators, parents, police, and politicians "feel good" because something is being done about drug abuse" (107)."
Abstract "The film The Great Gatsby (Jack Clayton, 1974) is based on the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and this is a story that is overtly critical of the American dream as it was viewed in the 1920s and after. The film version has in some ways muted this critical element, but it is inherent in the story of Jay Gatsby.
From the Paper "The film The Great Gatsby (Jack Clayton, 1974) is based on the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and this is a story that is overtly critical of the American dream as it was viewed in the 1920s and after. The film version has in some ways muted this critical element, but it is inherent in the story of Jay Gatsby. The criticism is apparent in the way Gatsby views success and tries to achieve it by measuring himself against those he believes have achieved the American dream, because their lives show that this dream has a dark side.
The American Dream is based on the image Americans have of themselves as a people achieving much because they live in a country that is egalitarian so that self-improvement is the way to achieve success. While this might seem a very practical vision of the American Dream, there is also a mystic quality to ..."
Abstract This paper reviews a court case brought against the National Football League (NFL) by a player arguing that NFL rules regarding eligibility to enter the league are conspiratorial against his ability to earn a living. The paper explains, in detail, the history and purpose of antitrust laws and the logic behind the judge's decision in the case, which declared that the NFL is indeed in violation of antitrust legislation because of the qualifications it required of players to enter the game. The paper also presents the legal position of the NFL and, in the conclusion, offers reasons why the author agrees with their position as well.
Research Problem Statement
Is the National Football League's Requirements to Enter the Draft a
Violation of Antitrust Law? If So Why? Why Does the NFL Think It Is Not a Violation?
Defining the Antitrust Legislation
Sherman Antitrust Legislation
Clayton Antitrust amendment
Presidential Support
The Maurice Clarett Case
The NFL's Position
The Effect on the Game
Judge Scheinin's Decision
Literature Review
Definition of Terms
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Clayton Act
Basis of Judge Shira Scheinin's Decision
Other Cases
Haywood vs. National Basketball Association, 401 U.S. 1204 (1971)
Impact of Case on the League
Players Straight out of High School who Have Been Successful
Kobe Bryant
Labron James
Unsuccessful Players
The Risk to the Kids who Leave Early
Will an 18 Year Old Be Physically Tough Enough
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "It is hard to conceive how these laws apply to the ability, or inability of a person who wants to enter a professional football career, but the recent court case brought by Maurice Clarett against the NFL charged that their rules regarding eligibility to enter the league are conspiratorial against his ability to earn a living. The NFL has placed age requirements on individuals. The want to make sure that a person who applies to for the job of a football player in the NFL will have developed the talent, as well as physical and emotional maturity to be qualified for the game. None the less this recent court action by Judge Shira Scheindin has declared that the NFL is in violation of antitrust legislation because of the qualifications it required of players to enter the game."
Abstract This paper looks at the US debate over antitrust laws. Disagreements over antitrust policy range in scope from a consideration of the effectiveness of a specific policy to whether or not the entire model on which our laws are based is flawed at the core. Here an attempt is not made to give full answers to any of those questions. Instead, some examples are considered to help clarify the debate. Specifically, the competition in our free-market economy is considered, with some examples of specific policies in this area, and an example that illustrates differing opinions of the success or failure of the goals of those policies.
From the Paper "The single most frequently used word that one will encounter in researching almost any economic topic is "competition". This word can be defined in the economic sense as "a market situation characterized by a sufficiently large number of buyers and sellers so that no single buyer or seller can influence prices or quantities sold or bought in the market". The model of "pure competition" is, of course, illustrated by the horizontal demand curve of the firm versus the downward sloping demand curve of the industry. The fact that each firm is a price-taker and various other requirements, such as perfect knowledge and homogeneous products, exist in this model."
Abstract This paper looks at the 28th president of the USA, Woodrow Wilson. The author touches on his background, the Clayton Anti-trust act, the Federal Reserve act, and The Underwood. The author also discusses women and African American rights and what Wilson did during his administration.
From the Paper "Thomas Woodrow Wilson, the schoolmaster in politics, was our 28th president. He was born on December 28,1856 in Staunton, Virginia, son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Janet Jessie Woodrow Wilson. He was raised in a Scottish-Irish Presbyterian family. During the civil War, the Wilson family moved to Augusta, Georgia, where he was educated at a private school in Augusta."
This paper examines both Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson--their presidencies, political philosophies, and policies and tries to answer the question: Who was the Greater Statesman?
