Abstract
This is a short, yet in-depth account of the John Rieker film, "La Ciudad." The author takes you through the film as if you yourself were watching it. The author takes a personal look at the film and offers personal, subjective opinions.

From the Paper
"La Ciudad (which means "The City") is a movie set in the mid to late 1990's. It was directed by John Rieker, and is in black and white. In La Ciudad, the audience is shown four examples of how Spanish-speaking immigrants are mistreated and abused in the United States. The film is geared towards the American audience, however all but a very small portion of the dialogue is in Spanish, with English subtitles. This method is effective because it puts you directly into the environment of the immigrants, and helps you understand the significance of the language barrier between the two cultures, and make you feel as if you are truly witnessing the events that take place."

Tags:ciudad, la, review, spanish

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the unsolved, heinous killings that have taken place in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The paper points out that the numbers of dead and missing vary dramatically, and change frequently, but it is known that over the past sixteen or so years, hundreds of young women have been murdered, raped, dragged to remote desert graves and in many cases mutilated in and around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, just across a bridge from El Paso, Texas. The writer notes that the killings fall under three categories: they are ethnic because the women are all Latino; they are of a "class" nature because the great majority of women are working class individuals; and third, they are of a sexual / gender nature because all the victims are women.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Reasons Behind Male Resentment of Women in Mexico
Mexican Attitudes Encourage Violence against Women
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In other words, there is a bitter irony that Camacho wishes to address. Many of the products manufactured in the maquiladora factories are technology devices (cell phones, computer-related technologies) that a substantial portion of the economically deprived female workers will not be able to afford. Hence, these women are only pawns in the globalization game; they are not really participants in the more affluent global society, members of which feel a strong need to be able to download music and movies onto their cell phones, and carry Blackberry technologies so they can instantly receive and send emails, documents and photos wherever they are. Indeed, the poor women who labor in the maquiladoras are not part of any "civil society" - let alone a global civil society - because any sense of civility they may have experienced by earning a paltry $55 a week has dissolved in the river of ongoing fear generated by the mindless bludgeoning of so many young women in Juarez."
"Moreover, if these young women ever did enjoy a sense of Mexican citizenship, their bargain-basement participation in globalization has probably stripped them of that emotion."

Tags:sexual, violence, mutilations, killings, Mexico

Abstract
This paper presents a cross-cultural comparison between the Mexicans living in Ciudad Juarez and the Indians who live in Ecuador. It describes how both of these groups of people have been affected by the modern world in terms of industrialization and globalization. It also discusses the effects that this modern world has had on the culture and behavior of the people in these areas.

Table of Contents:
Mexican Border Culture
Ecuadorian Indians' Culture

From the Paper
"Meanwhile, in the Jivaro Indians' culture, far from being murdered and disrespected, the woman is greatly prized and protected, partly because of the plants she helps grow. To give an idea of how important some plants are to the lives and beliefs of the Jivaro people, the author of the book, The Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls, Michael J. Harner, an anthropologist and an ethnographer, explains on page 70 that the "Nunui" (a spirit, or fairy), provides supernatural help for the woman of the family, which it vital to the success of important plants."
"The Nunui's help in the garden is important for the natives, not just in the process of growing food items like sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, squash, red peppers, onions, pineapple, banana, and other edibles. The Nunui also helps in the growing of medicinal plants and hallucinogenic plants (drugs) such as Banisteriopsis species, and Datura Arborea."

Tags:globalization, industrialization, culture, beliefs

Abstract
According to the CIA World FactBook, Havana, with an estimated population of 2,125,000 is the capital of both Cuba and of Ciudad de la Habana province. It is the largest city and chief port of the West Indies and one of the oldest cities in the Americas.

Havana is the political, economic, and cultural center of Cuba. An important hub of air and maritime transportation, it is the focal point of Cuban commerce, exporting sugar, tobacco, and fruits and importing mainly foodstuffs, cotton, and machinery and technical equipment. Havana possesses one of the best natural harbors in the Caribbean and has long been strategically and ..."

From the Paper
"THE CITY AND PORT OF HAVANA SINCE CASTRO TOOK POWER

Introduction to Havana
According to the CIA World FactBook, Havana, with an estimated population of 2,125,000 is the capital of both Cuba and of Ciudad de la Habana province. It is the largest city and chief port of the West Indies and one of the oldest cities in the Americas.

Havana is the political, economic, and cultural center of Cuba. An important hub of air and maritime transportation, it is the focal point of Cuban commerce, exporting sugar, tobacco, and fruits and importing mainly foodstuffs, cotton, and machinery and technical equipment. Havana possesses one of the best natural harbors in the Caribbean and has long been strategically and ..."

Abstract
This paper offers a summary and analysis of the novel "Oficio de Tinieblas" by Rosario Castellanos. The paper explains that the book presents two very important underlying social themes in the context of the story's Mexican society in the rural area of Southern Mexico, where part of the novel takes place - the racial hierarchy of the white-influenced population of the area, and the effect of this patriarchal society on the women. Both of these themes can be exemplified, the paper notes, in the scene of the rape of the character Marcela Gomez Oso, a young indigenous woman, who like the other women, make clay pitchers to sell in town in Ciudad Real. The paper points out the novel's ever-present themes of the dominance of society on the basis of sex and race. The paper concludes that the novel reveals how the socio-racial hierarchy is established with white males on the top of the social ladder, demonstrating their power over the indigenous population and the women of that society.

From the Paper
"This scene also demonstrates the relation between genders in this patriarchal society. Throughout the novel, we see how the women in the society are viewed as submissive to men. The men occupy the important positions of society, giving women very little, if any, freedom. Mercedes describes the first time that Leonardo met her when she was a prostitute and he was young. Now, Leonardo keeps her living close to his house, where she is able to get girls for him. Although his wife knows about Leonardo's affairs, she has internalized the dominant male ideology and allows it to continue. The male dominance in this society is a major theme of this novel and is described later on in the novel by Leonardo himself."

Tags:Mexico, culture, patriarchy, women, indigenous, racism

Abstract
This paper reflects facts and feelings about the life of people on the border between the U.S. and Mexico. The approach taken in this research is to review the present day realities of the borderlands - some of those realities being harsh and even brutal - as well as learn what authors and poets and scholars have written about the preceding experiences of people on the borderlands. It contends that the themes that are presented - some sentimental, some poetic, others realistic and historical - are very important to the understanding of the borderland experience.

Outline
Introduction
Present Borderland Realities
Borderlands Experiences Viewed Through Literature
Borderlands Viewed Through History & Scholarship

From the Paper
"When it comes to the unsolved murders in Ciudad Juarez, the numbers of dead and missing vary dramatically, and change frequently. But it is a known fact that over the past sixteen or so years, hundreds of young women have been murdered, raped, dragged to remote desert graves, and in many cases mutilated in and around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, just across a bridge from El Paso, Texas. The unsolved heinous killings fall under three categories: they are ethnic ("racial") because the women are all Latino (Mexican); they are of a class nature because the great majority of women are working class individuals - low income employees - who are employed in the maquiladora; and third, they are of a sexual / gender nature because all the victims are women"

Tags:Ciudad, Juarez, El, Paso