From the Paper
"This research will examine three current management techniques for establishing worker enjoyment, effectiveness, and output and production. Subjects such as job enjoyment, types of workers, working conditions, leadership, and communication will be discussed as aspects of the three techniques.


One technique of establishing employee motivation is to inform employees of their role in the company. Many times poor motivation is the result when employees are confused as to what their responsibilities are and to whom should they report (Matthes, 1992b, p. 6). An effective way to build teamwork, which is what worker enjoyment, effectiveness, and production is all about, is to hold awareness sessions. Make employees aware of the "big picture" and company goals. Employees need to know where the "team" is going in the company. "

Abstract
This paper provides a response to a case study of a patient with acute antisocial personality disorder. The paper lists the symptoms, clinical diagnosis, and probable treatment options. The client is a male in his 40s who was found guilty of sexual molestation of his daughter and son, who grew up in a household where his father abused his granddaughter. The paper first analyzes the issue and the examines how the study of psychodynamics can affect this case.

From the Paper
"The current etiology presented by the patient, Ron, evoke associative and mood disorders: the presence of second-generation associative (e.g.: Ken) and mood (e.g.: Amy) disorders is of interest. Past case history also suggests that the patient has acted on impulse and has problems comprehending and responding to standards of appropriate social conduct (e.g.: willingness to participate in sexual molestation, theft). He has a history of rapid mood swings, particularly in times when "intense feelings" are present. Relationships with close family and his wife, Susan, tend to be framed in terms of usefulness rather than in terms of the importance of emotional connectivity. Part B. Problem Clarification The study of psychodynamics can be applied to the etiology presented by the patient. Using psychodynamics, the study of how the mind and the personality interacts can be studied and the motivations.."

Tags:case, study, antisocial

Abstract
This essay examines Helmholtz's essay "The Facts of Perception" in order to clarify its arguments. The author's central thesis is presented as follows: all human perception is a process of learning. In other words, Helmholtz is opposed to the nativist view that knowledge is acquired directly. Descartes dualism and the British school of empirical skepticism is briefly discussed in this regard. It is shown that Kant denies nativism, yet insists on the a priori faculties that allow for the intuition of space and time. Helmholtz's essay is then described as principally a critique of Kant's "limited nativism". This is followed by an explanation of Helmholtz's conception of sense perceptions as "signs". The writer then discusses how the author uses this concept to refute nativism. The related concepts of "circles of quality" and "unconscious inferences" are also explained. It is then shown how Helmholtz refutes Kant's notion of space as an a priori intuitive faculty, using the concept of "conscious innervations". Finally, it is shown how "signs" pertain to the regularity in nature, and therefore direct towards higher truths.

From the Paper
"Helmholtz's aim in his essay "The Facts in Perception'' is to demonstrate that all human perception is a process of learning. Here his principle arguments are directed against the nativist position, that which claims that knowledge is acquired directly and through native faculties. But Helmholtz is also particularly intent on dispelling Kant's notion of the transcendental a priori faculties of space and time. Kant is also opposed to nativism in general, and only concedes to a limited form of nativism when he posits the existence of a priori faculties that are necessary for intuition, thought and understanding. Helmholtz argues that even the perceptions of space and time are leant. In this essay he does not really tackle the issue of time, and instead devotes almost the entire part to the argument regarding space. At the heart of Helmholtz's argument is the idea that sense perceptions represent signs or symbols from something in external reality that is true and existing. Moreover, human existence is portrayed as a journey to interpret these signs correctly and arrive at truth. Helmholtz also identifies this endeavor with the thrust of science."

Tags:nativism, signs, symbols, sense, perception, dualism, empirical

Abstract
This essay examines the emerging trend and, indeed, necessity to distinguish between the two terms "gender" and "sex". It examines the introduction and usage of both terms and the subsequent historical development, including the power benefits that the biological reductionism of "sex theory" encompasses. Through specific reference to sociological schools of thought, such as structural functionalism, feminist critique, role theory, social constructionism and post-structuralist theory, an argument for the need for distinction between "gender" and "sex" is established. With references to Foucault, Derrida, and Judith Butler, this essay examines the need for a biological ("sex") and social ("gender") specificity of sexuality, proposing a conceptually accurate path forward for the future.

