Abstract This paper discusses female sexuality and female sexual dysfunction. The author explains the phases of the female sexual response cycle to better understand sexual dysfunction in females and psychological and physiological factors as causes of female sexual dysfunction are discussed. The paper also explains that the different types of female sexual dysfunction are classified based on the particular phase of the sexual response cycle response it affects. Lastly, the paper looks at the available diagnostic methods for female sexual dysfunction before discussing intervention and management methods.
Contents:
Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Sexual Response Cycle
Causes of Female Sexual Dysfunction Classification of Female Sexual Dysfunction Diagnosis of Female Sexual Dysfunction Management
Bibliography
From the Paper "Muscles of the vagina, uterus, and even the rectum contract due to a sympathetic-mediated response. The clitoris is successfully stimulated through direct stimulation, and floor orgasms may result from cervical stimulation or that of the anterior vaginal wall. The fourth phase is resolution, where blood vessels, muscles, and other erotogenic organs return to their original, nonaroused states. There is a sense of general relaxation, well-being, and muscle relaxation. In males, it is believed that they are refractory to an orgasmic response for some period. In contrast, women can have multiple orgasms without going through a refractory period."
Tags: human sexuality, sexual disorders, diagnosis treatment
Abstract This paper addresses the issue of whether sexual dysfunction in the elderly is a result of disease and physical conditions or an aspect of the aging process. The paper holds that changes in sexual desire and activity may be the result of a wide range of biological, social, emotional, cultural and environmental factors. The paper suggests that, while sexual dysfunction is related to a combination of the aging process and disease conditions, it may also largely be the result of misguided beliefs about aging and sexuality. The paper concludes that a great proportion of sexual problems are associated with the conditions of older people's lives and with social attitudes about aging and sexuality. It holds that the majority of issues related to sexual dysfunction can be addressed through heath teaching.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Physical Conditions and Disease
Sexual Dysfunction and the Aging Process
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "One reason for sexual dysfunction is relatively easily addressed and has important implications for nursing. Lack of information about sexual dysfunction and embarrassment on the part of men to discuss the issue needs to be addressed through sensitive health teaching. Erectile dysfunction can produce a significant psychological and social impact on the patient and his partner. In addition, it is associated with depression, anxiety, and loss of self-esteem in both partners. Even though society is open about the problem of erectile dysfunction, men generally are not inclined to seek help. However, since erectile dysfunction could be the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes, it is extremely important that he care provider inquire about the problem during patient visits (Kolodny, 2003)."
Abstract This paper takes a look at female sexual dysfunction and some of the several causes that attribute to it. The author provides a brief overview on early references made on female sexuality in medical writing and discusses diagnostic methods. The paper also discusses psychotherapy as a treatment method and the church's take on female sexual dysfunction.
Outline:
A Brief Overview
Why is there Dysfunction?
When Did This Begin?
How Can We Know the Dysfunction Exists?
What Happens When it's Treated?
Where Else Can Help Be Found?
Conclusion
From the Paper "While Female Sexual Dysfunction is not a rare problem, it is difficult to treat due to the fact that patients often feel uncomfortable talking with their physicians about it. Often, too, there is more than one cause and the different causes may require different treatments. Psychotherapy is not the only treatment available today. While it has been the policy of the church, in the past, to lead women to believe what should be normal sexual desire is instead perverse or bad, that attitude is slowly changing and the church is helping women build a better self-image."
Tags: sex related problems, female sexuality, treatment psychotherapy
Abstract This paper examines the urgent need for changes in the classification of personality disorders. The paper discusses the current classification model for personality set forth by DSM 4. It looks at the problems associated with this system of classification, including high level of co-morbidity and lack of theoretical or empirical rationale for selection of categories. The paper looks at proposed alternative classification systems, such as dimensional systems where extreme scores are representative of psychopathology.
From the Paper "Personality disorders are longstanding patterns of extreme, inflexible personality traits that are deviant or maladaptive and lead to impaired functioning or subjective distress. (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1994). The essential feature of a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the most significant aspects of sexual dysfunction. It defines sexual dysfunction and discusses the possible causes of the problem, including the correlation between psychological and physical factors. The paper also describes how sexual dysfunction is perceived and looks at its effects over various different age ranges.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Critical Review
Conclusions
From the Paper "There are various research methods that have been applied in the investigation of this phenomenon. These include both quantifiable as well as qualitative methods and range from the measurement and assessment of biological data to interviews and discussions with patients. As discussed in the above section both experiential and correlative methods have advantage and disadvantages. While the more objective data that is obtained through the correlation of different variables helps in understanding the problem of sexual dysfunction, experiential methods such as interviews and personal discussion also provide important data. Therefore it follows the best methodology is one that would involve both experiential and correlation methods."
