Abstract This paper examines how there are abundant reasons, taking in the disciplines of anthropology, religion, law, and the social contract, to consider same-sex marriage an impossible path for humanity to tread. It looks at how there is another solution to same-sex marriage, the legalization of same-sex ?civilunions?, which would accord many of the same legal benefits as marriage.
Outline
Biological Imperatives
Civil Rights
Social Conscience
Conclusion
From the Paper "The fact that Vermont has already created civil union, and if the intention to change the social fabric of the country or, more ridiculously, create reality by fiat-were not apparently a large portion of the intention of those arguing for same sex marriage, as opposed to a civil union, then the matter would be easily solved. In fact, John Kerry's solution, which obviously appealed to the voters and legislators of Vermont"a notoriously common-sense sort of state"also appealed across the border in Canada. The Ontario Court of Appeals, on June 10, 2003, confirmed that Canadian marriage law violated the equality rights guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms because it failed to include non-heterosexual couples."
Abstract This paper examines how the Civil War still has a lingering effect on today's American society. The paper explains that this terrible conflict has impacted American politics, culture, economics and social values in many ways, but the political effects of the Union victory over the rebelling Confederacy have been perhaps the most important, for had the South won the Civil War, the existence of two rival countries at the center of the North American continent would have greatly altered future political, economic, cultural, and social developments. The paper looks at how, because of the Civil War, the federal government and federal bureaucracy became much more powerful, and the American president's war powers were significantly expanded. The paper then points out that progress against racial prejudice and discrimination began to be made, but nearly a century passed before racial segregation was ended and racial equality was accepted by most of the American people. The paper also discusses how the Civil War led to loyalty to America instead of loyalty to one's state, great industrial expansion, the creation of a national media, growing world trade, the development of active and powerful labor unions, and the establishment of an economic foundation that made the United States a global economic superpower within a hundred years. In conclusion, the paper shows that in terms of cultural changes, the Civil War led to a growing cultural sophistication across the United States in the form of increased public interest in literature, poetry, the theater, and art.
From the Paper "Fite (1983) notes that in terms of domestic politics, the expansion of federal authority required to win the Civil War created a huge and powerful central government in Washington D.C. and established a lasting precedent of centralized federal government power. Before the war broke out in 1861, the federal government was relatively weak, and the states retained significant political power. But during the war years, the Lincoln administration and the United States Congress were compelled to expand their powers in order to save the Union, and these powers resulted in an enlarged federal bureaucracy which, once established, was reluctant to give up the broad range of powers it had acquired during the war."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that both sides fought hard in the Civil War and claims that the Union victory was far from being a foregone conclusion. The writer notes that both the North and South boasted military prowess but for different reasons. The writer looks at the two sides of the North and the South and examines their various successes and failures throughout the war. The writer concludes that the turning point of the war at the Battle of Gettysburg proved that in spite of its initially tenuous leadership personnel, Union army generals like Ulysses S. Grant had what it took to capitalize on the North's many advantages to ensure victory.
From the Paper "The South, however, failed to solidify a victory for several key reasons. First, the South could have ushered support from Europe. As a major trading partner to both England and France, the Confederacy might have been able to use economic incentives to persuade British and French political and financial, if not military assistance. Although slavery had been abolished in Europe, the War of Secession was originally not framed as a battle for emancipation so European diplomatic support would not have suggested a conflict of interest. However, the South did not capitalize fully on its ability to woo the Continent."
"Another major reason for the South's eventual defeat was the very culture it wished to preserve: the plantation economy. The agricultural-based economy might have endeared the South to Europe, to which it traded a sufficient supply of cotton. However, agriculture failed to provide the Confederacy with the industrial strength it needed to win."
Abstract During the Civil War, railroads, which previously satisfied the demand for cheap industrial and agricultural movement, became increasingly helpful in mass transportation of troops and goods. The paper shows how railroads shaped the outcome of the Civil War and subsequently decided the fate of the nation by unifying the states after the war.
Paper Outline:
I. Introduction
II. Intended usage for the railroads during construction
A. Industrial revolution and the beginnings of the railroads
B. Northern reasons for building the railroad: race between companies to connect most cities
C. Southern reasons for building the railroad: movement of cotton D. Rising demand for cheap, mass movement of troops and goods III. How railroads aided the war effort
A. Helped divide country into different economical groups by geographical placement
B. Physical attack: ram into enemy positions, trains, etc.
C. Movement of troops to battle sites
D. Communication service when telegraph lines were cut
IV. Aftermath of railroad involvement in the war
A. Railroad contributions to the science of war- mass transportation B. Abolish slavery- constitutional amendment, states united
C. Preservation of the Union- Physically bound union together
D. Deterred foreign countries from attacking the US
V. Conclusion
From the Paper "After filling the demand for efficient land travel in the different sections of the US, the railroads hit their peak usage and importance during the Civil War. Before and during the war, railroads drew the economic lines of the war. By 1861, America had grown apart both politically and economically (Industrial). The South used rails for movement of cotton, while the North concentrated on industrial advances. The railroads helped the different businesses excel, furthering sectionalism by dividing the country into its profiting businesses. The railroads divided the nation into regions of political unity and economic ties (Ward 134). The Southern people were leaning more towards democratic ideals, while the North believed in more republican politics. The South was angry because they believed that the North was oppressing them. The South did not like the importation and exportation taxes of the North because they benefited little from the money. The South also believed that the Northern states were unconstitutionally treating the South by taking away the states? rights to have slavery."
