Abstract This paper discusses Joe Clark's book "Laying Down the Law" as being one of the most thought provoking works on the needs of the secondary education system ever written. The writer of this paper focuses on the appointment of Joe Clark as Principal of Eastside High School in N.J. and his unique courage, brilliance, leadership, administrative skills and pure devotion to the process of educating of our youth which put Clark in a category all his own. This paper discusses the media attention given to Clark by exposing his plan in the creation of "magnet" schools which resulted in changing secondary education across America.
From the Paper "Joe Clark too is well qualified to not only do the job he did, but become the leader he became in the reform of Secondary Education during the just past decade. He was raised in the ghetto of Newark, New Jersey and boot-strapped himself and his family out of the terrible grip of poverty his life was entangled in. He did so by hard work, education and most importantly of all "applying the knowledge I've gained." This he did boldly, almost reverentially, and his innovative Conservatism became contagious."
Tags: education, joe, clark, biography, youth, magnet, school
Abstract This paper reviews the career of Tim J. Clark of the University of California at Berkeley, a noted expert on French art and politics of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 'Farewell to an Idea - Episodes from a History of Modernism', Clark explains from the late 18th century, the combined history of modernist art and socialist politics. The paper discusses how this view of developments is actually quite common in an idea of modernism and socialism having emerged and progressed at the same time but as Clark points out, there is an error to avoid in seeing a linear progression.
Abstract This paper describes the thesis of "The Dynamism of the Spirit and the Infinite Within" by W. Norris Clarke, then considers the validity of the arguments offered and whether Clarke shows that the human mind is open to the infinite as he says it is. The paper also discusses the fact that there would be such a drive supports the yearning for religious expression and for a knowledge of much that is outside of immediate human experience.
From the Paper "In his treatise, Clarke makes an arguments in favor of the conclusion that there is a drive, an openness, toward the Infinite (God) built into the human spirit (intellect and will). The fact that there would be such a drive supports the yearning for religious expression and for a knowledge of much that is outside of immediate human experience. Clarke sees the mind as not simply a tabula rasa but a blank slate with a yearning to be filled by a knowledge of God. Such knowledge is for the mind the goal of all its inquiries. The human mind is predisposed to ask questions about its own existence, about its relationship to that which is greater than itself, to raise these issues and to seek the answers. This yearning is more than curiosity, tough that may be included."
Abstract A narrative of the expedition across the United States performed by Lewis and Clark including politics at the time, Jefferson's influence and goals and successes of the "Voyage of Discovery". A description is also given of geographic characteristics, Sacajawea and the Indian nations. Spanish claims in the West and explored and short and long term results of expedition defined.
From the Paper "Thomas Jefferson won approval for and then began planning an expedition to the west to explore new uncharted lands. He went to his friend Meriwether Lewis and Lewis? friend William Clark to lead this new twenty five hundred dollar, later adding up to over thirty-eight thousand dollars, expedition. Although the well-known reason for this dangerous, unknown expedition was to see if the land was livable for the large American population which was condensed mostly within fifty miles of the Atlantic Ocean, that barely scratches the surface of what Jefferson had in mind for this long trip. Not only did he want to know if the land would support his taxpaying citizens, but he wanted to know about the numbers and military capabilities of Spanish and French peoples in the areas. Furthermore, he wished to have expanded knowledge of the Indians and their trade, and to ally with these Indians in an attempt to establish trade and create a profit. Lewis and Clark headed off into the unknown with limitless credit and limitless expectations of what they would find and report to home. The underlying question was what would this expedition do for the expansion of American settlers into the frontier and their safety once there."
Tags:clark, expansion, expedition, jefferson, lewis, meriwether, william
Abstract This paper explains that Lewis and Clark were not the first explorers to cross North America by land, but the Lewis and Clark expedition was monumental because President Thomas Jefferson arranged the journey, the expectations of the expedition, the members of the Corps of Discovery and the overall achievements. The author points out that some of the major achievements were knowledge gained about the Western lands through the maps of rivers, mountains and terrain, the discovery of almost 400 new species of plants and animals and the strengthening of the American claims on the territories of the West. The paper relates that not only are the names of Lewis and Clark famous from this expedition but also the names of York, a black slave, and Sacagawea, an Indian woman.