The following paper discusses the Universal Decimal Classification system which is based on Decimal Classification which was designed for the arrangement and indexing of books on shelves, cards in catalogues and clippings.
Abstract The following paper examines the way in which the Universal Decimal Classification introduces the idea of auxiliary connections and discusses the way in which this system works by dividing the whole field of knowledge into 10 main classes. The writer discusses the success of the Universal Decimal Classification which is based on it's use of decimal notation.
From the Paper "The Universal Decimal Classification has a feature called the synthetic principle. This works by allocating a consistent notation to recurrent series of concepts that are arranged in consistent orders. For example in class 4 which is to do with philology the order of sub-classes and the notation representing them is the same for each language. For example 425 for English grammar, 435 for German grammar, etc.). The geographical location of countries is also consistent. For example British history could be 942, so German history would be 943; and 328.42 is British legislation, with German legislation being 328.43.
The synthetic principle allows for over 200 different languages to share the same in depth coverage that English usually exclusively enjoys. This principle also allows for great increases in the range of subdivision with no printing costs."
Abstract This paper examines the process of classification or division of a whole entity into numerous specific groups. It shows how dividing organizations, government, studies, written works and species of plants and animals into specific categories allows for more complete or focused attention to be applied to specifically functioning members within the given macrocosm. Special emphasis is placed on the classification of the human body into categories such as skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Each system has a specific job, but all systems work together in order to keep the body alive and properly functioning. This paper shows how classification, separation and combined efforts of the human body has been used as the model after which societies, governments and their militia have been formed.
From the Paper "Whether focus is upon a government structure, a company, a military structure or upon the individual human body, specific compartmental functions can be singled out and identified. Although no specific function can truly be described as being greater than another function, the overall entity will not be able to operate smoothly without the specific capabilities exerted by even the seemingly smallest of its divisions. The briefest of trips to a doctor's office will reveal a cosmos within a cosmos that is so complex, various medical specialties have come about in order to treat the individual categories more completely."
Abstract This paper discusses how broken and dysfunctional families are a common thread in many of Shakespeare's works and how "Hamlet," one of Shakespeare's finest works, revolves around the broken family of Hamlet, the central character of the play. It looks at how the motive of broken and dysfunctional families also appears in numerous other Shakespeare works, including "The Comedy of Errors," "Romeo and Juliet," "A Midsummer Night's Dream," "Henry IV," "Henry V", and "Much Ado About Nothing" and how the theme itself causes grief, despair, death, and laughter. It analyzes how Shakespeare uses it quite effectively and how his work shows how a common theme can be woven into many different fabrics, making each of them a unique and lasting work of art.
From the Paper "This theme continues in "Romeo and Juliet," the Montagues and Capulets are broken and dysfunctional in their unreasonable hatred for one another, which ultimately leads to the death of their children, and the reconciliation of the families. The Montagues and Capulets have feuded for years, and hate each other with an unreasonable passion, and this passion carries down to their children, who fall in love despite their families' feuding. Unlike the comedies, where love heals all, and the families come together because of true love, in this tragedy, the broken families can only be healed by true tragedy, and as they both lose their children, the tragedy is complete, and the families recognize what they have lost because of their unreasonable hatred."
Tags: romeo, juliet, much, ado, about, nothing, henry
Abstract According to a study in the Journal of American Medical Association, four out of ten women and three out of ten men experience sexual problems. This paper examines reasons for sexual dysfunction, including physical and emotional triggers. It then examines the impact on a relationship and what can be done to treat the various degrees of dysfunction.
From the Paper "Behavioral therapy and antidepressant drugs are found to be valuable in countering premature ejaculation. But it is more important to concentrate on the emotional and personal intimacy of the affected couple to cure the problem. It is useful to obtain a thorough sexual history from the patient and from the partner. A careful plan must be outlined that requires dedication, patience and commitment from both partners. The primary task is to get rid of the "performance anxiety" in the man."
Abstract This paper examines erectile dysfunction in the older adult. It describes possible causes, treatment, and prevention. The paper presents the various medicines available for treatment of this problem and discusses their effectiveness. The paper provides great detail about the body and the possible causes of the dysfunction. This paper takes the reader through treatment options, such as medicines, exercise, and physical therapy.
