Abstract
This paper discusses the origin, extent and end of civil government and compares the views of Aristotle, John Locke, and Montesquieu on why we need civil government, what that civil government should be, and what that civil government does for us. The first part of the paper is very specific in describing what each philosopher thinks of the origin, extent, and end of civil government. The end examines the extent to which our Constitution was found on the political philosophies of the liberals.

From the paper:

?Nearly 2000 years elapsed between the time that Aristotle expressed his theories on political philosophy and the time that Locke and Montesquieu expressed theirs, this accounts for many of the differences in their thinking. Aristotle wrote his philosophy from an ancient point of view and when Hobbes came along during the Enlightenment, he changed political philosophy forever. Hobbes influenced both Locke and Montesquieu this is probably why they both differ so much from Aristotle. The liberals, as Locke and Montesquieu were, hold in common one fundamental premise: the freedom and equality of human beings. This is why they back away from Aristotle?s emphasis on virtue. Aristotle spends much of ?The Politics? discussing regime, while Locke and Montesquieu are simply more concerned with establishing some for of civil government.?

Tags:aristotle, based, civil, compare, constiution, end, enlightenment, extent, founded, government, john, law, locke, montesquieu, philosophers, politics, principle, regime, second, treatise

Abstract
This paper discusses the political background of civil society in Kenya, gives a summary of civil society responses to counter-terrorism measures in Kenya and the UK and concludes by recommending some urgent measures that civil society must institute to enable a more viable response to the changes and challenges brought about by post 9/11 security narratives. The author proposes a series of pointers which together form a strategy for a more effective and viable response from civil society to counter-terrorism measures that in many instances have an overall effect of limiting civil liberties and violating human rights.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Political context of civil society in Kenya
The post NARC era
The problem statement
The objective
Key findings, objectives and reflections
Summary of CS responses to CTM in Kenya
Summary of CS responses to CTM in UK
Conclusions and recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations and a proposed strategy for CS

From the Paper
"Civil liberties in Kenya have never really been embraced unreservedly by the establishment elite. Between 1964 and 1990 Kenya's constitution has been amended over 20 times by parliament primarily with the intention of strengthening the presidency at the expense of civil liberties Previous governments under presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel Arap Moi used the constitution as a political tool to extend and entrench their rule. During the early years of independence up to Kenyatta's death in 1978 the constitutional and legal changes were fast tracked to allow for greater political expediency, stifling of any political dissent and the creation of what has come to be know as an imperial presidency. Opposition parties like KPU -Kenya Peoples Union were banned and their leaders incarcerated without trial. Moi's tenure as president was not very different. People who challenged the state like Koigi Wamwere and others were jailed detained or sometimes killed. The 1982 coup attempt by some junior air force personnel created even greater impetus for Moi to put in place even more stringent measures against dissent and political opposition of any kind and Kenya became a de-jure one party authoritarian state. "

Tags:kenya UK civil terrorism, human rights, war on terror

Abstract
This paper examines the relevance of the Civil Rights Memorial located in Montgomery, Alabama, as it relates to the civil rights movement. The paper discusses the symbolism and the meaning of this memorial to Americans in the history of the civil rights movement, from 1954 to 1968.

From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Memorial is located in Montgomery, Alabama. It was built at the entrance to the headquarters of the Southern Poverty Law Center which is close to the church where Dr Martin Luther King Jr. served as minister when he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Memorial is dedicated to the memory of the more than ... men, women and children who died during the Civil Rights Movement..."

Tags:Civil rights, civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., race relations, African-Americans, voting rights, employment discrimination, Civil Rights Act of 1964, busing, desegregation, Supreme Court

Abstract
This paper explains why Dr. Martin Luther King decided to utilize the strategies of non-violence and civil disobedience as the guiding principles of the civil rights movement, of which he was the leader from December 1955 until his assassination in April 1968. The paper also summarizes some of the highlights of the movement, explains Dr. King's views about white moderates and about the role of black churches in the movement, provides some details about the violence that was inflicted by racists on the non-violent civil rights protesters, and concludes with a summary of the landmark legislative achievements of the civil rights movement between 1964 and 1968.

Tags:civil, rights, movement

Abstract
The television media was a crucial vehicle in the ascendancy of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. In many respects, the media helped civil rights succeed during this period, which explains, in part, why civil rights efforts were not as successful during the pre-television period. Even more interesting, and perturbing, is the fact that the post-civil rights period witnessed television playing a negative influence in the context of African-American equality. Indeed, as the theme in Todd Gitlin's "The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and the Unmaking of the New Left" suggests, television helped the civil rights movement succeed, just as it helped curtail it.