Abstract A paper which compares and examines American Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt. Included are discussions of World War I under Wilson, social and economic reforms taken on by both presidents, the Anthracite coal mining crisis under Roosevelt, and others. All of the important events that took place during these men's presidencies are presented comprehensively and concisely, leading to the ultimate conclusion that Theodore Roosevelt was the greater statesman of the two.
From the Paper "Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were two presidents with completely different personalities and strategies while in office. The thing that they do share, however, is that they both left an indelible mark on the United States and the world at large. While Theodore Roosevelt showcased his "speak softly and carry a big stick" philosophy, Wilson preached a more moral-based, pacifistic approach to the presidency. Certainly, both men had an extremely important effect on the molding of history."
Tags: teddy, United, Mine, Workers, Sherman, Interstate, Commerce, Commission, Clayton
This paper looks closely at two films: David Lean's "Brief Encounter" and Jack Clayton's "The Pumpkin Eater". The paper analyzes the two films from technical and aesthetic viewpoints, with particular reference to female protagonists.
Abstract The writer compares and analyses "Brief Encounter" and "The Pumpkin Eater" with reference to the cinema of the time, including an in-depth investigation into the film-noir style 'romance' films of the British cinema of the 1940s. The paper looks to answer the question of whether or not these romance films were actually romantic.
From the Paper "The elements that characterise romance films are that they ?centre on passion, emotion and the romantic and affectionate involvement of the main characters and the journey that their love takes through courtship or marriage.? They often explore the themes of "love at first sight, unrequited love, obsessive love, sentimental love, spiritual love, forbidden love, sexual and passionate love, sacrificed love, explosive and destructive love and tragic love" They usually follow the trials and tribulations of the couple as they make their way through an episode in their lives. Typically romances have a "happily ever after" ending that leaves the audience feeling fulfilled, however there are some films that it is very difficult to classify as "typical" romances even though they are undeniably romances. There are a huge stock of romantic films that are instantly forgettable but what makes a romantic film enduring is that romance is not its primary concern ? it has more substance a simple exploration of a straightforward relationship. Brief Encounter is one such film, generally regarded as one of the greatest love stories ever to be produced by the British cinema. It is however not a typical romance and has definite tones of film noir and so does not adhere to the conventions of romantic films. Film noir is usually takes as its subject crime or mystery but there are some that deal mainly with romance such as The Postman Always Rings Twice and Double Indemnity, both adaptations of James M. Cain novels that are "seething with lustful self destructive romantic relationships between a femme fatale and an entrapped male partner" . Another example from the British cinema of a romance disguised as something else is The Pumpkin Eater. This film purports to explore the psychological and emotional state of a woman, and is an examination of these elements of her character. Her psychological and emotional state is however intrinsically linked to her relationship with her husband Jake. Both films deal with the romantic lives of the main characters, but are both undeniably tragic and somewhat disconcerting tales of love and marriage from a female, middle class perspective."
An examination of the relationship between a teacher training program and the level of teacher behavior and parental involvement in a Georgia school system.
Abstract This paper discusses how it is established that an effective parent-school partnership is essential in helping students become more successful. It proposes a study, which could be used to develop a training model for teachers to enhance parental involvement, set in two K-2 primary schools in the Clayton County School System in Georgia.
Outline
Introduction
The Problem
Problem Background
Review of Literature
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Limitations/Delimitations
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Background and History
Obstacles to Effective Parent Involvement
Effective Parent Involvement
Summary
Methodology
Research Design
Selection of Subjects
Instrumentation
Dependent/Independent Variables
Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis
Appendices
References
From the Paper "There is little controversy about the value of parent involvement to the student. Many studies have shown that strong parent involvement in the schools supports student achievement. Henderson (1988) reviewed 49 separate studies dealing with parent involvement and concluded that they were highly beneficial. They tended to insure that students achieved higher grades and test scores, had more positive attitudes and behaviors, and that the schools they operated in were more successful and effective. In their review, Chavkin and Williams (1988) indicated that there were additional benefits of strong parent involvement that Henderson had left out, including improved school attendance, reduced dropout rates, and more parent and community support for the school systems in general. Thus, there is considerable support for the benefit of strong parent involvement programs."
Abstract This paper examines various economic policies of the U.S. federal government. It deals specifically with monetary policy, antitrust policy, regulatory policy and import quotas--looking at what some of the government policies have been, why they were formulated and how well they have succeeded in producing their intended effects.