From the Paper "Erectile dysfunction is commonly labeled as an age related condition in males. The disorder affects a man's ability to achieve or maintain an erection at least 25% of his attempts. Until recently men and their physicians did not discuss problems such as Erectile Dysfunction as openly as they do today. Men often experience embarrassment and a loss of confidence when struggling with ED. This emotional stress can lead to prolonged effects of the disorder leaving them in a cycle. Many diseases have now been linked to ED including heart disease, diabetes, and prostate cancer. Research is being done to dissect the physiological causes of ED including Nitric Oxide deficiency and poor circulation. New medications such as Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra), and Tadalafil (Cialis) have surfaced making treatment more accessible as well as more effective. Research and surveys are being done on chemical treatments, increased education, and the effects of new medications. Other interventions are used such as surgery and vacuum devices but the recent medications have had the most success (Well-Connected, 2002)."
Abstract This paper looks at examples of symptoms of dysfunction within a company such as indirect communication, alliances, a loss of corporate memory and a lack of friendship among professional colleagues. It examines different models of organization such as the structural model, the deterministic model and the computational model to determine which are useful in solving the problem of dysfunction within a company.
From the Paper "Another model of organization is the competency model. A competency model identifies skills, knowledge and the characteristics necessary to perform a job. These models have been in use for more than three decades. In the last five years, interest in them and their potential to help staffing and development efforts has increased dramatically. This interest will continue to grow over the next few years due to three key, related trends: intensified competition, aggressive cost management and downsizing, and the proliferation of a feedback system."
Abstract This paper presents a case study of a dysfunctional married couple and analyzes it through the lens of social psychology. The paper examines the couple's marital conflicts. The paper also looks at how the couple's different needs and interests exacerbate their dysfunction.
From the Paper "In observing older members of my family I have become aware of the martial conflicts of an aunt and uncle -- a couple who have been married to one another for over thirty years and whose marriage is characterized by other..."
This paper offers a comparison of the dysfunction of the two families portrayed in David Adams Richards' "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees."
Abstract A comparison of the dysfunction in the two families portrayed in David Adams Richards "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees." The paper argues that the former family achieves redemption through their love but the latter suffers attrition and cannot overcome their high level of dysfunctional interaction.
From the Paper "Family dysfunction typically characterizes family relations to one degree or another in most families. However, in David Adams Richards' "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees," if it were not for family dysfunction the families depicted would not function at all. Richards provides a tale of the Walsh's, a working-class family from the wrong side of the tracks in a small mill town in New Brunswick."
Tags: co-parenting conflict, incest, religiosity, alcoholism, pregnancy, suicide, race relations, Cape Breton, New Brunswick, teenage rebellion, family relations, physical, sexual and verbal abuse
Abstract This paper examines how a dysfunctional or disrupted family represents a risk factor or cause for homelessness. It looks at how dysfunctional families are more often conflicting environments and how causes of conflict in such families range from relationships with stepparents, school problems, sexual orientation, pregnancy, alcohol and drug use, neglect and sexual abuse. It also discusses how other causes of homelessness in familial context include residential instability, broken ties with the family of origin, disrupted family histories, and substance abuse.
From the Paper "Martijn & Sharpe (2006) investigated causal pathways to homelessness and identified five different pathways. Each pathway is defined by the combination of precipitant factors for homelessness. Pathway one suggested that drug and alcohol, trauma with or without additional psychological problems are found prior to homelessness, pathway two emphasizes trauma and psychological problems (the absence of drug and alcohol) as precipitator factors for homelessness, pathway three reveals drug and alcohol and family problems, pathway four emphasizes family problems as a cause of homelessness, and pathway five focuses on trauma. The pathway four, focused on family problems revealed that the most important factors were neglect, physical and emotional abuse throughout childhood, and witnessing domestic violence at home."
Abstract The paper defines the term "sexual dysfunction" specifically in females and discusses the causes and the three phases of the sexual response cycle, as well as the various forms of treatment.
Outline:
Introduction
Disorders Of The Desire Phase
Biological Causes
Psychological Causes Disorders
Socio-cultural Causes
Disorders Of The Excitement Phase
Sexual Pain Disorders (Vaginismus)
Treatment For Female Sexual Dysfunctions Sex Therapy
From the Paper "Although hypoactive sexual desire is a disorder, it includes desire at least once a week, but with sexual aversion, women find sex particularly "unpleasant and may sicken disgust or frighten them". Some women are repelled by a particular aspect of sex, such as penetration of the vagina; others experience a general aversion to all sexual stimuli, including kissing and touching. Aversion to sex seems to be quite rare in men and somewhat more in women. Let us see some of these disorders' causes."
Tags: complication, anxiety, general, aversion, socio-cultural, factors, work-related, stress
