Abstract
In the paper I talk about why A. Phillips Randolph is rarely cited as a civil rights leader. I conclude that the reason that Randolph is not cited as a civil rights leader is because he was not radical enough and not as vocal as others. He preached non-violence and advancements through labor equality.

Tags:african, american, blacks, booker, douglas, jackson, king, labor, lewis, lincoln, sharpten, union

Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial question of the theological continuity between the Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. The writer refers to and cites from relevant literature on the subject to establish the relationship and meaning of "ruach" in the Old Testament for the Holy Spirit and "pneuma" in the New Testament. Examples are given from the Old Testament of passages where "ruach," also translated as breath or wind, refers to the Spirit of God. The Holy Spirit is also seen as a means of knowledge and understanding that is provided by God, as, for example, when the Spirit acts as a guide in leading Israel out of Egypt in Exodus. Another aspect is the relationship between a pure heart and the infusion of the Spirit of God, as in Psalm 51 where David pleads with God, referring directly to the Holy Spirit of God in his earnest request for inner cleansing and for the Spirit not to be taken away from him.

Outline:
Introduction: an Overview of Theological Perspectives
Examples of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The question of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament is a matter than has raised a considerable amount of controversy. On the one hand there is the view that there are very few references to the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament, at least in the sense that it is referred to in the New Testament. However, on the other hand many scholars and theologians refer to a much broader and more inclusive and continuous understanding of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament. This point is clearly summarized by Mcdonnell (1998) in a discussion of the terms 'ruach' and 'pneuma'."

Tags:unity, awesome, Job, Moses, Ezekiel, regeneration, rebellion, mystery, spiritual

Abstract
This paper looks at the history of the issues concerning the "right to die" for terminally ill patients. The "right to die" is not a new issue and it has been debated for many years in the courtrooms of America. It examines how the "right to die" debate focuses on a patient's right to decide whether their life should end or when a family of a vegetative patient asks for permission to let their loved one die. It evaluates how, as the medical community becomes even more advanced, it will become important to decide the right to die issues. The author uses analytical skills to dissect and argue several right to die cases that have been presented in court in America and discusses the ethics of the practice as well as presents ideas about the future "right to die" arguments and cases.

From the Paper
"One of the first and most famous cases in the right to die debate was the case of Karen Quinlan. Quinlan slipped into a coma and was pronounced in a permanent vegetative state. For many years she was kept alive by tubes and machines though her brain was not showing activity and her body could not fend for itself even in the most simple of tasks such as eating or breathing. Her family wanted her suffering to end not to mention that the financial burden was almost never ending for a person who was never going to recover or improve. The family took the caregivers to court to get the court to give them the right to unplug her feeding tube and allow her to die a natural death. They were refused. It was the first such case in the courts in the nation in recorded history and it received worldwide media attention."

Tags:coma, euthanasia, suicide, medical, community, jack, kevorkian

Abstract
This paper explains how medical malpractice occurs, and explains why reform regarding medical malpractice laws is absolutely necessary. The author puts a lot of his own personal observations and views into the paper and explains why people find it hard to file a lawsuit against a doctor simply because they cannot find a lawyer who is willing to take on their case.

From the Paper
''Medical malpractice occurs when there has been professional negligence from a specialist or doctors in general, also including nurses and others whom may work directly or indirectly with the patient. Unfortunately as medicine is a ``practice'', errors naturally occur. However, there is also many times where the errors are caused by the neglect of another. ''Between 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die in hospitals each year due to preventable medical errors; Even using the lower estimate, preventable medical errors in hospitals exceed attributable deaths to such feared threats as motor-vehicle wrecks, breast cancer, and AIDS'' (IOM, 1999). Those statistics are alarming and the key word here is ''preventable''.
Large settlements from medical malpractice lawsuits directly impacts medical malpractice insurance rates. This problem has had much to do with individual states instituting cap laws to protect insurance companies and physicians alike from erroneous lawsuits. Although the intended purpose may be helping avoid such lawsuits, in turn it is creating a major problem in the quality of patient care.''

Tags:insurance, malpractice, patient

Abstract
The paper looks closely at "The Prince", a work of political philosophy in which Machiavelli describes behavior that is considered unethical. According to this paper one cannot determine whether or not he believed that this represented an ideal practice. This paper asserts that Machiavelli differed from other writers of the period in that he wrote with a view of reality, not about an ideal.

From the Paper
"In 1512 the powerful Medici family retook Florence, and the republic was over. After a few years in prison, Machiavelli became a writer of political philosophy who did his primary work during this period. Because of his unorthodox views, he virtually developed a whole new way of analyzing government and its behavior and purpose. Machiavelli was also extremely interested in history, and developed many of his theories as a result of historical research."

