Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the differences in four social classes: lower, working, middle, and upper, based on income, race, sex, and education and to show how these clear divisions in society lead to stereotypes, social expectations and limitations.

From the paper:

"Differences in each of the four classes are marked when income is the factor differentiating them. 11.3 per cent of Americans live in poverty, and can be considered part of the lower and working classes. In the U.S. today, 16 percent of the population falls into the "lower" class. Thirty-eight per cent fall into the "working," or "blue-collar" class. Forty-four per cent fall into the "middle" and "upper middle" class, and 2 per cent fall into the "upper" class. The lower and often working classes are often characterized as less educated. They tend to live in urban areas, and do not own their own homes. The middle and upper classes tend to own their own homes, often are two-career couples by choice, and usually live in less urban and more rural areas or suburbs of larger cities. They are usually better educated than the lower and working classes, often with advanced college degrees."

Tags:division, social, differences, advantage, disadvantage, rich, poor

Abstract
One basic tenet of Karl Marx's, defined in his famous "Manifesto of the Communist Party", is the distinguishing characteristics of two opposing social classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. This paper explains how these classes can easily be defined; the working class, or proletariat, and those that gain wealth from it, the bourgeoisie. While the bourgeoisie class continues to gain wealth and power, the proletariat falls in a downward spiral of social and economic crisis. This paper examines how each class differs according to Marx's definitions.

From the Paper
"Marx's theory illustrates a good versus evil society. In his manifesto, he says, "Society as a whole is more and more splitting into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat" (Marx). He predicts that a "haunting specter of Communism" (Marx) is looming ahead in the future, unleashing a revolution that will overthrow economic forces, and governments as well as social and cultural forces that exist in capitalist countries. Marx urges this overthrow by the proletariat class, asking them to liberate themselves and unify under the Communist Party. Communism will lead them in a revolutionary action that will overthrow the bourgeoisie and thus win them the world, which the bourgeoisie has created. (Lavine 306)"

Tags:working, wealth, power

Abstract
This paper explores the allocation or assignment of children to different classes on the basis of intelligence. The paper discusses the numerous practical and pedagogical reasons for this process of differentiation and assignment. Yet, the paper shows the many counter arguments which tend to emphasize the advantage of an inclusive and heterogeneous class situation. The paper reveals that these arguments are dependent to a great degree on the meaning and the application of the term 'intelligence'. The paper concludes that there is more in favor of not assigning classes on the basis of intelligence.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Advantage of Whole-Class Teaching
Assignment According to Intelligence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many educational theorists refer to fundamental and basic premises that pertain to all of education. This ideal of education can be seen to encompass the promotion of the ethos of democracy and is related to the fact that it encourages channels of communication at different levels and facilitates purposeful and fruitful interaction between various elements of our complex society. Education in its idealized form is seen as breaking down barriers of both communication and misunderstanding between children and generating hope for the future."

Tags:differentiation, separation, advanced, retarded, equality, Gardner

Abstract
This paper examines the concept of multi-age classes to overcome the idea that grade-defined instruction may not adequately meet the needs of heterogeneous groups of children due to differing levels of ability. It looks at the advantages of these classes and analyzes, through a literature review, how this type of classroom measures up in comparison to the traditional, grade-defined classroom and whether it benefits or hinders the learning experiences of students.

From the Paper
"Multi-age classrooms often involve activities that promote cooperative learning, in which groups of students of various ages are formed and work on projects together. For instance, a teacher covering a unit on forests may have mixed-age student groups, say ages 6 to 8, work on class presentations, in which 6 year olds make posters of pictures of plants and animals found in the forest, 7 year olds write stories about things that happen in the forest, and 8 year olds discuss how plants on the forest floor grow due to photosynthesis. These groups of multi-age students would then be encouraged to organize class presentations containing the work of students of all ages. This type of learning situation would allow children to grow academically and socially through learning interactions with others of various ages."

Tags:students, grade, teacher, tests, parents, children

Abstract
This paper argues that the stereotypical characters in "Hard Times" by Charles Dickens are part of an overall scheme to develop a theme and message about social classes. The paper argues that while it may seem like the characters are unrealistic, they play a part in something larger and more significant. How realistic they are does not seem so important when one realizes that they serve to teach us something about class structure.

From the Paper
"When Gradgrind realizes how he has hurt his two oldest children, he vows to change his ways and be a better person. It is important to notice that the upper-class male thought he knew everything and what was best for everyone, but it is the underprivileged young female that teaches his family what is actually important. Dickens is using this contrast in social classes that begins in the first chapters, to tie to the end of the novel with an important lesson."