Outline
I. Why Jefferson wanted the West
A. It was a really long distance to travel
B. States allowed access to Louisiana
1. Louisiana obtained through Louisiana purchase
2. New Orleans had access to world through port
C. Land important status symbol
1. Jefferson and Washington both Virginia land owners
D. Vision of coast to coast land united
II. Preparing for the Expedition
A. Earlier explorer had made the journey
B. Congress made decision
1. Expedition would have twelve men
2. Would have budget of $2500
C. Group would need wide knowledge
1. Botany
2. Geology
3. Wildlife
4. Mapping terrain
III. Establishment of group
A. Dubbed "The Corp of Discovery"
B. Jefferson elected Captain Meriwether Lewis
C. Clark elected partner William Clark D. Clark brought Black slave York
E. Joined later by Native American woman Sacagawea
F. Only member to die on trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd
IV. The Journey
A. Began May 14 from Camp Dubois
B. Followed Missouri River
C. Camped at Fort Mandan for first winter
D. Traveled west, crossed Rocky Mountains
E. Reached West coast in December 1805
F. Spent second winter at Fort Clatsop
G. Back home September 1806
V. Achievements
A. Knowledge of West
1. Rivers
2. Mountains
3. Terrain
B. New Species
1. Plants
2. Animals
C. Paved way for American expansion
1. Fur trade
2. Naive American contact
3. Claims on Western territories
D. Would guide Pioneers on part of Oregon Trail
E. Social Achievement through voting
1. Black slave
2. Native American woman
VI. Conclusion
From the Paper "The expedition would eventually be called the Corps of Discovery, and would have between thirty and forty members in total. Jefferson himself selected the leader for the group, a captain named Meriwether Lewis. Lewis was allowed to select his own partner, and chose William Clark. An interesting fact about Clark is that although he was known by the other members of the expedition, as well as by many history books, as a captain, he was in fact only a Lieutenant, apparently because of delays in Army paperwork. Also on the mission was York, who was the Black slave of Clark. Later on the journey, they would be joined by a Native American woman names Sacagawea, who was of the Shoshone/Hidasta tribe."
Abstract This paper explains that Clark Hull was an objective behaviorist, who never considered the conscious or any mentalistic concepts but rather made every attempt to reduce every psychological concept to physical terms. The author points out that Hull viewed the drive as a stimulus, arising from a tissue need, which in turn stimulates behavior and that the strength of the drive is determined upon the length of the deprivation or the intensity of the resulting behavior. The paper relates that, although Hull's theories were very popular for many years, late in life, even before the futility of his modeling endeavors became evident, Hull finally admitted that his system probably applied only to hungry rats.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Clark Hull
Clark Hull's Ideas on Motivation and Behavior
Clark Hull's Theory
Investigative Strategy
Drive and Reinforcement
Habit and Behavior
Evidence Regarding Drive Reduction
Purpose and Incentive
Habit Family Hierarchies
Oscillation and Thresholds
From the Paper "Clark Hull believed that human behavior is a result of the constant interaction between the organism and its environment. The environment provides the stimuli and the organism responds, all of which is observable. However, there is a component that is not observable, the change or adaptation that the organism needs to make in order to survive within the environment. Hull explains, "when survival is in jeopardy, the organism is in a state of need (when the biological requirements for survival are not being met) so the organism behaves in a fashion to reduce that need.""
Abstract This paper stated that President Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition to do what other explores had failed. The paper describes in detail the actual journey. The paper discusses that Lewis and Clark succeeded in many areas: Opened the U.S. from the Missouri River north to the Pacific Ocean, mapped and described the areas in detail (invaluable to later settlers), discovered many previously unknown species of fauna and established contact the Indians.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Preparations
Up the Missouri
Toward the Pacific
The Return Trip
Importance of the Expedition
Conclusion
From the Paper "The group traveled in two canoes of a type called pirogues and a 55 foot keelboat, propelled by sail and oars. All summer, they traveled up the Missouri. The days were often hot and muggy and then freezing cold. Mosquitoes tormented them and rain squalls drenched the men and boats. Sand bars slowed their progress. Seldom did the expedition make more than fourteen miles a day. There were some disciplinary problems and two desertions. The only man to die on the expedition succumbed to appendicitis during this time. "
Abstract This paper briefly recounts the historic Lewis and Clarke expedition, provides a short biography of Lewis, Clarke, and Sacagawea, discusses the expedition's impact on native Indian culture and the scientific importance of the expedition.