Tags:Florence, philosophy, politics, Italy, government

Abstract
Using literary critics and text-based information, this paper argues that in "Romeo and Juliet" there is a lack of tragic elements, an abundance of comedic scenes, that most critics overlook the lack of "romance" in the relationship of the protagonists, and that Shakespeare never intended 'Romeo and Juliet" to be a romance or tragedy.

From the Paper
"William Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet is most notably regarded as the quintessential romantic tragedy, but this view is superficial, at best. While some literary critics would argue that Romeo & Juliet is a tragedy in the classic sense, adhering to Aristotle's principles of what a tragedy should be, other critics have concurred that the structure of Romeo & Juliet falls more into the category of comedy and / or satire. The issues which cause critics to fight over the true genre of the piece may be seemingly obscure and minute, but, under close examination, it becomes quite clear that in literature as classic as Shakespeare's, it is in the detail that the meaning is found. James Forse contends with the Neo-Classicist critics of the Eighteenth Century who "adjudged Romeo & Juliet as a flawed tragedy which lacked Aristotelian unity of plot and action, the character flaws essential to tragic protagonists, and a sense of the inevitability of tragic outcome" (122). Harold Wilson, on the other hand, disagrees, stating that, "The play's tragic theme is unified by Petrarchan notions of "noble death": the lover's suicides represent the triumph of love over death? (31). Thus he attempts to defend the play's tragic intent and nature. If a critical reader examines this work, it will be difficult for him or her to find reasons for defining themes like "true love" and "fateful destiny" by the tale of Romeo & Juliet as so much of the general public does today. Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet is neither a tragedy nor a romance, but is, rather, a comedic satire meant to be didactic in nature."

Tags:comparison, criticism, historical, view

From the Paper
"Letters of Credit
This paper will discuss letters of credit in the domestic and international settings. Both straight commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit will be examined. The emphasis of the paper will be on the maintenance of independence between letters of credit and the underlying transactions they support.



Commercial Letters of Credit
A commercial letter of credit is a legal undertaking by a bank or other lender to pay a certain designated "beneficiary" if terms and conditions prescribed in the letter are satisfied and certain stipulated documents are tendered.. The beneficiary is usually the seller of the goods in the transaction; the buyer in the transaction is refer..."

From the Paper
" The purpose of this paper is to discuss each of the eight lifespan development periods (prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood) as cited by Laura E. Berk. The discussion reviews the basic facts, concepts, and developmental issues salient for each period.

Prenatal Period-Conception to Birth
This is the period during which a one-cell organism grows into a human baby. Eisenberg, Murkoff and Hathawy (1991) provide an extensive discussion of this period, pointing out that development proceeds according to genetic instruction. Gestation, the term commonly used to refer to all of the development occurring before birth, is said to occur in three.."

From the Paper
"What led to World War I? The question is surprisingly difficult to answer, yet it is vitally important to an understanding of modern times. Much of the violent change of the twentieth century had its origins directly or indirectly in World War I. Even before it ended the war brought the fall of Czarist Russia, the Russian Revolution, and the emergence of Communism as a revolutionary political force. World War II stemmed so directly from the unsettled issues of World War I that the two can be regarded simply as two phases of one war. Indirectly, World War I set the stage for the decline of Britain as a world power, and more broadly for the end of European imperialism, while the massive and futile slaughter on the Western Front battlefields permanently shattered the cultural self-confidence of the West."

Abstract
This essay covers most topics surrounding affirmative action, including background, first affirmative action case and more recent events. The writer claims that affirmative action, while created to help bring blacks and whites together, only further spreads the races apart and should be abolished.

Table of Contents
History
Civil War
Reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws
Presidential Orders
Past Court Cases
Con and Rebuttal
Con Quotes and Opinions
Jessie Jackson on Affirmative Action
Lyndon B. Johnson on Affirmative Action
Rebuttal
How Affirmative Action Hurts the Civil Rights Act
Ill Effects of Affirmative Action
Recent Events
Piscataway Board of Education vs. Taxman
Proposition 209
California Ballot
Suit against Proposition 209
Arguments for Proposition 209
Arguments against Proposition 209
University of Michigan and Bush Brief

From the Paper
"According to the Webster's Dictionary, affirmative action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. "Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education, and contracting decisions" (Froomkin 1). It has been a controversial topic in the United States since it began to plague the country in the early 1940's. Affirmative action as it is now seen, is giving unequal or special employment, or educational rights to minorities. "Affirmative action programs were originally created to correct racial and cultural discrimination, dating from the days of slavery and public segregation. But the initiative has proven controversial, and enforcement has often applied in a random and confusing way" (Mears 1). While created to help bring blacks and whites together, affirmative action only further spreads the races apart and should be abolished."

Tags:209, african, americans, civil, proposition, racism, rights