Abstract This paper explores the different factors that lead to the Civil War between the North and the South in the U.S. It shows through the context of the Industrial Revolution, slavery, and State and Federal rights how a war was brought about.
From the paper:
"Before the Civil War, many Americans perceived their participation in the American nation to be a loose, amorphous connection to a larger entity. They saw themselves as citizens of a state, rather than a nation, Virginians or Georgians rather than Americans. The Civil War confirmed the United States? solidity as a Union, as a specific, united, conglomeration of states. Yet the Civil War did not ?come out of nowhere.? The period preceding the declaration of war on April 12, 1861 with the firing of Southern troops on Fort Sumpter was an equally tumultuous one."
The following dissertation looks at the causes of the U.S. Civil War. It finds that there is not one single answer to the question as to why the southern states seceded from the union.
Abstract This paper focuses on the issues that ran concurrently with slavery, although the issue of slavery dominated the middle part of the 19th century in America in its causes of secession and the U.S. Civil War. The writer looks at the legislation that affected the southern states, like the: Nullification Crisis that affected South Carolina in 1832, the Declaration of Causes by the seceding states and the widespread division that affected America in the late 1850?s, the 1850 Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill that caused great turmoil between the northern and southern states. This paper also looks at why the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, caused such consternation that the southern states finally felt compelled to secede.
From the Paper "The election of Abraham Lincoln as president and the Republican Party coming to power was almost a sure thing before the splits in the Democratic Party. The splits just made it an almost certainty, and again it was over the issue of slavery, only this time instead of fighting against each other it was in fighting. This meant that secession was a sure thing, which would have pleased so many of the vocal southern firebrands. It is hard to see how some of the southern states thought that they could survive without being in the Union, as one state is far bigger and prosperous when it is in a group rather than as an individual. But the southern states had had to put up with so much provocation and pressure from the northern states and often an anti slavery president government that this was the final straw for them. Why should they have kept putting up with all this hassle and troubles during the mid 19th century over slavery, which was a way of life for them. Some southerners knew that slavery would eventually die out in the future, put when they are pushed so hard and so much about the issue of slavery, their attitudes are going to harden and they would eventually dig their heels in."
Examines the Union's approach to reconstruction after the American Civil War, some of the errors it made during reconstruction, and the ramifications of those errors.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, 2002, $ 97.95
Abstract The American Civil War was thought to be the end of conflict in the United States. However, in many ways it was the beginning of many new problems. The Union that had gained control of the country is seen as building on victory, yet in this endeavour they made many mistakes which were to have long term consequences. This paper considers the mistakes, what they were, how they were made and why they were made along with the impact they had on the future.
Abstract In the paper I talk about why A. Phillips Randolph is rarely cited as a civil rights leader. I conclude that the reason that Randolph is not cited as a civil rights leader is because he was not radical enough and not as vocal as others. He preached non-violence and advancements through labor equality.
Abstract This paper provides a brief insight into the direct repercussions of the American Civil War and discusses how it took a toll on both Confederates and Unionists, with about $6 billion in total war costs and over one million war casualties. It analyzes how economic, military and diplomatic repercussions of the Civil War were all in some way related to abolition. It looks at how in order to be reaccepted into the Union, Southern states were forced to redraft their constitutions and elect new legislators and how this reconstruction of the southern state governments came with a large financial, political and social cost.
From the Paper "Reconstruction also affected domestic armies and led to an upsurge in informal Confederate militia groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Needing an outlet for their frustrations, decommissioned Confederate Army soldiers and anti-abolitionists formed and joined such paramilitary organizations. Union army officers enjoyed positions of power in the federal government, while Southern war generals suffered loss of livelihood and pride. Furthermore, for the economy and the new social order in the South to remain stable, the federal government divided the south into five military districts immediately following the end of the war."
Tags: reconstruction, abolition, slavery, union, government
Abstract This paper looks at the overall recruitment methods during the Civil War and explores whether or not the draft was needed in Connecticut and whether the draftees were given the same benefits as volunteers. It looks at the bounties, pay rates, and pensions given to soldiers. It also discusses the monetary benefits Connecticut offered to men if they volunteered for service in the Union Army and how they compared with the federal government's benefits. It focuses on the effectiveness of these recruiting methods and how they compared to the recruitment methods of other states. It explores the manner in which the families of slain or injured soldiers were provided for. It also looks at Connecticut's efforts to recruit African-Americans.
