Abstract
The paper describes the differences between classic and modern rhetoric. The paper charts this changing use of rhetoric, while also examining the way external factors throughout history have had an impact on this theoretical evolution.

Outline:
Introduction
Classical Rhetoric
Modern Rhetoric

From the Paper
"In philosophy and the human sciences, rhetoric has for centuries played a significant role. The art of rhetoric involves the usage of language to harness authority, reason, and emotions in order to persuade an audience to either agree with the speaker, pass judgment, or identify with a particular point of view and act on it. In Greece, rhetoric had its humble origins in the Sophist school of philosophy around 600 B.C. - many years before Socrates. Later, rhetoric was one of the major liberal arts to be taught in the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. The art of rhetoric would be confined to legal and political settings throughout the medieval period of history. A rhetorical argument may also utilize popular opinion, beliefs, and selected evidence. Modern rhetoric encompasses a wider range of practices than was the case in the ancient and medieval period."

Tags:communication, mass, media, persuasion

Abstract
The paper defines the concept of rhetoric as a strategy through which exploration of concepts can be achieved. The paper explores classic and modern rhetoric in order to achieve an understanding of rhetoric and its purpose. The paper outlines the transformations in the perception and use of rhetoric and shows how this tool of communication now helps to expand thought instead of being used specifically to convince others.

Outline:
Introduction
Classic Rhetoric
The Emergence of Modern Rhetoric
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The emergence of rhetoric within ancient Greece came to pass after the popularization of sophist inquiry. Sophism as a debate tool enabled the speaker to argue any given point regardless of its factual accuracy, a process that empowered those engaged in the dialogue to explore all possible tangents leading from a core concept. Yet while sophism was powerful as a means of expanding the limits of thought, it was not appropriate as a means of identifying core truths within a debate. Following the works of Plato in which truth and internal integrity were championed as fundamentals of existence, sophism was not a sustainable concept."

Tags:Aristotle, arguments, hypothetical, debate, dialogue, inquiry, analysis

Abstract
The paper explains that rhetoric is, at its most practical level, a method of inquiry. For the purposes of this paper, the writer summarizes the concept of rhetoric as a strategy through which exploration of concepts can be achieved.

From the Paper
"Rhetoric is, at its most practical level, a method of inquiry. A broader understanding of rhetoric is challenging; even persons who championed the origins of rhetoric have referred to it as "thought" or "invention" (Kennedy, 25). As such, for the purpose of this paper, the concept of rhetoric can be summarized as a strategy through which exploration of concepts can be achieved."

Tags:rhetoric, argument, theory

Abstract
This paper compares the Classical or "neoclassical style" of the 17th century and the Romantic style of the 19th century. The paper explains that with the reliance on Greek architecture to provide a more republican ideology, Europeans relied on large-scale civic works like the Vilnius Cathedral and Soufflot's Pantheon to emulate a desire to a return to classical times.

From the Paper
"This study will analyze the Romantic and Classical movement of the 18th century as an predecessor to the growing ergonomic functionalism of architecture into the industrial 19th century. By understanding the premise that "form follows function", the primary evolution of European and American architecture from classicism was eventually changed over into the even more ergonomic function of industrial buildings of the late and early twentieth century. By understanding the influence of industrialization on 19th century romantic and classical architecture,..."

Tags:romantic, classical, modern

Abstract
This paper looks at the political ideas of John Adams from a contemporary perspective, and analyzes the three main political concepts that lie at the basis of his political system: meritorious service to the republic, a just distribution of fame, and the dangers of corruption represented by the public triumphs of inauthentic men. The writer examines Adams's political ideas as a symbol of classical Republicanism, a political order which was based on merit and not upon birth or wealth. The aim of the paper is to investigate Adams's hierarchy of values in which politics comes before economy, and concludes with explaining why Adams was disappointed with contemporary political life.

From the Paper
"John Adams has been portrayed as an archetypal American conservative, and a Puritan who was always complaining about not getting enough public recognition, and that his peers were unrightfully benefitting from his deeds. However, in order to truly understand Adams's political thought, one must link him to the classical republican tradition, and attempt to get a more profound understanding of his values. Adams believed in the primacy of politics, and meritorious public men whose virtues and talents would translate into their service to the republic. Adams studied the classical republican model of Rome, and understood that republican politics could be rooted in the human appetite for fame."

