Abstract
The writer of this article discusses and compares the Russian and Spanish Civil Wars. The writer examines the causes and outcomes of each of the civil wars. The motivation and consequences of foreign intervention and the impact on international relationships are examined in this paper. The writer looks at Franco's Spain. Further, the writer discusses the Russian civil war as a by product of World War I.

From the Paper
"The Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War stand somewhat as mirror-image bookends in the two decades of often-uneasy peace between the two World Wars. Both took place in countries that were in some sense marginal to Europe as it was conceived politically and culturally. Both civil wars originated as ideological conflicts between the Left and the Right in their respective countries. Both ... "

Tags:russia, spain, civil, war, lenin, franco, intervention, hitler, fascism

Abstract
The paper studies both state and non-state actors' responses to the Yugoslavian Civil Wars in light of the theories espoused by Samuel P. Huntington in his "The Clash of Civilizations" and Niall Ferguson in his "The War of the World" in order to draw conclusions about the international community's involvement in the prevention, containment and resolution of war. The paper focuses on the United States, the largest state actor to become involved in the Yugoslavian Civil Wars, as well as the international community's non-state actors, the United Nations and NATO. The paper shows how, while the Yugoslavian Civil Wars that resulted in the state's dissection present an interesting study and solid support for a variety of international relations theories, the international community's response to the conflict is complex and controversial.

Outline:
State Actors: The United States
Non-State Actors: The United Nations and NATO
Conclusions and Implications

From the Paper
"The Yugoslavian Civil Wars or Wars of Yugoslavian Secession plagued the Balkans throughout the 1990s. Known for their hostility and violence, the wars earned the region a reputation as one of the most volatile in the world. One of those wars, the 1992 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, became one of the bloodiest intersections of ethnic and religious groups that the world has ever seen. Although the bitter ethnic conflict, which produced some of the first documented cases of genocide since the Nazi exterminations during WWII, was viewed as the primary cause of the war, individual, domestic, and systemic levels of international relations can all claim a degree of responsibility. In fact, international involvement in the Balkans during both world wars suggest that the importance of the area at the systemic level. For example, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was an ethnically motivated event fueled by separatists' desire for an ethnically united state."

Tags:United, Nations, NATO, Bosnia, ethnicity, conflict, containment, resolution, prevention

Abstract
The Spanish Civil War developed during the 1930s as a conflict between major social and economic interests, specifically the landowning class (supported by the military) and the peasant and working class (that was ill-treated by both). The paper shows that in Greece, by contrast, the tensions were not as deep and the sides might have worked out their problems, had not a succession of outside interventions taken place. Both conflicts were protracted and highly damaging to the economies of each country and to human lives. The paper explains that both conflicts also produced a long-standing, right-wing government that repressed opposition and prevented democratic reforms for many years. The political consequences continue to some extent to this day.

From the Paper
"The landowners benefited from easy profits from farming and had control of huge estates, a result of the sale of Church land and communal lands by the state in the nineteenth century. One result was the creation of a huge mass of landless workers living on low wages and facing a political system controlled by the landowners. The only way peasants could see change would be through land reform. Another source of instability was the economic depression of the 1930s. It was during this period, as tensions increased between workers and landowners, that there was an increase in left-wing union membership, with the Socialist Party in particular gaining members."

Tags:Truman, Doctrine, Popular, Front, Second, Republic, EAM, ELAS

Abstract
The paper considers the causes of the Yugoslavian civil wars on the individual, domestic and systemic levels of international relations in order to determine the implications for the future of conflict in the international realm. The paper shows how the Yugoslav civil war had no single direct cause; it was fueled by a mixture of individuals' ideas and the ruling elite, domestic ethnic strife and systemic alliances made during the First World War. The paper points out that with ethnic conflict still boiling in the Middle East and Balkans, there may be a repeat of this type of war in the future.

