Abstract
This paper examines the issues of copyright infringement and circumvention of technology with reference to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. The author of this paper has carefully studied the law in question and has focused on various issues connected with this legislation. DMCA is a highly controversial law that has been staunchly opposed and actively supported by different section of the public and it has managed to attract great deal of media attention because of various lawsuits that emerged in this connection. The paper looks into some important court cases for impartial and objective study of the law.

From the Paper
"There has been a long-standing debate on the issue of freedom of speech in the United States. While the Constitution of the country explicitly grants American citizens the right to share information and to speak freely without fear of prosecution through the First Amendment, still both the government and public are confused about the extent to which this legislation is valid and applicable. This is because freedom of speech and the very closely connected issue of copyright infringement have now entered a new realm i.e. the digital world and simply speaking this one domain knew no laws or rules when it first invaded our lives. We need to understand that Internet has on the one hand made access to information easier but on the other hand the same medium has been accused of encouraging copyright violation which has now turned into one of the most heatedly debated issues. Businesses and the general public is not aware of the extent to which they can use copyrighted material available on the Internet while the online companies are puzzled as to what actually constitutes infringement and to what extent can they provide access to such materials to their valued users. With major problems surfacing in this connection, online and digital businesses have been forced to exercise more caution when dealing with copyrighted material."

Tags:infringement, circumvention, technology, law, digitize, music, business, napster, cryptographer, encryption, high, bandwidth, content, protection

Abstract
The paper outlines the brief history of Bill C-61 and what its key provisions are; the essay subsequently looks at how the new legislation - if ever passed - would tighten regulations vis-a-vis consumer obligations in the realm of copyright but would also impose an anti-circumvention law that, for all intents and purposes, would place ordinary consumers in jeopardy of being sued for merely recording their favourite music or shows for later viewing. At the same time, the paper discusses how the anti-circumvention measures outlined in the proposed bill would undoubtedly create renewed demand for Digital Rights Management software - which would hurt the entertainment sector because it would drive down consumer demand for goods fitted with the new software while simultaneously making a mockery out of the notion of "free TV".

From the Paper
"Definition of bill C-61. Anti-circumvention component of proposed law. Renewed demand for DRM software if legislation passes. Support in entertainment community for C-61. Notion of "fair-use". Greater likelihood of litigation if bill passes. The following paper will look at whether Canada's Bill C-61 is headed in..."

Tags:bill, c, 61, canada

Abstract
The paper outlines the brief history of Bill C-61 and what its key provisions are; the essay subsequently looks at how the new legislation - if ever passed - would tighten regulations vis-a-vis consumer obligations in the realm of copyright but would also impose an anti-circumvention law that, for all intents and purposes, would place ordinary consumers in jeopardy of being sued for merely recording their favourite music or shows for later viewing.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at whether Canada's Bill C-61 is headed in..."

Tags:canada, c, 61, direction

Abstract
Recounts the life of a medieval woman who professed to having frequent conversations with God, the Virgin Mary and various Saints. This paper explores and discusses some of the factors responsible for Kempe?s circumvention of standard expectations.

From the Paper
"The Book of Margery Kempe, is a fascinating work that records the life of a self-proclaimed medieval prophet. Despite tremendous obstacles, such as her own illiteracy and widespread public animosity, her controversial autobiography has survived. Interpretations of this work cover a wide range, from believers in her mystic ability to those who would label her fanatical, psychotic, deluded and suffering from postpartum psychosis. Insane or not, Kempe remarkably managed to defy the rigid societal restrictions commonly placed on medieval women."

Tags:fanaticism, medieval, mysticism, prophet, religious, spiritual, women

Abstract
This paper analyzes two examples of state circumvention of the de facto constitutional authority of the 13th Amendment to protect black Americans against the severe limitations on their day-to-day rights and freedoms formerly imposed by slavery. It shows that, by enacting the Black Codes, starting in 1865 following the 13th Amendment, however, and by giving birth, in 1866, to the Ku Klux Klan and its reign of terror over the freed men, the southern states successfully circumvented the actual enjoyment by blacks of most of the freedoms granted them by the 13th Amendment.

From the Paper
"Through its clandestine activities that terrorized the blacks, the Ku Klux Klan effectively, even if not legally, more or less enslaved them using fear, despite the freedom granted them by the 13th Amendment. Clearly, the 13th Amendment did not entirely free them, then: it was not until 1871 that "Congress passed the Ku Klux Klan Act, which gave the federal courts jurisdiction over conspiracies against the freedmen and authorized the President . . . to declare martial law in any terrorized community" (Carman 739). Even then, however, various state laws continued to interfere with federal laws protecting blacks, and even well into the 20th century, "The Supreme Court nullified laws Congress passed to protect African Americans from intimidation and murder by lawless mobs" (Reconstruction 7)."

Tags:civil, rights

Abstract
This paper explains that the essay, "The Library Card", by Richard Wright, illustrates a young, black man growing up in Memphis who cannot borrow books from a whites-only library because he cannot obtain a library card. The author points out that the racism experienced by Brent Staples is subtler, but still present in the legal racism of the Northern states of the 1970s. The paper stresses that even if one man experiences de jure versus de facto racism, this does not mean that racism has less of an impact upon Staples's life than it does on Wright's.

From the Paper
"Both contradicting ideas in both essays the young Black man dangerously striving for knowledge against legal constraints and the adolescent Black man dangerously lacking in knowledge, walking down a city street, are simultaneously held in the minds of racist society. The experiences of both authors, when viewed in consort, shows that there is no way out of the irrational, racist mindset other than bringing it to the reader's attention. Black education is feared and Black violent ignorance society fears what it has attempted to generate. It existed in the past, and it still exists today, just as damaging, even if the legal prohibitions that thwarted Wright are no longer in place. In fact, because Wright circumvented the law, perhaps the law matters less than the fetters that exist upon white minds that endanger Black self-esteem."

Tags:libary, legislation, racist, invisible, circumvention