Outline
Introduction
History of Civil War Recruitment
Recruitment in Connecticut
The Draft
Bounties, Pay Rates and Pensions
Pay Rates
Pensions
Monetary Benefits for Volunteers by Connecticut and Federal Government
Families of Slain or Injured Officers
Recruitment of Black Soldiers
Overall Effectiveness of Recruiting Methods
Causes for War
The Aftermath of the War
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Volunteers in Connecticut were paid for their services. It is reported that the Westport Board of Selectmen was authorized to take $2,000 from the town's budget to pay volunteers to enlist in the Army. 10 Additionally individuals could avoid having to enlist in the military by paying other individuals $300 to take their place. This particular practice was known as substitution and was a common practice in Connecticut and other Northern states. By July of 1864 the city of Westport budgeted another $20,000 to pay substitutes for their enlistment.10 Eventually this payment system led to an informal class structure, in which poor Irish families served in the army so that their financial needs would be met."
Abstract This paper explains that many gay and lesbian couples believe their legal marriage is a civil rights issue just as heterosexual couples are allowed to marry because, if they are not allowed to marry, they miss out on the rights and benefits of marriage such as the right to visit a spouse in a hospital, spousal health insurance and marital tax breaks. The author points out that the Bible very distinctly forbids any homosexuality and refers to persons who perform homosexual acts as sinners. The paper relates that civilunions as domestic partnerships would offer the legal rights and benefits gays want without society endorsing their relationships as marriage.
From the Paper "More than three-fourths of the people in the United States favor equal rights for gays and lesbians; however, when it comes to legalizing marriage between people of the same sex, their attitude changes. About half of all U. S. citizens oppose gay marriage. In other words, they have conflicting feeling towards homosexuals. Many who support gay rights oppose marriage. Statistics show that about six out of ten people prefer their state to resolve the conflict; however, the other four out of ten agree with a constitutional amendment that would ban marriage between same-sex couples."
Abstract This paper examines the battles of the South in The Civil War. It explains that these battles led to the Union's victory over the Confederate Army. The author of the paper writes that General Grant's control of the sounds and rivers of North Carolina was vital to cutting off Lee's supply routes to Virginia. The paper illustrates the battle and provides the strategy and results of their outcome.
From the Paper "While the Civil War was fought throughout the southern landscape, perhaps the region that held the most importance to the Union goals was eastern North Carolina. Starting in 1861, with the Battle of Hatteras Island, and ending with the fall of Wilmington in January 1865, the eastern North Carolina's battlefields are an important link to the Union's success over the Confederate Army. "
Abstract This paper focuses on the historical events that led up to the American Civil War. Among the events discussed as part of the impetus to the war are the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Office of Presidency, the formation of the Confederate States of America, and the Confederate attempt to extend its sovereignty over forts belonging to the Union, in particular, Fort Sumter, and the subsequent attack on Fort Sumter.
From the Paper "Sumter located offshore at that time was under construction on a man-made island being made from the granite of northern quarries. Forts Moultrie and Johnson, and Castle Pinckney, enveloped the island. Prior to South Carolina's creation on December 20, 1860, the Buchanan administration refused to support the small federal contingent housed at Fort Moultrie, and Major Robert Anderson, was ordered to defend the forts if attacked. Following December 20, Anderson's situation became further difficult. The people in general wanted the army to start fighting, but South Carolina sent commissioners to Washington to settle the transfer of the forts to the state, and requested immediate control of Fort Sumter. However, Anderson feared the situation was becoming increasingly unstable, especially since South Carolina had already occupied Sumter. In the evening of December 26, Anderson deployed his small force from Moultrie to the defensible Sumter."
Abstract The paper discusses the epic struggle in the US between the Union and the Confederacy that left hundreds of thousands dead, the South devastated and American life changed forever. The paper explores how the Civil War had a profound influence upon life in the South in terms of politics, economics and social values.
From the Paper "The simmering political disagreement regarding the nature of the Union may have remained academic had it not been for slavery, upon which Southern economics, society, and culture were largely based. The South had an agrarian economy, depended upon crop production and cotton for fiscal solvency, and relied upon millions of slaves to tend the fields of Southern plantations. Slaves played a vital role in the Southern economy, for they provided the free labor which enabled Southern planters to prosper."
Abstract The paper discusses how the Civil War greatly altered the lives of tens of thousands of African-American soldiers and their families because of President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and his related decision to authorize African Americans to serve in the Union Army. The paper shows how historic events inspired an overwhelming number of former slaves to enlist in order to fight against the Confederacy that had enslaved them and also earn military wages so they could support their families.
From the Paper "In the second chapter of his book, Climbing Up To Glory, Wilbur Jenkins examines how and why initial Northern opposition to African-American participation in the Civil War was related to the respective treatment African-Americans received from the Union and Confederate governments during the fighting. African-Americans eagerly offered to fight for the Union as soon as the war broke out, but authorities in Washington D.C. rejected their offers for political reasons. (Jenkins 29-31)"
