Abstract
The paper details the issue that concerns zoning and operating restrictions placed on a Liquor store due to its classification as a public nuisance due to excessive criminal and illicit behavior on or around the property. The paper describes how excessive costs by the owner for shortened operating hours and a full time security guard were appealed. The paper notes that community members spoke in favor of the conditions which were eventually upheld by the city council.

From the Paper
"The location of Ken's Liquor has had numerous reports of violence, graffiti, and other activity that has a negative impact on the community. As a result, the City of Los Angeles Planning Department found the business was a public nuisance requiring modification. The City imposed 29 conditions on the business to continue operation (Report from City...)"

Tags:la, council, meeting

Abstract
This paper describes a study intended to determine the feasability of hiring support staff to assist city council members with their workload. The paper discusses several aspects of the study, including data collection, cost implications and recommendations. The paper concludes that the reasonable cost of obtaining an employee support staff member for each City Council member is well worth the City's resources sometime in the future.

Table of Contents:
Background
Data Collection
Analysis
Coordination
Cost Implications
Recommendations
Specific Role of Public Policy Analyst

From the Paper
"At present, however, it is recommended that two secretaries be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one for the other. Further, it is recommended that two research assistants, or Public Policy Analysts, be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one to perform duties for the other half. This will allow each City Council member to perform their duties and responsibilities at an optimum level and capacity. Each new staff employee would assist the City Council members by alleviating their overwhelming workload, coordinating meetings, performing research on important legal and administrative issues."

Tags:comparison, variables, salary, research, analyst

Abstract
The paper relates that the City Council has long been considering whether or not council members individually need staff support to assist them with their workload, and whether or not such a move would be cost prohibitive. The paper explains how many factors were taken into consideration to determine whether this would be feasible for the City Council to consider.

From the Paper
"The City Council has long been considering whether or not council members individually needs staff support to assist them with their workload, and whether or not such a move would be cost prohibitive. Therefore, many factors were taken into consideration to determine whether this would..."

Tags:city, counsel, staff

Abstract
This paper summarizes the February 28th city of Gardena council meeting and goes through issues pertinent to city growth, urban policy and city planning. These issues include planning, construction, finance, etc. This paper shows the parallels between actual policy and meeting issues to the theoretical views of a city council meeting, and goes through Gardena's successes and concerns as a budding city.

From the Paper
The February 26^th, 2008 City of Gardena Council Meeting: A Summary and Assessment Council meetings are important for many reasons. They help facilitate democracy and community knowledge of public policy on many levels, also giving the population of the city a platform on which to participate in civics and voice their views. On February 26^th, I had the privilege of witnessing a council meeting and its workings, firsthand. In my attendance at the City of Gardena Council meeting on February 26^th, I learned that, in relation to our class, there were both pertinent and inconsequential parts of the council meeting. I found this meeting via the

Tags:planning, city, gardena

Abstract
This paper attempts to determine what the cultural products and services are that will need to be enhanced to meet the future cultural needs of the target social classes of the Willoughby LGA in order to achieve sustainable cultural expansion. It examines how the four key issues raised within the literature revolve around cultural sustainability,
accessibility and elitism, ethnic backgrounds and the development of a sense of community.

Outline
Identify and Define the Concepts on the Basis of Information Provided in the Case Study
Draw a Concept Map
Define and Operationalise the Key Concepts
Research Questions
Information Needs
Outline a Range of Research Techniques that Could Be Used to Meet Those Needs
A Discussion of the Key Ideas or Theories within the Literature That Address the Research Questions.
An Assessment of the Extent of Knowledge/ Research on the Research Topic- Well Developed, Limited, Narrow or Broad in Scope
An Overall Assessment of the Extent to Which the Literature 'Answers' the Research Questions
Identify Sources of Secondary Data That You Consider Would Be Worthwhile For Your Project

From the Paper
"In the literature, issues were raised concerning accessibility and, more specifically, the access to cultural products and services of those with an ethnic background. People of Non-Australian Origin are 'likely to have a more positive view of the arts than those without such origin' (Saatchi, 2000,p108). It has been suggested that cultural expansion in this demographic may occur, if art activities which cater for the diversity of national origins of Australians is catered for (Saatchi, 2000). The Willoughby LGA has an expanding ethnic population. Research has suggested that there would appear to be unexplored interest among the population for cultural products and services which 'draw from our diverse cultural origins' (Saatchi, 2000, p35). "

Tags:bureau, classes, council, cultural, ethnic, expansion, income

Abstract
This paper looks at the Vatican Council II from the years 1962-1965 and examines how its legacy will continue to be debated and will undoubtedly continue to divide the church for decades to come. Vatican Council is the name of two ecumenical councils of the Roman Catholic Church that were held in Vatican City in Rome. An ecumenical council is a meeting of church leaders called by a pope for a special purpose. It looks at how Vatican II has changed the lives of every Catholic and has extended beyond the church itself through such issues as lifting the restriction of saying Mass in Latin.