Tags:characterisation, louisa, sissy, bounderby

Abstract
This paper discusses the theory according to Thompson and Leonardelli as to why there are more courses on negotiation being offered at business schools than courses on any other subject, with the exemption of core requirement classes, but also including non-degree and executive courses. According to this paper, Thompson and Leonardelli theorize that the combination of academia and business application has created the perfect breeding ground for negotiation theory and practice. Add to this the fact that negotiation is one of the more elusive skills for business people who often have the mindset that they need to look after their best interests, and one can begin to understand the need for training, in this area.

Tags:negotiation, business, course

Abstract
In this sociological study, the writer analyzes the issues of race and class status of the poor within the United States. The writer maintains that there are certainly class issues in regards to the poor in America, as many white Americans must suffer under the marginalization of various production methods (farming) in rural areas, as opposed to the majority of wealth being generated in urban areas for whites. However, the writer discusses that the ratio of poor minorities in the American economy is by far much worse, since the percentage of minorities in poverty is greater than the percentage of poor whites. The writer examines how race and class are important factors in defining who is poor and who is not within the United States.

From the Paper
"This sociological study will analyze the issues of race and class status of the poor within the United States. By understanding the marginalization of race within the United States, there is a construct that denies a livable wage for those of "minority" status. However, there is a wider range of poor classes within the United States that are not poor because of racial constructs, but are isolated and/or racially separated from high wage production centers. In essence, this sociological study ..."

Tags:poor, class, status

Abstract
The paper argues that distance learning is vital to the success of undergraduate nursing programs and of invaluable aid to a clinical nurse educator functioning within a hospital setting inasmuch as it permits increased communication and collaboration, offers a fair degree of accessibility and flexibility to students and instructors grappling with time-budgeting issues, and grants the instructors the capacity to develop individualized learning programs for students or practicing nurses who are geographically distant. The paper notes that distance learning is not ideal: it still is only a pale imitation of hands-on experience. Be that as it may, the paper still shows how online courses have the luxury of many different communication modalities and they furnish students and nurses with a convenient opportunity to upgrade their skills without disrupting their careers via returning to school. Last of all, the paper looks at a small-scale study carried out in South Korea that stresses how interactivity is foundational to any strong distance learning initiative. The paper concludes that online courses in nursing offer a wide array of benefits - but can be easily complicated by poor planning and by an inability to appreciate the needs of those using the internet as a learning tool.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that distance learning is vital to the success of undergraduate nursing programs and of invaluable aid to a clinical nurse educator functioning within a hospital setting inasmuch as it permits increased communication and collaboration, offers a fair degree of accessibility and flexibility to students and instructors (and current practitioners) grappling with time-budgeting issues, and grants the instructors the capacity to develop individualized learning programs for students or practicing nurses who are geographically distant. Still, distance learning is not ideal: as much as a skilled instructor can link..."

Tags:online, classes, nursing

Abstract
This paper reports that the study offers limited value due to the number of participants (n=12), no reliability or validity of the self-administered questionnaires, and participants had to be able to read and write English; nonetheless, a questionnaire is included so that a study with a large sample can yield more valid results, and other social workers can adapt the study to their own needs. The author points out that parenting programs can be effective, but some people believe that parenting programs are most effective as preventive measures. The paper suggests parenting programs need to be tailored to the specific population it is intended to serve. Table and graphs.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Need for Interventions
Effectiveness of Parenting Programs
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Methodology/Procedure
Results
Demographic Characteristics
Study Limitations
Discussion and Conclusion
Implications for Social Work Practice
Appendix
Letters
Questionnaire

From the Paper
"The participants in this study consisted of the opportunist sample of 12 parents. Four out of 12 were in voluntary attendance. Overall a sample of 83 % female (n=10), and 17 % male (n=2). The mode was 35 mean age of the sample was 35 years (standard deviation (aD)= 6.807). Five out of 12 participants completed High School; four out of 12 did not complete High School; two out of 12 participants completed some college and one participant held at least one college degree. Other demographics dissipated on the graphs below."

Tags:validity, questionnaire, preventive, population, outcome

Abstract
This paper explains the importance of knowing how to write well and how to revise and edit well. The paper describes the difficulties most students face when they are asked to revise a paper they have written and why separating the writer's ego from the revision process is a prerequisite to good editing skills. The paper also looks at current methods for teaching revision and editing skills and suggests alternatives to these methods. Finally, two case studies are discussed in the paper.

Introduction
Revision and Editing: Difficulties
Revision and Editing: Advantages
Revision and Editing: Realities
Current Teaching Methods
New Ideas
Case Study - Actual
Case Study Method
Student One
Student Two
Corrective Methodology

From the Paper
"The eager freshman English writer comes to the process of composition with many pre-conceived, previously successful methods for editing a first draft. A favorite teacher's well-intentioned message, a parent's unskilled assessment, or the student's own perceptions can stymie the editorial and revision process."

Tags:well-crafted, paper, thoughtful, discussion, scholarly, dissection, structure, individuality