Abstract
This paper presents the two most common forms of citation styles, the APA and MLA styles. The author describes when these formats are used and in which disciplines. The importance of using citations is also discussed as is the problem of plagiarism. The differences between the two citation styles are illustrated through the examples of title pages, in-text citations and bibliographies.

Outline:
Usage of Citation Method
Document Format
In-Text Citation
Works Cited
Footnotes and Endnotes
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The Modern Language Association was begun in 1883 as a form of collaboration for those in the scholarly arena (Modern Language Association 2004). The standards for the citation of resources in scholarly writings was the outcome of such an effort to create a standard and formal method of giving credit to the authors whose work is utilized in an academic manner. Currently, the sixth edition is available. Most usage of MLA is found in the liberal arts and humanities (Stolley 2006). "

Tags:Modern, Language, Association, MLA, American, Psychological, Association, APA, citations

From the Paper
"Beginning on January 1, 1992, motorcycle riders in California had to wear helmets or risk receiving a moving violation citation. The helmet law was controversial on several fronts, with hard-core motorcycle riders concerned about the loss of freedom that goes with not wearing a helmet, helmet manufacturers interested in an increase in sales and insurance companies concerned both that the helmet law would reduce the seriousness of injuries received by riders while increasing the number of product liability cases that were filed against manufacturers of helmets. This research examines the motorcycle helmet law and considers its economic effects both to individual riders and to society as a whole.

At the heart of the controversy surrounding the helmet law is where an individual's personal freedom to enjoy a leisure activity.."

From the Paper
"The American system of juvenile corrections has numerous failures and few successes, and it is a system in crisis as the inner cities produce more and more street gangs, violence, and troubled youth. There are many reasons for the increase in these problems, and the programs developed to cope with them have not kept pace with the rate of change and have not served well to control juveniles or to address their problems. Yet, new programs are suggested all the time, showing that there is a realization of the need and an attempt to come to terms with it. The system is seen as overburdened and as facing new levels of violence in the streets so that the sorts of crimes with which the system must cope are more serious than in earlier periods. The system, which has been based on a rehabilitation model, has also been seen as ineffective, and new approaches have been..."

Tags:CRIMINAL, JUSTICE, JUVENILE, DELINQUENCY

Abstract
The complete citation from the included text was not given and therefore could not be included in a bibliography - there is not even an author on this. The paper is a commentary on racism that people do not always think about. The author provides an argument about using cultural icons for purposes other than they were intended. The arguments are quite sound and inspire contemplation.

From the Paper
"Who's Doin' the Twist?" In "Who's Doin' the Twist? Notes Toward a Politicos of Appropriation", the author is clearly a woman of color that is expressing her take on racism, cultural icons, and progressiveness. She begins by explaining the contradictions that she sees in Europe amongst Whites when it comes to acceptance of Muslims and African cultures. In addition, she proclaims that there is a specific type of intolerance for Muslims but this is not a main focus of the writing. These people seem to believe, in her eyes, that women are always repressed and treated harshly. She begs to differ with this assumption and describes types of feminism in both European and her

Tags:racism, opression, progressive

Abstract
The paper discusses the "Milgram Experiment" information located at Wikipedia.org to determine whether Wikipedia has a place in student research. The paper argues that Wikipedia is an excellent tool for research, as long as it is not the only tool the researcher uses. The paper notes that anyone and everyone edits it, and the academic world does not consider it a valid reference tool, but contends that it contains up to date information and it does check its articles for accuracy and citations. The paper believes that Wikipedia is an excellent starting point for a student to begin research on just about any subject.

From the Paper
"The Milgram Experiment is a notorious psychological experiment used to determine how people react to authority and obedience. In the experiment, a "teacher" worked through a series of simple problems with a "learner." If the learner made a mistake, the teacher would shock them with a gentle "electric shock" (in reality, the learner was in on the experiment and was not shocked), using more electricity with each succeeding mistake. The purpose was to observe if humans would blindly follow the orders to continue the experiment even if they thought they were inflicting pain on the learner. In Milgram's findings, 65 percent of the teachers did indeed follow directions and inflict the "shocks" all the way to the maximum 450 volts. Milgram wanted to show that a majority of people would simply "follow orders," something that had intrigued him since the Nuremburg War Trials for the remainder of the Nazi soldiers found responsible for the Holocaust."

Tags:Milgram, Experiment, accuracy, citations, reference, articles

Abstract
The paper describes the various components of an APA manuscript, including the title page, abstract, body of paper and reference section. The paper specifies the proper way of citing sources in-text and providing a reference list.