Outline:
Brief Summary of Current Research
Individual Causes
Domestic Causes of the War
Systemic Causes
Conclusion and Implications

From the Paper
"Although in the earliest civilizations scholars and learned men were expected to advise the king and military leaders on matters of state, international relations as field concerned with the impartial observation of the interactions and causes of interactions between states is a relatively new discipline. Preceded by the study of foreign relations, in which a student studies the impact of states on the international system on one particular state in order to make policy recommendations, the study of international relations considers more liberally the international system, made up of states, NGOs, and IGOS, when contemplating the cause of international phenomena--like war. Indeed, conflict theory has risen to become one of the most important issues of international relations."

Tags:international, relations, ethnicity, alliances, conflict

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the Lebanese civil war, describing it as a bloody, protracted struggle between opposing factions in Lebanon. According to the paper, this conflict originated with an assassination in April of 1975 which resulted in the country being ravaged by war for well over a decade. This paper further argues that the root cause of the Lebanese civil war was religious strife, and that this root cause continued to be the clearest discernible factor throughout the Lebanese civil war.

From the Paper
"The Lebanese civil war was a bloody, protracted struggle between opposing factions in Lebanon. It originated with an assassination in April of 1975, and would cause the country to be ravaged by war for well over a decade. In this essay it is argued that the root cause of the Lebanese civil war was religious strife, and that this root cause continued to be the clearest discernible factor throughout the Lebanese civil war. Lebanon was divided into Muslim and Christian Lebanese, as well as some Palestinians (all of whom were Muslim). Many of the last mentioned lived in refugee camps and were suspected of belonging to the Palestinian..."

Tags:lebanese, civil war, war

Abstract
This paper explains that a main factor leading to the Civil War was the divergent economic development and concerns between the north and south. The paper further explains that there were many economic factors which contributed to the Civil War, but three, manufacturing versus farming, slavery and the need for labor in the south and cash crops were paramount. The paper then attempts to examine these factors and how they contributed to the environment leading to the Civil War.

Tags:Civil War, slavery, regionalism, King Cotton, Dred Scott, fugitive slave laws

Abstract
This paper addresses the issues which lead up the England's Civil War in the 17th century. It discusses the results of the civil war, and how it lead to the 'Glorious Revolution.' It then looks at the affects of this revolution on England as well as other parts of western civilization--Scotland, Ireland and France. It spans most of the 17th century.

From the Paper
"In the early 17th century, a series of conflicts regarding religion and politics set off a civil war, or a sequence of civil wars, in England that also had a great affect on Scotland, Ireland and France. These conflicts lead to the English questioning both the power and the religion of their monarchs, which in turn lead to the Glorious Revolution, strengthening England's position as a world power. In 1625, after the death of his father, Charles I became the king of England. One of the first hints of religious difficulties ahead is portrayed through his marriage to the Catholic Henrietta Maria, in a period of time where the religion of choice was Puritanism. This, as well as his involvement in European wars, caused the English Parliament to be suspicious of Charles I."

Tags:england, civil, war

Abstract
The paper begins with a discussion of the unpreparedness of the North at the outbreak of the Civil War, the North had an army of less than 16,000, no general staff, no war plans, no adequate maps. The paper discusses, however, how it did have Abraham Lincoln, who developed a brilliantly successful strategy, and gradually found the generals who could take the war to the South and destroy its armies.

From the Paper
"One of the remarkable things about the Civil War was the lack of strategy with which it began. In 1861, with the southern states in secession and war looming, President Abraham Lincoln came into office to find a woefully understaffed and inadequate Army and a Navy so small and poorly ordered that it clearly could not address the crisis which the nation faced. The Army, which would be reduced substantially as southerners left, numbered barely 16,000 men, and had no general staff to develop strategic plans or even to envision strategy. Although it was soon apparent where a good deal of the fighting would take place, the Army plunged into..."

Tags:civil war, grant, lincoln

Abstract
The essay discusses the causes of the American civil war. The paper argues that the different economic and political systems in the Northern and Southern states caused tensions that led to the Civil War.

Tags:causes, civil, war

Abstract
This is an article review about how women helped during the Civil War. The paper shows that the article is relevant, has authority and seems accurate with an objective viewpoint of both sides of the war.

Tags:women, civil, war