From the Paper "The Lewis and Clarke expedition was a phenomenal one that had a significant impact on the American nation in terms of both geographical expansion and the cultural influence. The exploration was the outcome of the long cherished dream and vision of President Jefferson. The project, which was envisioned by Jefferson, was led by Meriwether Lewis, a twenty eight-year-old army officer together with his friend William Clark a 32-year-old army man. The expedition was basically a commercial exploration that was planned to look into the possibility of using the Mississippi River as a communication route and increasing the trade with the native Indians. Jefferson organized a contingent to explore the hitherto uncharted territory and to discover a northwest route. Let us look into the details of this all important and interesting adventure, which had significant bearings on the whole of the American nation."
Tags: geographical, expansion, president, jefferson, commercial, exploration, missippippi, river
Abstract This paper discusses how Alan Greenspan, Jim Clark, and John Meriwether possess abilities unfathomable to normal men ,and even men in their respective fields in both the public and private sectors. Alan Greenspan is chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Jim Clark is the founder of Silicon Graphics, Netscape, and what is now Heatheon/WebMD, and John Meriwether is the founder of Long Term Capital Management. It looks at how their power and positions reflect their ability to lead and control and how their capability to manipulate and manage their workers or co-workers allowed for them to be able to shift the focus to their personal agendas. It shows how, by installing senses of family and loyalty in their work force, all these men gained the respect of those around them. By being the leaders that they are, they are able to forever change the world we live in.
From the Paper "Jim Clark was a leader like Greenspan in the sense he was able to get people to do what he wanted, but Clark led through innovation and excitement where as Greenspan lead through knowledge and leverage. Among current day business figures, few inspire more devotion and dedication from their followers than Clark. All he has to do is announce a new idea and the talent, as well as the money arrives immediately. Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics, Netscape and what is now Heatheon/WebMD, has an ability to express groundbreaking ideas in a way that attracts both start-up capital and technical expertise. Yet the actual execution of these "New New" ideas, the routine tasks of creating a company, getting and paying employees, etc. have generally been left to others."
Abstract This paper explains that Lewis and Clark managed to adhere to their objectives for the expedition handed out by Jefferson, including proclaiming American sovereignty in the West, advancing American trade, and promoting peace between Indian tribes, while attempting to establish a peaceful and profitable relationship with the Native American tribes. The author points out that, during their expedition, Lewis and Clark encountered nearly 50 Native American tribes, each with distinct and often characteristic responses to the white presence; some tribes provided the expedition with a great deal of assistance, others hindering the expedition. The paper relates that the expedition's plans to bring peace between the Indian tribes meant that the Americans would provide guns to the Nez Perces and the Shoshones; the Blackfoot opposed this plan, fearing that it would hurt their power in the region; therefore. the Blackfoot warriors tried to steal the expedition's guns.
From the Paper "Promoting peace between the Native American tribes was a complex process for which Lewis and Clark were little prepared. The Lewis and Clark expedition came upon the American Natives long after complex and lengthy histories of intertribal warfare had developed, making any intervention by the expedition temporary at best, and futile, at worst. The intricate trade network systems among the native tribes played an enormous role in the relative successes and failures of Lewis and Clark's inroads into Native American culture. Lewis and Clark knew little of the complexities of trade among the tribes, including the demanding and complex trade alliances between the Assiniboine and Manda/Hidata, and the trade between the Arikara and Teon Sioux."
Abstract This paper explores the impact of Thomas Jefferson's character on the famous Lewis and Clark expedition. The paper explains how Jefferson's character influenced the objectives of the expedition itself as well as the personality of Meriwether Lewis thereby affecting the expedition-related tasks completed by both Lewis and William Clark.
From the Paper "Thomas Jefferson is perhaps one of America's most admired early statesmen. He is often seen as a man of complex and exemplary character, who through his many efforts played a crucial role in the formation of the new American nation. Jefferson's character was indeed noteworthy, as he was both a known admirer of the natural world, a profound proponent of democracy, and a noted scholar with wide interests. As a child, Jefferson was schooled in a variety of subjects, including Latin and Greek, and he retained an appreciation for learning through his life. In speaking of his ability to read Greek and Latin authors in their original, he noted "I thank on my knees him who directed my early education for having put into my possession this rich source of delight" (Peterson, 7). He was both a diligent student, and developed a love of nature (Peterson)."