Outline:
Intro to APA
Parts of Manuscript
Using In-Text Citations
Citing References
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The start of an APA paper should always begin with a title page. The title page takes the whole paper and puts it into one title or statement. The title should be well stated, and clearly define the purpose of the paper. "The title should be fully explanatory when standing alone" (APA, 1994). After one has a title that represents the paper as a whole, the next thing to do is insert the author of the papers name under the title. "The preferred form of an author's name is first name, middle initialand last name..." (APA, 1994). Also with the author's name is the institution the paper is being associated with. If there is no institution then the author's city and state of residence should be listed. The next element of the manuscript is the abstract."

Tags:manuscript, citations, quotes, references

Abstract
This paper explains that, when creating a written work, a writer often turns to other sources for information and confirmation of their ideas, which need to be given credit for their content. The formatting of these citations and references and the general formatting of the paper itself are specified by several organizations. The author points out that APA, MLA and Harvard, the three of the most common formatting styles used today, have many similarities including the inclusion of the author's surname or an abbreviated title when an author is not available for in text citations; however, the inclusion of the year of publication and/or the page number differs according to the style. The paper relates that, the reference list of the works cited also differs in style, yet typically contains similar information, giving the reader the ability to investigate the cited work.

Table of Contents
Introduction
APA Format
MLA Format
Harvard Format
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first step is to identify the author of the electronic source. This is sometimes not identified. In those instance, the page title is substituted for the author's surname in the in text citation, surrounded by parentheses. Date of publication must also be determined, as well as the URL of the electronic source. The full URL should be provided to direct the reader exactly to the source, and not just the main page of the material. With direct quotes, where page numbers are normally applied in the Harvard style, these are omitted, as they typically don't exist in electronic source materials."

Tags:electronic, credit, similarities, publication, reference

Abstract
This paper examines the dimension of Kenya's national debt. It describes the enormity of the debt in human terms, as the author writes that the cost of paying just the interest alone on the debt is far larger than what the government spends on healthcare. The paper investigates the true motives of the Poverty Reduction Strategy.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Purpose of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Political Consequences
Political pressure by IMF
Internal violence
Conclusion
In Text Citations

From the Paper
"Africa spends four times more on interest on her loans than on healthcare.

"The issue of Third World debt is one that cannot be ignored or wished away. In just 10 years, it escalated from a little over $400 billion in 1980 to a staggering $1.3 trillion in 1990. Kenya's eternal debt is more than $7 billion". Nairobi (The Nation, October 13, 1998) ""

Tags:africa, world, bank, third, poverty, political, internal, violence, debt, nation, national, west, imf, international, monetary, fund, reduction, strategy

Abstract
This paper goes into a description on the subject of geneticists. The author breaks down the strengths and weaknesses of Dorthy Nelkin's argument, a sociology professor who questions the legitemacy of genetics. Includes quotes and in-texts citations, as well as opinions and beliefs.

From the Paper
"Dorthy Nelkin, a sociology professor, has begun to question the legitimacy of genetics, the human genome, and the accuracy of geneticists' beliefs and statements. In her passage "The Grandiose Claims of Geneticists," Nelkin states that "Until recently, scientists have paid little attention to communicating with the public." Nelkin's statement may very well be true, but to the vast majority of Americans- the housewives, the food service workers, the construction workers, the grocery store clerks, and the unemployed- how much does this really affect their everyday lives? The medical breakthroughs that geneticists find may very well be the extent of the concern surrounding this futuristic science. Genetics is a science that has emerged before our eyes as being some great discovery, but everything cannot possibly be "all in the genes."

Tags:sociology

Abstract
This paper discusses the theme of sexuality as seen by Benjy, the mentally retarded Compson brother in William Faulkner?s "The Sound and the Fury". Using many well chosen in-text citations, this essay discusses how Benjy understands the sexuality of his sister Caddy, what sexuality implies for him, and how he tries to free her from her sexuality.

From the Paper:

"In William Faulkner?s The Sound and the Fury, characters appear to trip and stumble through time as they attempt to narrate a past that is so painful for them that they sometimes lose control of their memories in narrating them. While the episodes in the different characters? chapters seem to flow from their minds without restrictions, there are, if closely examined, correlations between the memories. While Quentin?s and Jason?s memory triggers can be subtle and nested in dialogue, Benjy?s, because he is mentally impaired, are much more concrete; he relies on concrete images and objects as triggers for his memories. In the earliest episodes of Benjy?s narration, clothing becomes an important symbol for sexuality that then serves as a trigger for Benjy?s memories involving his sister Caddy and his issues with her sexuality."?

Tags:american, benjy, caddy, clothing, faulkner, fury, literature, sexuality, sound, william