Tags:rhetoric, canon law, freedom, Boston Gazette, policy, American Revolution, Federalist President

Abstract
This paper defines three words: skepticism, rhetoric, and sophism. It then combines these words into an essay. A sophist questions knowledge, but he or she is different than a skeptic. Another philosophical term is rhetoric. Rhetoric is used to persuade people to someone's philosophical view on a topic. Sophists used rhetoric in explaining their skepticism about life and different topics. "

From the Paper
"Philosophical Skepticism and Rhetoric in Sophism Imagine believing that nothing exists and if something does exist, a person cannot know for sure, and if they cannot know for sure then they cannot teach it to others (Philosophy of the Sophists). People who thought this way were called Sophists. Another important philosophical term is skepticism. "Philosophical skepticism is a critical attitude which systematically questions the notion that absolute knowledge and certainty are possible" (Carroll). Another philosophical term is rhetoric, which means rhetoric. Rhetoric is used to persuade people to someone's philosophical view on a topic. Sophists used rhetoric in explaining their skepticism about life and different topics. Sophists wanted to know how a person can know something and whether what they learn can actually be truth. "The Sophists centered their efforts on the problem of knowledge as well as on the problem of morality and justice" (Classic Philosophers)."

Tags:philosophy, rhetoric, sophists

Abstract
This paper examines the three rhetorical genres outline by Aristotle in his "Art of Rhetoric." The paper then examines Goveror Tim Kaine's speech at Virginia Tech after the Virginia Tech Massacre. The paper analyzes the flaws and shortcomings of his speech as addressed in Aristotle's work. This paper also analyzes the rhetoric of other politicians throughout history.

From the Paper
"The problem with Kaine's rhetoric is that he is not really addressing the audience, but the event. The fact that the title of his speech deals with ""An Amazing Community" does an injustice to the individuals in the audience. A syllogism he could (and maybe should) have used goes something like this: "Sometimes humans suffer. I am human. Therefore, I suffer (along with you)." That would have made him a far more ideal transmitter of feelings to the audience, instead of focusing on the community. The community will go on. But, it is individuals who need support and a chance to heal and the opportunity to feel safe once again. Nowhere in Kaine's rhetoric did he bother to hit those important "buttons." Aristotelian rhetoric assumes that you trust the speaker, and distrust those who are different. Kaine, frankly, uses such pedestrian thoughts and words, that he comes across as just another politician preening in front of the President and the media."

Tags:aristotle politicians, art of rhetoric, argument, tim kaine, franklin roosevelt, churchill

Abstract
The paper explains that the systematic treatment of rhetoric begins with Aristotle and shows how the enthymeme, also called the rhetorical syllogism, is at the core of Aristotle's rhetoric. The paper discusses how the danger of rhetoric is its undue reliance upon emotional affectation, but asserts that as a species of legal reasoning, it is used extensively in judical discourse.

Tags:aristotle, rhetoric, judiciary

Abstract
The paper looks at how Esther Pasztory's article "Still Invisible" relates Teotihuacan art to the rhetoric of modern and classical art and its reception of other cultures. The paper discusses how Pasztory talks about how a person must understand Teotihuacan art as another form of artistic interpretation, one that is unnecessarily degraded by the Western artistic status quo of realism and naturalism. The paper highlights how Esther Pasztory's article "Still Invisible" relates Teotihuacan art to its history, while providing a comparison to Western standards in meaning, ornament and intent.

From the Paper
"Esther Pasztory's article "Still Invisible" relates Teotihuacan art to the rhetoric of modern and classical art and it's reception of other cultures. Pasztory talks about how a person must understand Teotihuacan art as another form of artistic interpretation, one that is unnecessarily degraded by the western artistic status quo of realism and naturalism. Esther Pasztory's article "Still Invisible" relates Teotihuacan art to its history, while providing a comparison to western standards in meaning, ornament and intent. Pasztory sets up her argument by starting from a point of western..."

Tags:arts, comparison, intent

Abstract
This paper discusses how in his poetry and prose, the Victorian essayist and author Matthew Arnold frequently makes use of binaries, or the classical rhetorical style of constructing a series of two contrasting or opposing ideas, to illustrate the speaker's main point. The paper then reviews Arnold's essay on modern religion, which is based upon the contrasts of Hebraism and Hellenism.

From the Paper
"The idea that Judaism is rigidly tied to the adherence to the law, sadly, can also be implicitly, if not explicitly connected to the Hebraic refusal to acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah. Not only does Arnold's analysis of the Hebraic impulse towards the truth sound reductive regarding Jewish culture but Stephen Prickett suggests that by creating such a binary opposition of the Hebraic and the Hellenic, Arnold attempts to filter out what he disliked in the Christian religion by creating the false binary of Hebraism, even while both the Greek and Hebraic ancient cultures were considerably more complex than Arnold's reading: "At the heart of Matthew Arnold's writings, whether literary, sociological, historical, or biblical, was the attempt to create an enlightened and forward-looking religion. For him this meant a Christianity that was 'scientific,' 'non-Semitic,' Indo-European, and Aryan in quality," that is, in Arnold's own words, containing "more of Plato and Socrates than Joshua and David." (Pickett, 2001; Arnold 1869)"

Tags:greek, Mosaic, Law, Judaism, Christianity, orthodox