From the Paper
"The terms "sex role," "sex role socialization," "gender role," and the term "role" itself, have become so confused and definitionally abstract that it is often inadequate or even incorrect to use such terms. Many individuals do however. The terms "sex" and "gender" are infinitely bandied about, consistently interchanged, and often stand proxy for one another, in every imaginable discourse and social institution. This is because "sex" and gender" are the foundational concepts upon which society is built. Sex and gender is integral to every social structure, having far-reaching implications that shape individuals' opportunities for safety, employment, education, family, legal access, fecundity, knowledge production and much, much more. However, the challenge here is to understand such implications within a conceptually accurate framework. The development of sex/gender theorizing has met this challenge, and the fact that some sociologists today reject the terms "sex roles" and "sex role socialization" is a reflection of the changing and developing nature of the theoretical framework. It is only through an examination of the history of sex/gender theory however that it is possible to determine how and why these same sociologists have rejected the frameworks that they have."

Tags:biological, critique, feminist, functionalism, gender, post, reductionism, sex, structural, structuralist, theory

Abstract
The writer looks at a few theories of arguing and how to imbue arguments with morality. Nearly all perspectives of moral theory offer interesting thought and contemplation for the reader. The paper attempts to harmonize these ideas and arguments about morality and its nature in order to make suggestions of how we ought to live our lives.

From the Paper
"The consequentialist proposes that the morally right option in any circumstance can be determined by deciding which option it is that brings about the most good, or the best consequences for all persons affected by the action. These individuals look at the good and bad of each situation and choose the option that will yield more good consequences than bad. A consequentialist will examine possible scenarios and eventually choose the one with the best end result. The utilitarian principle forces individuals to think about not only the direct and immediate consequences of their actions, but also any foreseeable future consequences (these future consequences must be taken into consideration when weighing decisions). Finally, the consequentialist must not consider one's happiness above another's that is, "each person's welfare is equally important.""

Tags:conversation, principles, self-improvement, decision-making

Abstract
The paper selects an organization ethics issue and based upon this selection examines the application of each of the six ethical decision-making steps in relation to the issue selected. The paper includes six distinct sections that correlate to the following: issue clarification, stakeholder analysis, value identification, issue resolution, addressing objections, and resolution implementation. The paper specifically the issue of employee monitoring in the workplace for purposes of performance management. The paper concludes that more research is needed on this subject.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Issue Clarification
Stakeholder Analysis
Value Identification
Issue Resolution
Addressing Objections
Resolution Implementation
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Americans With Disabilities Act provide legal guidelines for handling employee relations issues; however, it's possible to comply with the law and still not be on solid ethical ground." (Gravett, 2002) According to Gravett building a high trust and mutual respect organization requires an ethical framework in which information is "timely, accurate and complete...alternatives are discussed freely and ideas and problems are shared and concrete goals are developed in order to resolve the ethical issue." (2002; paraphrased) Therefore the issue of environmental ethics is one that may seek legal reforms as the forum in which to address the issue however, there are processes of dispute resolution engage in between corporations and municipalities or communities and then too, when alternative forms of dispute resolution fail there is also the option of legal remedy through the courts which however, generally takes much longer, costs much more and resolves less after all this."

Tags:stakeholder, macro-level, strategies, decision-making, process

Abstract
This paper argues that Rawls' Difference Principle does not represent a substantial advance over the social contract philosophy of the Enlightenment. The paper goes on to demonstrate, however, how Rawls achieves a clarification of the issue, and how this clarification is useful in the modern context of liberal democracy. The paper explains the significant terms of Rawls, such as 'the veil of ignorance' and the 'original state', and presents the counterpart ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers. Finally, the paper shows how Rawls' terms allow us to justify liberal democracy over alternative political philosophies such as socialism.

From the Paper
"What Rawls describes as the original state is nothing different from what Locke calls 'the state of nature'. Locke had explained that in the state of nature man is characterized by freedom, and when philosophically considered, freedom must lead to the concepts of virtue, justice and equality. From such considerations it is possible to arrive at the basic rights of man, a set of rights on which all will agree, if philosophically engaged. Rawls repeats this argument exactly, describing the set of basic rights as "the conditions embodied in the description of the original position", and that these are conditions that we all accept, "[o]r if we do not, then perhaps we can be persuaded to do so by philosophical reflection" (Rawls 2005, p. 21)."

Tags:freedom, equality, free, will, recognition, liberal, democracy, Locke, Kant

Abstract
This paper states that the problem of obesity in the African-American population has been a topic of some analytical import in extant research and literature, but there is little agreement about the actual causes of this problem and the proper ways in which to approach it. The author points out that one objective is to explore the link between high rates of obesity and high rates of Type 2 diabetes in the African-American population generally, seeking to explore this link in detail and assay solutions that deal with an individual's insulin levels and levels of insulin resistance by population. The paper relates that the selected hypothesis is that a useful way of targeting and reducing the prevalence of obesity in African-Americans is to look at the problem from a perspective of community-based solutions, which can be applied in terms of empowering change at the sociocultural level.