Tags:civil, rights

Abstract
This essay addresses the question of whether civil unions should be allowed for same-sex couples. The essay answers the question through the reasoning of "natural law," a theory based on reality rather than the laws of man and discusses Aristotle's view of natural law. The paper explores the current status of same sex unions in America and includes a map that shows "Same Sex Marriage Laws by State." The essay finds that since civil unions abide with natural law, civil unions should be allowed for same-sex couples. Further, it argues the benefits individuals receive from civil unions outweighs the arguments against same-sex unions.

From the Paper
"Allowing gays to be bound to one another or not allowing them to be bound to one another is a social issue that is definitely one of the most relevant of any social issue with people today. Despite those who seem strongly opposed to civil unions 52 percent of voters who were polled by CBS indicated that they would actually consider voting for a presidential candidate who they liked even if he did not share their specific views on civil unions (Poll, 2004). This has become increasingly important during this critical election year. Those who are opposed to civil unions are less willing to vote in this way than those who believe in civil unions, which seems that it would be expected (Poll, 2004).

Tags:civil union, natural law, human law, gay rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the Civil Rights Act of 1865 and its place in the time line of history. It further describes the political and racial climate leading up to the Act, and points out that the Act was the turning point after which significant progress began occurring in the realm of civil rights for blacks.

From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Act 1865 of came right in the midst of a series o flandmark events in the history of civil rights in America. In March of... the United States Supreme Court in the case of Dred Scott v Sandford declared that both free and slave blacks were not and could never become citizens of the United States. In the same decision the Court also declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional thus once..."

Tags:Civil Rights Act of 1865, 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, 15th Amendment, blacks, Negroes, civil rights, prejudice, Civil War, Black Codes

Abstract
The paper provides a comparison between the history of jazz and the Civil Rights Movement, and focuses on two jazz stars, Charlie Parker and Louis Armstrong. The paper shows how the early history of both jazz and the Civil Rights Movement entwined the two, making the full-fledged jazz and civil rights movements of the 1940s and 1950s undeniably connected.

Outline:
Introduction
A Comparison Of Jazz And Civil Rights History
Famous Jazz Musicians
Conclusion

From the Paper
"From Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Toni Morrison's Beloved to the African-American painter Charles H. Alston's portraits, art forms have traditionally made the emotions of the American civil rights movement more tangible. Throughout history, though, no art form has been more associated with the plight of the African-American than music. In fact, the Negro spiritual first marked the issue during the pre-Civil War era. Even after the Civil War, these spirituals became songs of the civil rights movement, beats that civil rights warriors would sing as they marched for their freedom."

Tags:Civil, War, blacks, Charlie, Parker, Louis, Armstrong, songs, dances

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the success of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and its important legacies. It defines the civil rights movement and the society's turbulent quest for equality among all of its sectors. The paper describes the mood of the country for change both at the level of grass roots and in the government.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Civil Rights Movement: Background
Reasons for the Success of the Civil Rights Movement
Expanding Role of Government
Struggle for Global Leadership
Economic Prosperity
National Culture
Students
Wise Leadership
Legacies of the Movement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although Civil Rights has a broader universal meaning, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States refers to the social, political and legal struggle to gain equal rights for the black Americans and to end racial discrimination. The movement has a history of struggle by several individuals as well as organizations dating back to the time of abolition of slavery but it gained unprecedented momentum in the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was instrumental in the successful passage of the Civil Rights Act, 1964 and the Voting Rights Act, 1965."

Tags:race discrimination usa untied states america equal rights black social, political legal civil rights act 1964 voting 1965

Abstract
This paper outlines the American civil litigation process from filing a complaint to the ending trial process. It defines civil litigation and briefly examines its purpose and scope. The paper also discusses how to initiate the civil action process and how to continue with it. A case study that examines the process of civil litigation between two parties is then presented.

Table of Contents:
Purpose and Scope
Commencement of action
Service of Other Processes
Pleadings
Motions and Orders
Depositions and Discovery
Trial
Judge for Yourself Case Scenarios
Case 1, Part (a)
Case 1, Part (b)
Case 1, Part (c)
Case 2, Part (a)
Case 2, Part (b)
Case 3, Part (a)
Case 3, Part (b)
Case 3, Part (c)
Case 3, Part (d)
Case 4, Part (a)
Case 4, Part (b)
Case 4, Part (c)
Case 4, Part (d)

From the Paper
"Filing a complaint with the court initiates the civil action process. The summons is signed by the clerk and bears the seal of the court. It identifies the court where the process started as well as the defendant. It states the name and address of the plaintiff. It also states the time when the defendant must appear and notify the defendant that failure to do so will result in a judgment by default against the defendant for the relief demanded in the complaint. Upon or after filing the complaint, the plaintiff may present the summons to the clerk for signature and seal. If the summons is in proper form, the clerk shall sign, seal, and issue it to the plaintiff for service on the defendant, and copies are issued for each defendant to be served. A summons is served with a copy of the complaint, and the plaintiff is responsible for service of a summons and complaint within 120 days or the court dismisses the complaint."

Tags:complaint file trial parties, civil action