Abstract
This paper discusses Phenix City in Russell County, Alabama, otherwise known as "Sin City, USA." The paper discusses the history of illegal activity in Phenix City and how the city became a haven for criminals. The paper then goes on to describe the efforts to clean up Phenix City and how its image has begun to evolve over time. The paper concludes by discussing the name of the city, "Phenix."

Table of Contents:
I. A.K.A.
"Once Known as "Sin City"
II. Commonplace Sins
A Haven for Hellish Activities?
Cleaning Up Phenix City
III. The name, "Phenix"
Excuses and Reasons

From the Paper
"Hugh Bentley, a layman, decided to try to fire the churches into action against the sin and criminal activity in 1946. Bentley stressed that Phenix City's problem was a moral one and that until the moral breakdown was changed, things would not improve. January 9, 1951, Bentley's house was blown up with thirty-six sticks of dynamite, however, neither he nor any of his family was seriously injured."
"In 1954, Albert Patterson, a sixty-year-old Phenix City lawyer, adopted his campaign crusade to be cleaning Phenix City's gambling machine. At this time, Phenix City was described by Life Magazine as the "wickedest city in the United States, . . . everything from gambling to murder to arson to fraud." (Ibid.) June 1, 1954, Patterson won the Democratic primary."

Tags:Sin, City, fugitive, gambling

Abstract
This paper summarizes the February 28th city of Gardena council meeting and goes through issues pertinent to city growth, urban policy and city planning. These issues include planning, construction, finance, etc. This paper shows the parallels between actual policy and meeting issues to the theoretical views of a city council meeting, and goes through Gardena's successes and concerns as a budding city.

From the Paper
The February 26^th, 2008 City of Gardena Council Meeting: A Summary and Assessment Council meetings are important for many reasons. They help facilitate democracy and community knowledge of public policy on many levels, also giving the population of the city a platform on which to participate in civics and voice their views. On February 26^th, I had the privilege of witnessing a council meeting and its workings, firsthand. In my attendance at the City of Gardena Council meeting on February 26^th, I learned that, in relation to our class, there were both pertinent and inconsequential parts of the council meeting. I found this meeting via the

Tags:planning, city, gardena

Abstract
The paper relates that organic plans are desirable in the sense that the city's design and dimensions adapt themselves to the 'lay of the land' and to the daily lives of the local inhabitants (Kostof 1991, 43). The paper explains that beyond that, an organic city that is freed of geometric constraint allows for greater freedom of movement: "the grid is inflexible in terms of human movement....with the impairment of municipal controls in the post-Roman city, natural movement soon carved short-cuts through the large rigid blocks of the grid" (Kostof 1991, 48). The paper also discusses how as new urban realities - economic, financial and artisanal - prioritized new areas and de-emphasized others, the city blocks and the city grid have to be re-organized (Kostof 1991, 48), and, the organic city plan allows for this sort of adaptation over time because it does not presume that any arrangement is definite and unyielding over time.

From the Paper
"Organic plans are desirable in the sense that the city's design and dimensions adapt themselves to the `lay of the land' and to the daily lives of the local inhabitants (Kostof 1991, 43). Beyond that, an organic city that is freed of geometric constraint allows for greater freedom of movement: "the grid is inflexible in terms of human movement....with the impairment of municipal controls in the post-Roman city, natural movement soon carved short-cuts through the large rigid blocks of the grid" (Kostof 1991, 48). As new urban realities - economic, financial and artisanal -..."

Tags:urban, studies, city

Abstract
The paper looks at how Quebec City plans to address its transportation and land-use concerns as the city's population grows and as problems created by poor urban planning in the past are resolved. The paper starts off by looking at how changes in the transportation system can cut down on environmental degradation; specifically, it is noted how Quebec City is trying to prioritize public transit and an improved road system so as to cut down on the use of pollution-spewing automobiles. The paper also explores some promising transportation initiatives which offer hope in terms of revitalizing Quebec City's downtown core. In a related vein, the paper looks at how the metropolis' urban housing situation can be improved if various proposals for rationalizing and re-organizing the transportation infrastructure are put into practice. The paper concludes by looking at how the city stands to benefit economically if it adopts a multi-modal and integrated approach to transportation and if it changes its historic land-use practices. The paper shows how Quebec City simply needs to go forward with the plans it already has in place.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at how Quebec City plans upon addressing its transportation and land-use concerns going forward as the city's population grows and as problems created by poor urban planning in the past are resolved; for the most part, the paper will focus upon transportation issues, leaving the land-use concerns to the end of the paper. In any event, the first part of this paper will start off by looking at how changes in the transportation system can cut down on environmental degradation; specifically, it will be noted how Quebec City..."

Tags:transportation, quebec, city

Abstract
A look at the discovery of Panama and the beginnings of Panama City. The paper discusses how the city was strategically placed and how, with the canal, it has developed into an important metropolitan city of South America. History of the city since the 1500's is surveyed. The paper deals with the series of foreign rulers and explorers who controlled the city.