Table of Contents
Definition of Problem and Clarification of Objectives Definition of Nature, Extent, Significance
Framing of Questions
Statement and Clarification of Objectives Explanation of Terms
BMI
Type 2 Diabetes
VAT- Visceral Adipose Tissue
Super Obese
Insulin Resistance
Metabolic Rate
Statistical Collaboration
Appraisal of Existing Information on the Subject Search of Literature
Classification and Organization of Information Critical Appraisal of Information
Disclosure of Gaps in Knowledge
Formulation of Hypothesis
Important Questions Needing Study and Formulation of Hypothesis
Consideration of Needs, Interests, Resources Selection of Hypothesis

From the Paper
"In terms of gender-related statistics, obesity is a problem that seems to affect African-American women more than African-American men, based on extant statistics on the problem and the prevalence of this statement within literature ranging from socio-cultural analysis to controlled experimental designs. Although African-American males also have comparatively high rates of obesity when compared to other demographic groups, it is African-American women who have a higher rate of obesity than men. As one article stressing the report of the U.S. Surgeon General states, "Among Blacks, nearly 70 percent of Black women are overweight or obese, compared to 58 percent of Black men. Lower-income families also tend to be heavier than more affluent ones, since sometimes the most fattening foods are the cheapest," Satcher revealed."

Tags:framing, statistics, appraisal, gaps, questions

Abstract
The work of Carl Rogers has contributed in substantial ways to the development of psychotherapy. There exists an extraordinarily extensive amount of writing about the value of his research, his clinical work, his methods, his style, and his profound impact on therapy. This paper poses the question, ?Could interpretation of projective testing aid the process of reflection and clarification of communication between client and therapist during client centered (Rogerian) therapy??. The paper provides a critical analysis of Rogers?s work and into ?projective testing? itself. There are many forms of projective testing and diverse opinions with reference to projective testing. This paper critiques and analyzes several of them, using existing research in order to best formulate an informed answer for the central question being posed.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Carl Rogers?s Life and the Seeds of his Interest in Psychology
Client-Centered Therapy and Listening to the Client
Professional Responses to and Critiques of Client-Centered Therapy
Process of Reflection and Clarification in Client-Centered Therapy
Projective Measures / Projective Testing: an Introduction
The History ? and Methods of ? Projective Testing
Six of the Best-Known Projective Tests
Zeroing in on Spurious Therapists and Rorschach Projective Testing
Rogerian Reflection and Projective Testing
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Sir Francis Galton is generally given credit for devising the first projective test, which the British explorer and intellectual researcher developed in 1879. His test consisted of a word-association challenge; subjects were given a set of words and asked to produce a "first response" to each word. Following Galton's work, Carl Jung - a Swiss psychiatrist and renowned prot?g? of Freud - utilized a word-association test in combination with blood pressure measuring devices to detect what he called ?complexes.? Those complexes were "constellations of feelings and thoughts organized around an emotionally charged issue" (Lilienfeld). And Jung believed that a "delayed or physiologically pronounced response to a word" can indicate the existence of a complex."

Tags:Alfred, Binet, Galton, Inkblot, test

Abstract
This paper analyzes the fourth section of Elihu Rosenblatt' book "Criminal Injustice" which deals in particular with the clarification of gender issues and how these issues relate to prison reform. It examines how it addresses the particular stresses women face when exposed to punishment and the stresses of incarceration in the criminal justice system. It evaluates the misconceptions that often women's prisons are viewed as easier or less stringent then men's prisons and that women are "less punished" than men.

From the Paper
"The women's control unit featured highlights the difficulties women face in the real world of corrections. Women are judged not only as criminals, but also for their failure to obey certain societal, feminine norms as wives, mothers, or girlfriends. When women become judged as criminals, they are seen as not only forfeiting their rights as citizens, much like men, but also as forfeiting their rights as wives, mothers, girlfriends, daughters, etc. They, in essence, become viewed as "nonpersons" rather than individuals in need of rehabilitation, much less individuals still possessing a certain set of basic human rights. The controls set in action to monitor their behavior within a prison reflects this perception. Exposure to their children, for instance, is used as a method of control, when women have children."

Tags:prison, reform, criminal, justice, inmates, male, criminals