Outline
Introduction
Background of Council
Sessions
First Period
Second Period
Third Period
Fourth Period
Issues
Church
Liturgy
Scripture
Bishops
Documents
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The general sessions of the council were held during four successive years, in four periods, from 1962-1965. The First Period, October 11 to December 8, 1962, included the Council Fathers and representatives of 86 governments and international bodies. Bishops decided to first consult among themselves in both national and regional groups, and in informal gatherings, resulting in a reworking of the structure of the council commissions and changing the priority of issues considered, including "liturgy, mass communications, the Eastern Rite churches, and the nature of revelation." After adjournment, preparations for the next scheduled session in 1963 began. However, the death of Pope John XXIII on June 3, 1963, brought a slight delay and the council continued its preparation after the election of Pope Paul VI on June 22, 1963. "

Tags:mass, latin, pope, rome

Abstract
This paper discusses the manipulation of physical space and other barriers diminishing quality education for minorities in the United States. In the paper, the author conducts a nation wide scan of those barriers, the players and interests involved, and the effects of those barriers on life chances, and identifies several alternative courses of action to remedy the situation. Specifically, these alternatives were judged upon their feasibility so that the New York City Council Education Committee could rely on the suggestions of the author in deciding how best to address this issue.

Outline:
Introduction
Residential Segregation in the United States Since the 1968 Fair Housing Act and How it is Connected to Quality Education
Key Players, Interests, Power and Histories
Effects of Residential Segregation its Effects on Education
Conclusion and Possible Courses of Action
Suggestions and Recommendations
Changing Election Districts
Changing Zoning and Land Use Regulations
Changing School Districts
Tables

From the Paper
"Residential segregation is the manifestation of the concept of economic superiority and minority socioeconomic inferiority through geographically dominated areas forcing minorities to live in designated areas away from the superior economically advantaged. As time goes on and a minorities gain economic success and try to move to an area that is populated by the economic affluent but they are blocked by a number of means including: zoning laws, housing development regulations, mortgage inflation, and changes in voting district zones. This behavior is illegal conduct in the United States since the passing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act and all subsequent acts that followed because the Fair Housing Act fails to eliminate discrimination in housing discrimination based on race, national origin, age, and families with children."

Tags:socioeconomic minority geographic economic, development regulations, discrimination

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes water restrictions in Lubbock Texas. Specifically, discusses local water restrictions and the block billing system that the city council designed. The paper criticizes Lubbock's introduction of block billing and raising water rates as a tool for water conservation. The paper explains that the billing is based on faulty calculations and will result in home and business owners paying more than their fair share of water costs. The paper suggests that to really gain the support of residents, the City Council should reconsider block billing and the time period used to set the rates, as it is faulty, unfair and results in water mismanagement rather than conservation.

From the Paper
"Block billing is a system of averaging water (or other utility) usage, establishing guidelines, and billing according to an average of water consumption for residential and commercial enterprises. In Lubbock, block billing for water was proposed and adopted in 2006, and went into affect in April 2007. The block billing structure was built on an average from September 2006 through February 2007, but this is a time when consumption is lower than in the warmer summer months. Thus, consumers will be penalized for using normal amounts of water in the summer, because the average is faulty and does not take into consideration the warmer summer weather in Texas. Using a time that water consumption is lower may seem to be a way to ensure consumers conserve more water, but that has already been proved wrong, as the system was only in effect a little over two months when residents were placed on emergency water restrictions."

Tags:conservation, consumption, desalination

Abstract
This paper will discuss how New York City voted for limitations on how long a public official may spend in his or her office. By understanding this recent event in New York City history, we can see how this has an effect on the present Mayor Rudy Guliani and how this will create change all across the board for New York politicians. This year, a new law goes into effect that limits the terms of New York City elected officials, forcing the mass retirement of most incumbents in the city - including the mayor, the comptroller, the public advocate, four of the five borough presidents and 36 of the 51 members of the City Council.

Abstract
This paper discusses and evaluates the various parts of the Stronger Toronto for a Stronger Ontario Act of 2005, in an effort to provide some insight as to how the Toronto City Council will act if the act is passed by royal assent. The historical value of such a bill would be unprecedented in the history of the city, which has been slowly creating an autonomous government since the City of Toronto Act of 1997.

From the Paper
"The aim of this study will be to understand and evaluate the new Stronger Toronto for a Stronger Ontario Act of 2005. By realizing the new powers of this charter to help pass more by-laws for Toronto's city administration, there are greater freedoms that allow the government to be more autonomous in legislation. In this manner, the overseeing Canadian government will allow Toronto the ability to access greater governmental responsibility for its ever-growing population."

Tags:canada, politics, ontario