Abstract This paper explains that the key point of the journals of Lewis and Clark was, in 1803, when President Thomas Jefferson sent his secretary Meriwether Lewis and Lewis' friend William Clark on a mission to explore the uncharted West; Jefferson called the group the Corps of Discovery. The author points out that DeVoto considers these journals as a "national literary treasure", which detail the interior of the American West. The paper relates that the Corps of Discovery returned to St. Louis with comprehensive maps of their route and the surrounding regions, specimens and descriptions of the plants, animal life and potential mineral resources and a wealth of information about the native peoples of the West.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Evaluation of Key Points
Did the Authors Achieve Their Objectives?
Primary and Secondary Sources
Personal Assessment
Relevance Today
From the Paper "Whenever a company brings a project in under budget, there are big celebrations and back-patting all around. Lewis and Clark managed to accomplish at lot with $2,500, even for the beginning of the 19th century (although the historians say that in reality they had a blank check for whatever unexpected expenses they may have experienced and the expedition actually cost more). Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark accomplished all of their objectives according to the guidelines set out by President Jefferson to Lewis and more, but they did not just stumble into their success. According to the research, both Lewis and Clark had much experience of command and of wilderness life."
Abstract This paper presents biographical information on the life and accomplishments of Septima Clark. The paper explains that, through her role as a teacher, civil rights leader and activist, Septima Clark made the America recognize the importance of literacy and education in the goal of human equality, as well as the important role that women played in the black movement.
From the Paper "Clark was born in 1898 in Charleston, the daughter of Peter Poinsette, a former slave, and Victoria Warren Anderson from Haiti. Septima's name, after one of her mother's sisters, means both "seven" and "sufficient." Clark and her eight siblings lived in Charleston, where her father catered parties and mother took in wash and ironing to feed the family. Because her parents recognized the importance of education, especially since they did not have very much, all their children attended school until at least eighth grade. Clark stated that her mother's strong, assertive personality and her father's calm and nonviolent approach provided the attitude she needed to work in the South during these unstable times."
Tags: teaching, high, school, black, students, private, institution, african-american, college
This paper explores the background and motivations of American novelist Mary Higgins Clark as well various characters from her numerous works of writing.
Abstract The writer of this paper delves into both the life and works of author Mary Higgins Clark and centers mainly on the strength of her characters. While the author's characters frequently possess the ability to overcome insurmountable obstacles that happen too often in life, this paper details the events in Clark's personal life that often parallel to her characters. The death of her father completely altered Mary's family life. Mary gained the knowledge of how precious life was at the early age of ten. From her mother's example Mary learned how to be strong, even in the face of tragedy. This paper discusses both the plots and main characters from various novels including: My Pretty One Sleeps," "I'll Be Seeing You," "Where are the Children?" and "A Cry in the Night" which deals with a mother struggling to raise her children alone.
From the Paper "Mary dips into the deep well of her experiences again with her novel, While My Pretty One Sleeps, as she grew up listening to her mother's stories about the fashion world. Her mother had been a bridal buyer for B. Altman's; and also mary had written a radio show called "Women Today" where she interviewed designers and fashion editors. This exposure showed her the inside story in the glamour world and also the agony within this industry. From these experiences and her inquisitive imagination, Mary concocted Ethel Lambston, a influential gossip writer who was about to "rock the fashion industry with an expose revealing the secrets of top fashion designers," but is murdered before she can get the story out and she is discovered missing by Neeve Kearney."
Abstract This paper reviews the short stories 'Whylah Falls' by George Elliot Clarke and 'Araby' by James Joyce, providing a gender reversal objective, which often places women in positions of power over patriarchal institutions. The paper discusses how in many cases, Joyce defies the Roman Catholic patriarchy that denies women power to dominate men through sensuality or their sexual design. Clarke, in a similar manner, provides Selah as a powerful woman that can pick and choose her male victims.
From the Paper "In this literature study, the power of women is provided in "Whylah Falls" by George Elliot Clarke and "Araby" by James Joyce through the scope of gender roles. In the short story by Joyce, the objectivity of a woman defies the often Catholic morality that denies sexual relations before marriage. For Clarke, the sensuality of women also defies the social gender norms that define woman as subjective and without any real power to manipulate the men they desire. In this manner, both authors challenge conventional gender norms by allocating more initiative for women in their stories, marking them as aggressive and intelligent in their acquisition for power over men."
