Abstract
The paper discusses the topic of the war on terrorism in America. Specifically it discusses how the American war on terrorism has created numerous threats to civil liberties in the USA. The paper states that many Americans fear the threat of another terrorist attack, and believe the government has the right to take any measures necessary to keep that from happening. The paper concludes that many of the government's tactics threaten the civil liberties of Americans, a topic that is often overlooked in the war on terrorism.

From the Paper
"However, there are many areas where experts show American civil liberties are being threatened or decreased. For example, recent Congressional inquiries and votes indicate the concern over loss of civil liberties when it comes to phone surveillance and records. After 9/11, the US Patriot Act modified many rules and regulations regarding gathering foreign and domestic intelligence. One of the most controversial was the ability to wiretap or listen to phone, wireless phone, and email communications. Before 9/11, there were stringent guidelines on what type of communication could be wiretapped, and suspects who were wiretapped had to be notified if the evidence collected could be used against them in court. The Patriot Act relaxed these rules, making it much easier for agencies to wiretap both foreign and domestic phone calls, with little or no provocation. This means that the government essentially can listen to any conversation they want to, whether they believe it has a relationship to the war on terror, or not, which is clearly a violation of the right to privacy guaranteed in the Constitution (Etzioni 52). A recent bill would have absolved communications companies of any liability in these wiretapping cases, but Congress defeated that bill, indicating the growing concern over the loss of civil liberties."

Tags:civil, liberties, terrorism

Abstract
The paper discusses the dilemma of expanding national security operations and the loss of civil liberties.

From the Paper
"The terrorist attack on the United States on September 11 awakened both the government and the American public to the country's vulnerability to the determination of terrorist groups to inflict great harm and suffering on civilian targets. Almost immediately thereafter, President George W. Bush, supported almost unanimously by the U.S. Congress, called for legislation that would significantly expand the intelligence gathering powers of law enforcement agencies and the government. Over time, this expansion of powers has come under attack by those who..."

Tags:civil liberties, national security

Abstract
This paper is a response to the present trend towards the undermining of civil liberties. It takes the stance of realism and argues that the ideals of liberty cannot be abandoned, but the present situation requires that we be more vigilant that ever. The paper presents the Internet as the test case to show how and to what extent civil liberties are being abused and in this way, it justifies the increasingly hegemonic character of government. The paper argues that the burden of responsibility is more and more on the citizen, who needs to be vigilant regarding both government intrusiveness and the abuses of civil liberties.

From the Paper
"The use and abuse of liberty is most apparent when we come to study the Internet. We cannot imagine something like the Internet coming into existence in a climate of repression. Science has flourished in the modern era only due to the free exchange of ideas, which in turn is made possible due to the climate of liberty that has been fostered in America and the West. It is no coincidence that the advance of science and the advance of political liberty have gone in hand to hand. In many ways the Internet has evolved in its own way to what it is at present. Originally designed for the most secret of all uses, to transmit secret military information, it has become to be the most open of all media. It has come into being because it has served the purpose of bringing the world together, and thus to form the global community. This evolution of the Internet would not have been possible if freedom had been curtailed, or its progress had been planned through any agency. The Internet is entirely characterized by freedom. Also, the benefit that it brings must find its source in the liberty that it promotes."

Tags:Terrorism, freedom, human, rights, patriot, act

Abstract
The United States is a country founded on the notion of protected civil liberties. After all, the pioneers who came to the country in the 18th century were themselves fleeing from persecution and seeking the freedom to practice their religious beliefs and the right to discuss their diverging views in public. Today, these freedoms are protected by law under the Bill of Rights. They serve to protect individual freedoms from encroachment by the government. It is largely through the Bill of Rights that the Constitution limits the government's powers over the rights of individuals. This paper examines the dual role the government takes in approaching such freedoms. First is the passive role, where the law prescribes that the government limit its role in matters of individual civil liberties. This includes the hands-off policy the government is supposed to take in matters such as freedom of the press and privacy rights. The second part of the paper then examines the government?s more active role in enabling people to practice their civil liberties. This includes affirmative action policies that help address the historic inequality in the treatment of minorities and women.

From the Paper
"In cases of freedom of speech, for example, many government bodies and private citizens have raised concerns regarding the effects of violent media on viewers, particularly children. Most proponents of media regulations are also interested in protecting free speech and the free circulation of ideas. However, critics like Roger Kimball and his followers maintain that brutal and violent images in media generate violence within their viewers, by corrupting individual morals. Because of this, Kimball maintains that the government "also has an interest in protecting the moral sensibility of its citizens, especially the young" (21)."

Tags:Roger, Kimball, September, 11, Homeland, Security, Act

Abstract
This paper examines some of the most controversial parts of the USA PATRIOT Act and attempts to determine if civil liberties really are being compromised. The author expresses the opinion that Americans should have to give up as few of these liberties as possible, but in the society that we live in today, Americans should be prepared to accept some advancements in law enforcement and be willing to forfeit a few freedoms for the sake of safety and security.