Outline
I. Monetary Policy
A. Federal Reserve
1. History
2. Purpose
3. Policy
4. Effects
II. Antitrust Policy
A. Purpose
B. Sherman Act
C. Federal Trade Commission Act
D. Clayton Act
E. Federal Trade Commission
F. Effects
III. Regulatory Policy
A. Purpose
B. Interstate Commerce Act
C. Interstate Commerce Commission
D. Effects
IV. Import Quotas
A. Purpose
B. International Trade Commission
C. Television Imports
D. Steel Imports
E. Effects
From the Paper "In 1977, in response to a petition filed with the ITC by the electronics industry, the U.S. set a quota on the number of television sets that could be imported from Japan (Canto 74). Although imported sets from Japan fell, imported sets from Taiwan and Korea rose to the point that total imports of televisions was unchanged; the U.S. response was to impose quotas on those countries as well (Canto 75). The net result was a negligible impact on the U.S. economy, because while imports of whole sets declined, imports of television parts rose sharply as foreign sets were assembled in the U.S. (Canto 77-80)."
Abstract This paper begins by describing anti-trust law as any law restricting business practices considered unfair or monopolistic. It provides a history of the law in America's judicial system, covering the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914, and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. The paper then discusses two key historic anti-trust cases in which the companies have been charged with anti-trust violations, American Telephone and Telegraph (1982) and Microsoft Corporation (1994 and 1998).
From the Paper "AT&T was a natural monopoly, which needed to be broken up in order to allow others into the market. It was the only service provider at the time and in order to help improve the economy, it was important that changes be made to the status quo. Microsoft on the other hand, may be the dominant player in the world of operating systems, but there are other providers out there. Systems such as Linux and Unix are available for consumers. They may not be as user friendly as the Windows operating system, but there is a choice for the consumer. The question that needs to be asked is this: how is the consumer treated as a result of services being bundled in one package? Is the average consumer getting his money's worth? Are these services affordable? How efficient is this method of bundling? If the answers to all these questions benefit the customer, then Microsoft and any dominant player in a business, has done well."
Abstract This paper describes how the Wagner Act, officially known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, established a permanent National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) with the authority it needed to protect the right of most American workers, with the notable exception of agricultural and domestic laborers, to organize unions of their own choosing and to encourage collective bargaining. It looks at how this act represents the most important single piece of labor legislation enacted in the United States in the 20th century. It provides a comprehensive overview of the controlling legislation, preparation for and rules guiding collective bargaining, and the administrative issues of collective bargaining after negotiations take place. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper "The modern rules for collective bargaining developed from controlling legislation that emerged during the early part of the 20th century, including the Wagner Act (officially known as the National Labor Relations Act, 1935) (the "Act"). This legislation was enacted to in an effort to eliminate employers' interference with the autonomous organization of workers into unions. To this end, the Act established the federal government as the regulator and ultimate arbiter of labor relations in the United States. The Wagner Act also established a permanent National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) with the authority to protect the right of most workers (with the notable exception of agricultural and domestic laborers) to organize unions of their own choosing and to encourage collective bargaining."
Abstract This paper describes the subject of this book, its targeted audience, and the overall approach the authors use to discuss the topic of depression. The paper also highlights the book's positive and negative aspects.
From the Paper "Depression could be, well, a depressing subject matter to deal with, over the course of an entire 158 page text. However, by emphasizing positive coping strategies that can be adopted by sufferers of depression and the friends and loved ones of those going through a depressed period in their lives, Coping with Depression by Sharon Carter and Lawrence Clayton. (Hazeldon, 1995), manages to avoid this potential stylistic pitfall. In fact, if anything, it errs on the side of excessive cheerfulness."
This paper discusses the role of mid-level medical providers and their position on the hierarchical ladder of the changing management structure in the medical care industry.
Abstract This paper explains that mid-level providers are trained and licensed health care workers, who like physicians are able to provide healthcare and billable services and who are underutilized in the present day medical field. The paper points out several laws, which affect the competitive relationship of care providers: The Sherman Act, the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. This paper relates that the shortage of mid-level providers needs to be filled; and incentives, which are attractive enough to gain the attention of the mid-level service providers, should be made inclusive in managed care organizations.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Managed Care: The Basis of the Need for Mid-Level Providers
Current Trends in Coverage
The Future Projection for the Mid-level Provider
Conclusion
From the Paper "The numbers of individuals that are enrolled in the managed care organization is a foremost thought in the effectual planning models of education in future health care professionals and the attitudes held towards managed care. Findings show that MRs believes that cost is over quality and are more likely to see the managed care organization as a threat than are APPNs. In a recent study findings were that the use of mid-level practitioners was key in saving labor costs. The use of PA/Nurse practitioners in the managed care organization resulted in lower labor costs when calculated per visit and recommendations for more research is stated The study was conducted in relation to twenty-six primary practice managed care organization capitated group managed care organization models with information on 2 million visits and 206 practitioners between 1997 and 2000."
