Abstract
This paper discusses the role of public administration in five different American cities. The cities examined include Columbia, Missouri; Bozeman, Montana; Denver, Colorado; Fargo, North Dakota; and Yuma, Arizona. Different aspects of each city are discussed, including an examination of city organization and governmental structure.

From the Paper
"Public administration within the context of any city can take on a variety of forms. A number of organizational structures and functions are relatively common, such as fire and police protection. However, some cities have specialized needs and must develop organizational systems capable of meeting those needs and providing for the citizens of the city. These special needs often are developed outside the standard organizational structure of the city's administration functions. This is evident when we consider the Storm Water Task Force, developed as a special committee in the city of Columbia, MO. In 2001, the city council of Columbia authorized the Public Works department in the city to create a new task force that would deal specifically with storm water issues and agendas (Willett)."

Tags:public, administration, cities

Abstract
This paper examines the question of when and where ancient cities of the world evolved, particularly in the Mediterranean region. The paper further notes that this is an important area of study because it helps us understand how human beings have historically interacted with the natural world. The paper highlights which early cities took root in the Mediterranean and why they did so. Additionally, the paper looks at why some locations became favored over others and how the earliest cities became the technological fore-runners to today's giant urban centers.

From the Paper
"The question of when and where the ancient cities of the world (at least in the Mediterranean region) sprang up is one that is important if we are to understand how human beings have historically interacted with the natural world. With that in mind, the next few pages will look at when the earliest cities took root in the area and why they did so. Just as importantly, the paper will look at why some locations became favored over others and how the earliest cities became the technological fore-runners to today's giant urban centers. In the end, humankind's urban centers have evolved over time in large measure because of man's efforts to exploit the..."

Tags:ancient, cities, evolution

Abstract
This paper illustrates the issues of large urban port cities as seen in Dublin and New York City. The paper provides an in-depth history of each city and compares the social issues of the urban environment, ethnic diversity, poverty and crime.

From the Paper
"New York City is generally considered the doorway to America. It is the largest city in the nation, seven million strong, and a main hub of financial activity. This is probably the most racially and ethnically diverse of the large American cities, the epitome of the melting pot. A third of the population is of African descent, fifteen percent are Jewish, twelve percent Hispanic. Other ethnic populations have a vocal presence, including the Irish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Indian, and other Asians. If one city has represent urban America over the last 200 years, it would be the harbor city of New York, New York.

" Across the Atlantic ocean lies another city, a little farther from the ocean, though not much. It is the "fair city" of Dublin, that capitol of the Republic of Ireland. This is a fairly heterogeneous city, for it is the center of 4,000 year old struggle for cultural sanctity and independence. The vast majority of the citizens are Irish or British nationals, Christian and white. Most are Roman Catholic, and the largest "minority" are the British Protestants. One fourth of the citizens of Ireland, approximately 900,000 souls all told, now live in Dublin and its suburbs, and its name is becoming synonymous with Irish culture and tradition."

Tags:dublin, new, york, city, urban, city, cities, port, social, issue, environemnt, ethnic, diversity, poverty, crime

Abstract
This paper gives a literary and character analysis of Charles Dickens'" A Tale of Two Cities" which is described as one of the canonical works of the English literary tradition. The paper further describes the novel as portraying powerful historical events, although the immediate action focuses on a handful of characters whose lives intersect in various ways so as to forward Dickens' plot. Unfortunately, because of the intense nature of the events that were occurring in France and England at the time, the lives of the characters of " A Tale of Two Cities" fall somewhat flat.

From the Paper
"Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities is one of the canonical works of the English literary tradition. It is an historical novel set in the years just prior to the French Revolution. While the events portrayed in the novel are powerful and historical, the immediate action focuses on a handful of characters whose lives intersect in various ways so as to forward Dickens' plot. Unfortunately, because of the intense nature of the events that were occurring in France and England at the time, the lives of the characters of A Tale of Two Cities fall somewhat flat. Dickens has reduced their natures to mere caricatures of the human experience that do..."

Tags:tale, two, cities

Abstract
This paper discusses the article by Lowe on reclaiming cities for people and applies its ideas to the UAE.

From the Paper
"Marcia D Lowe's rationale in her article "Reclaiming Cities for People: City Planning" is that cities have ceased to provide a welcoming place that people can live in enjoyably and thus need to be reclaimed so that they accommodate people comfortably rather than just accommodating cars and industry. Cities have been designed for productivity rather than for living in and enjoying, and she asserts that they need to be redesigned to satisfy human needs. I agree completely with Lowe. While convenience and productivity are worthy..."

Tags:Abu Dhabi, UAE, reclaiming cities, land use diversity, pedestrian, traffic, vehicle, nature reserves, spiritual

Abstract
This paper presents a very complete and concise summary of Dickens' novel "A Tale of Two Cities", which breaks down the novel by chapters, and discusses all major plot points and character analyses.

Tags:charles, dickens, tale, of, two, cities

Abstract
This paper gives some definitions and answers some questions about the development of cities in America during the late 18th-early 19th centuries. It describes some of the problems of the change to an urban industrial society.

From the Paper
"Boodle was money made from inside knowledge of city projects. (Davidson et al.) Politicians made this money on every contract and bond issue, tax assessment and charter for a new business and it gave the average man a way to become rich. The New Immigrants came and were from southern and eastern Europe. (Davidson et al.) They came to escape persecution or just for a better life. Growing congestion in the cities led to the building of cloudscrapers now known as..."

Tags:Victorianism, cities, factory workers, urban, industrial

Abstract
This essay is a thorough analysis of the Charles Dickens novel, "A Tale of Two Cities". It focuses on the numerous instances of class distinction, as well as the developing tensions between classes during the given time frame.

From the Paper
"The historical context of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities directly alludes to the tense social, economic, and political climates in France and England during the beginnings of the French revolution. The aristocracy's grandiose lifestyle coupled with the lower classes' desperation formulates a conflicting juxtaposition throughout the novel. Dickens depicts a historically familiar atmosphere. He has a remarkable ability, however, to develop the consistent underlying social struggle between the well-to-do and the less fortunate. Whether he relies on blatant actions from certain characters or the outcry of citizens' sentiments, Dickens develops an accurate reflection of conflicting classes throughout the novel."

Tags:caste, charles, cities, class, dickens, distinction, social, socioeconomical, struggles, system, tale, tension, two

Abstract
This paper reviews gender, class, money, military purpose, citizenship, behaviour - including hubris and sycophancy and patronage, as different facets determining social class in Ancient Greece and Rome. The range of subjects discussed span over the Greek, Hellenistic and Roman periods, including different examples from many different cities.

From the Paper
"Throughout this essay, it is pertinent to realise that the idea of public and private spheres is an 18th Century premise with no basis in the Ancient world where privacy and community overlapped and were not separate "worlds", rather, there were degrees of closeness. In establishing those inside and outside of the social hierarchy this overlap causes considerable confusion in evaluating factors for status. It would be remise to view women as lack any social status because of lack of political rights; women still played a very important role within society."

Tags:ancient, behaviour, citizenship, city, gender, hubris, patronage, social, status, wealth

Abstract
Canada's large metropolitan areas, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, are increasingly defined by the ethnic and racial heterogeneity of their populations. As a result of increased immigration in the post-World War II period, the number of peoples with backgrounds other than English and French has swelled the population of the country. In many respects the experience of Canadian cities in this regard mirrors that of North American cities in general. It is in this context that this essay examines the phenomenon of ethnic and racial segregation in Canadian cities.

Tags:ethnic, race, segregation