Background and Significance
Brief Overview of the Patriot Act
The Problem - Discussion and Analysis
Are Civil Liberties at Risk?
The Solution - New Legislation

From the Paper
"On October 24, 2001 the One Hundred and Seventh Congress of the United States of America passed Public Law 107-56, also known as Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism, or, the USA PATRIOT Act. The Patriot Act was passed in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, when terrorist group Al Qaeda hijacked passenger aircrafts and crashed them into the World Trade Center towers, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania. Thousands of people were killed or injured in these attacks, and the government was under enormous pressure to develop legislation to prevent future attacks (Etzioni, 2004). The Patriot Act, which has proven to be some of the most controversial legislation drafted in our time, passed just six weeks after the September 11 attacks. The Act passed by an overwhelming margin, the vote in the House of Representatives was 356-66 and the vote in the Senate as an overwhelming 98-1. The Patriot Act was passed with very little public debate (Chang, 2001)."

Tags:congress, threatened, violates, fourth, amendment, invades, privacy, immigrants

Abstract
This paper examines, "The State of Civil Liberties: One Year Later", a report published by the Center for Constitutional Rights, which discusses a series of Executive Orders that indirectly seek to eliminate some of the most important aspects of American Constitutional rights. It looks at how these Executive Orders, which have been enacted since September 11, 2001, according to the CCR, are a threat to the civil rights that belong to every American. It shows how the orders enacted to fight the war on terrorism have nullified the rights of the people, as well as the responsibilities of the federal government. In particular, it discusses how the CCR is specifically concerned about the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments to the Constitution and the encroachments that certain orders have made on these Amendments.

From the Paper
"The CCR believes that the most disturbing act to undermine the separation of powers was the establishment of military tribunals to try accused terrorists. According the CCR, the Executive has taken on "the most fundamental role of the judicial branch... it gives the President the power to decide who will be tried under the system, to create rules by which a trial will proceed" (CCR 6). The report states that all of the key roles in the military tribunal process are to be "filled by military officers acting upon designation of the President." In such trails, evidence will be presented as officers acting like prosecutors and will be judged by officers acting as judges. In addition, the accused's attorney must be found eligible for access to information classified as "secret" under the Defense Department guidelines."

Tags:fourth, fifth, sixth, ammendments, terrorism, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses threats to civil liberties in the United States following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The paper explains that these threats fall into three broad categories: secrecy, erosion of checks and balances, and circumventing long-standing personal privacy protections. The paper discusses the reasons for these changes and how they are affecting American citizens.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Secrecy
Erosion of Basic Checks and Balances
Privacy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The last major threat to civil liberties, since the advent of September 11th, is the reduction of privacy in America. Privacy is one of the most valued of civil liberties for Americans. When asked if they'd be willing to allow the monitoring of telephone and e-mail conversations as a means of increasing national security against terrorism, only 34 percent of respondents were willing to give up this civil liberty (Davis & Silver). The ACLU clearly points out that the blurring of the lines between traditional separation of criminal investigation and intelligence gathering has seriously eroded the public's right to privacy. This is a backwards leap from the progress the country has made over the last four to five decades, when the FBI used programs such as COINTELPRO to harass civil rights leaders and anti-war groups ("Threats to Civil Liberties")."

Tags:secrecy, privacy, security

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a review of the relevant literature to show that Madison played a critical role in drafting the Bill of Rights due to his concern for balancing civil liberties and central government power. A summary of the research and important findings are provided in the conclusion. The writer points out that the research clearly shows that Madison was absolutely convinced of the correctness of his thinking at any given point in time concerning the need for ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The writer notes that it also shows that he was able to learn from mistakes, entertain the opinions of others without necessarily accepting them and contribute to the American nation through a life of public service that spanned 40 years.

Outline:
Perspectives Articulated at the Constitutional Convention
Federalist Perspectives
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The first major confrontation concerning the ratification of the Constitution involving the need for a bill of rights occurred in Pennsylvania several weeks after the close of the Constitutional Convention; at that time, the Seceders from the state Assembly called upon their electorate to consider whether the rights of citizens could be regarded as safe under a constitution that did not contain a bill of rights; also in Pennsylvania, Samuel Bryan argued in 1787 that the absence of a bill of rights made it essential for a second constitutional convention to be held to address the errors and omissions of the first."
"In response to these charges, James Wilson articulated the basis for distinguishing between a government of unlimited powers and one of enumerated and defined powers; in fact, Wilson also significantly contributed to the drafting of the Constitution as a member of the Pennsylvania delegation to the Constitutional Convention and was a prominent legal scholar who would subsequently serve as a Justice on the original U.S. Supreme Court. In this regard, Wilson believed that because the Constitution already delineated the powers available to the national government, there was little need to amendment them for the people's protection because the national government was without power to interfere in these domains."

Tags:Constitution, leadership, debate, convention

Abstract
This paper will discuss the ramifications of September 11th on American civil liberties. By presenting such legislations as the Patriot Act, we can see how nationalism after the attack has limited American freedoms of speech and action.

Abstract
It has been asserted by some people that extending civil liberties, as well as participatory decision-making (that is, allowing workers to take part in managerial decisions) to the workplace would improve the American workplace. This paper examines this idea in relation to Nancy Ehrenreich's book "Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America".