From the Paper
"In 1501, Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered Panama in South America, which soon became a major point of dispersal for Spanish conquest and settlement in the New World (Preston 47). But of much greater value to the colonizers at the time was the City of Panama, then the capital of Castilla del Oro (later renamed into the Isthmus of Panama), and discovered in 1519 by Pedro Arias de Avila. The Isthmus served as a passage of advantage to Spanish ships between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and between continents (Preston 46) in their sea exploration and conquest activities. Panama City's importance derived exclusively from its control of that passage or route (Blouet 726) " from the City, expeditions set out for the conquest of the Pacific side of Central America up to Nicaragua and that of the entire South American west coast up to Chile (Blouet 729)."

Tags:south, america, latin, city, explore, cosmopolitan, history, sea, route, discovery, canal

Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the City of the Angels looking at a very mixed bag of primary sources about the nature of commerce and the city. The paper also looks at how the city has been defined by the nature of 20th century and now 21st century capitalism. It also looks at the way the suburb has been defined by capitalism and the ways in which Los Angeles as a city that cannot exist or be understood in isolation, has also been defined by the economics of suburbs and by the ways in which the bright promise of a city on the edge of the continent becomes so easily tarnished.

From the Paper
"We may borrow an opening line of a famous Russian novel and bend it to our own purposes, we might say that while every city is unhappy in its own ways, every suburb is unhappy in precisely the same way. This aphorism that we have just coined may help us to understand the history of the city of Los Angeles " although the history of this great American city is in fact one of the most difficult of all urban histories to write. It is difficult to talk about the nature of this city because it is not exactly a city " if one's model of a city is a place like New York City that is. But it is also a difficult city to define and to describe if one is attempting to describe it as a suburb. For while in the popular imagination Los Angeles may be nothing more than a suburb (although one imagines that its reputation for being a suburb is one based, again, in East Coast sensibilities), it is not in fact a classic bedroom community. Los Angeles is both suburb and city, both Dream Factory and home, a city of significant and fascinating contradictions."

Tags:ethnic, struggle, natural, disaster, capitalism, city, american, image

Abstract
This paper illustrates the issues of large urban port cities as seen in Dublin and New York City. The paper provides an in-depth history of each city and compares the social issues of the urban environment, ethnic diversity, poverty and crime.

From the Paper
"New York City is generally considered the doorway to America. It is the largest city in the nation, seven million strong, and a main hub of financial activity. This is probably the most racially and ethnically diverse of the large American cities, the epitome of the melting pot. A third of the population is of African descent, fifteen percent are Jewish, twelve percent Hispanic. Other ethnic populations have a vocal presence, including the Irish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Indian, and other Asians. If one city has represent urban America over the last 200 years, it would be the harbor city of New York, New York.

" Across the Atlantic ocean lies another city, a little farther from the ocean, though not much. It is the "fair city" of Dublin, that capitol of the Republic of Ireland. This is a fairly heterogeneous city, for it is the center of 4,000 year old struggle for cultural sanctity and independence. The vast majority of the citizens are Irish or British nationals, Christian and white. Most are Roman Catholic, and the largest "minority" are the British Protestants. One fourth of the citizens of Ireland, approximately 900,000 souls all told, now live in Dublin and its suburbs, and its name is becoming synonymous with Irish culture and tradition."

Tags:dublin, new, york, city, urban, city, cities, port, social, issue, environemnt, ethnic, diversity, poverty, crime

Abstract
The paper discusses how since the beginning of industrialization, cities have been growing larger, and this has had good and bad consequences. The paper explains that on the one hand, cities offer jobs, services, culture, recreation and entertainment and this means that the city offers the good life for many people. On the other hand, the paper contends that no city has ever meant the good life for all of its inhabitants. The paper argues that there is great inequality in the city, as we can see when we look at one of the most famous cities in the world: London.

From the Paper
"Since the beginning of industrialization, cities have been growing larger. More and more people have moved to the cities. This has had good and bad consequences. On the one hand, cities offer jobs, services, culture, recreation and entertainment. This means that the city offers the good life for many people. On the other hand, no city has ever meant the good life for all of its inhabitants. There is great inequality in the city, as we can see when we look at one of the most famous cities in the world: London. While London is a magnet for many tourists from around the world, some of the people in London live quite miserable lives. In fact, in the..."

Tags:london, city, inequality

Abstract
The following discussion will focus on city hall design in the last half of the twentieth century. The focus will be on the city halls of Kitchener, Mississauga, Ottawa and Toronto. Initially, a brief history of Canadian city hall architecture and an outline of the International style will be presented. Subsequently, the four projects will be briefly described and analyzed. A concluding section will offer some qualitative comments and assess the broader meaning of these projects.

Tags:canadian, city, halls, design

Abstract
A thorough history of the city of Fez, Morocco. The author examines the religions present in the city, and their influences upon each other as well the architectural designs of the city. Includes a timeline of the major events of the city.

From the Paper
"The city of Fez is located in north-central Morocco, east of the capital city, Rabat. It is roughly 150 miles south of the Mediterranean and 150 miles inland from the Atlantic coast. Sited in a valley of the Middle Atlas Mountains and fed by the Wadi Fez River, the city has an excellent environment to prosper in. The lack of adverse natural conditions has caused the city to become a cultural, religious and commercial center in Morocco. Its location at the intersection of several important trade routes has kept the city one of the most technologically advanced in Africa. What has kept this city in such high regard by the millions of Muslims who visit it every year and the 570000 people who reside there? (www.i-cias.com) The answer lies in the rich history of Fez. "

Tags:africa, architecture, city, europe, history, islam, jew, madrasa, mosque, muslim