Abstract
This essay examines whether criminals should be partially excused or forgiven on the basis of causal or mitigating circumstances, in terms of whether they should get the same punishment if they have mental problems, or have been abused.

Abstract
This paper explains that, in modern society, much of the political landscape is largely describes in terms Conservative, Libertarian, Liberal and Radical theory; whereby, individuals find themselves supporting one or more of these positions. The author points out that these political beliefs often serve as the forefront of progress in society. The paper relates that the differences in these viewpoints are indicators of change and support of a wide variety of public initiatives.

From the Paper
'In modern society, much of the political landscape is largely based upon the terms Conservative, Libertarian, Liberal and Radical, whereby individuals find themselves supporting one or more of these positions. Each individual also possesses his or her own definition of these terms and their meaning within society, and they play an important role in the facilitation of daily activities. Within this realm, it is necessary to apply these terms and to understand their relevance to important issues. An important issue that applies under the realm of these political beliefs is freedom of speech, whereby each term signifies a different perspective. Conservatism typically signifies more traditional beliefs regarding the role of government in society, whereby limited freedom of speech and expression is typically allowable.'

Tags:political, conservative, liberal

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic circumstances that initiated the creation of the welfare system and how the welfare system has influenced today's economy. The research is conducted through a review of relevant peer-reviewed literature and uses a methodology that is qualitative in nature.

Outcome:
Statement of Purpose
Expected Outcomes of Research
Significance of Research
Methodology
Review of Literature
Statement of Findings

From the Paper
"Quite clearly, good intentions and high ideals originally brought about the creation of the welfare system. However, the creation of the welfare system also created a perpetual state of welfare when the system suddenly snatched the supports from beneath the many who were dependent on this system without placing supports that would aid those who were dependent in finding true independence and ultimately has perpetuated the need for assistance throughout the United States that extends into several generations of individuals."

Tags:study, policies, budget

Abstract
This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues, the money could be given to charity, instead of being kept by the professor and thus do a lot of good for others that the professor might otherwise not be able to do. The student argues that "The ends justify the means", so to speak and therefore accepting the bribe is the right thing to do. We will outline what utilitarianism says about this case and discuss whether it is legitimate for the student to offer the bribe from a utilitarian point of view.

From the Paper
Abstract This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues,

Tags:utilitarianism, ethics, philosophy

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is often argued that juveniles are victims of circumstances and bad environments. Further, the writer points out that it is said that they come from "broken homes", "dysfunctional families", and "deteriorated neighborhoods" lacking any "internal community support". The writer discusses the relevance of this theory with the "rational" choice theory that criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice. The writer examines the issue of whether youths engage in criminal activities due to their dysfunctional environments or whether they thoughtfully plan, organize and rationalize their criminal activity. Social control and rational choice theories are compared to determine whether youths are victims of their environments or they specifically choose criminal activity regardless of their upbringings.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Youth Development
Theories Examined
Social Control Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Social control theory can provide explanations to why the majority of incarcerated youths are from poor environments. The theory is criticized for not explaining why juveniles from stable positive environments commit crimes. The concept of white collar criminals is somewhat contrary to social control theories. Youths have risen from poverty, dysfunctional families, poor schooling, deteriorated neighborhoods and criminal peers to become well functioning productive members of society. An unstable difficult environment does not necessarily produce juvenile delinquency as social control theorists would suggest. Numerous negative factors do affect whether a child becomes prone to criminal activity but there are no solid rules or clear explanations."

Tags:victims, environments, circumstances, punishment

Abstract
Discusses the historical circumstances that shaped all slave societies. The economics of slavery, worldwide and in the United States. Focus on slavery in the Ameican South as a function of Capitalist development. Contends that the spread of slavery depended largely on the activity of government on behalf of commerical interests. Briefly compares U.S> rigid racial idiology to more liberal one on Brazil and the West Indies. Reform movement and Abolitionism. Policies of politicians. Impact of Westward Expansion on slavery.

From the Paper
"Slavery in the South dominated the social structure, drove the economy, and permeated the political system (Oakes 40). While all slave societies had similarities, each one was shaped by the historical circumstances within which it developed. The influence of liberal capitalism in the South helps explain how the slaveholders achieved extraordinary powers and how western political culture, the capitalist economy, and the liberal state limited these powers (Oakes 40-42). Modern slave societies shared the fact that their existence was inconceivable except as a function of capitalist development. The institution of slavery in the American South was different because while slavery dominated the economy of the ancient world, this New World slavery was in and of itself the servant of the driving force of capitalism (Oakes 52)."

Abstract
This is a survey of the primary characteristics of the gospel and the circumstances which brought it into being. The fourth gospel has always been thought to contain some of the most advanced Christology and theology in the New Testament and in this essay the writer considers the origins for its unique perspective. Factors such as the purpose, date and authorship are examined as well as its distinct preoccupations and its relationship with the Synoptics.

From the Paper
"It has often been said with some justification that John's gospel offers both the most depth of interest to the scholar in the New Testament while at the same time being of the greatest benefit for a simple reading. The reason for this is that the character of the fourth gospel is in its way unique. It contains detailed and advanced Christology and language while at the same time possessing a fundamentally spiritual and easily accessible veneer. Not only this but it is free of the awkwardness of narrative which is sometimes present in the Synoptics. To ask the question of how it came to be written is unavoidably to engage with this character. In fact there are a range of issues which are intertwined with the notions of authorship and general background. To address the Johannine question satisfactorily, then, it is necessary to seek some continuity in resolution of the problems that arise. This is particularly true in the case of the structure of the gospel and the nature of its composition. Perhaps the most effective way to proceed, then, is first to deal with the character of the gospel and its makeup and by doing so try to reach some resolution about its nature and purpose. During this process some resolution might be sought of the more general aspects of the method of composition. With this in mind the details which might be useful in establishing the circumstances can be examined to reach an impression of background. After this the question of authorship will be thrown into a somewhat clearer light and so this too might be addressed effectively. Only then, with ideas that cohere with the various issues, can the question of how the fourth gospel came to be written be said to be answered."

Tags:christology, synoptics, testament, new

Abstract
"This study will examine three works' treatment of the common theme of searching for meaning in life under harrowing circumstances. The three works are Erich Maria Remarque's anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Charles Dickens's Hard Times, and Jurek Becker's Jacob the Liar.

From the Paper
"This study will examine three works' treatment of the common theme of searching for meaning in life under harrowing circumstances. The three works are Erich Maria Remarque's anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Charles Dickens's Hard Times, and Jurek Becker's Jacob the Liar. The novels deal with various aspects of European history which portray the rise of forces of dehumanization which occurred in the 19th and 20th century (through World War II). Remarque deals with world war and its impact on individual human beings.

Dickens' novel deals with social and economic forces which lead to the dehumanization of workers and children. Becker's novel deals with the dehumanization of victims of a second world war, and specifically with a victim of the Nazi concentration camps which were a central horror in that war. Each of the books also deals with the ..."

Abstract
This essay seeks to decide whether the character of Emma is a 'monster' or victim of circumstances. It looks closely at Emma's moral progress, mapping out key events in the novel that help her to develop. It also discusses the "bildungsroman" genre and how 'Emma' is novel which partly conforms to that genre. It refers closely to the text and quotes both parts of text and outside sources. It comes to a very firm conclusion.

From the Paper
"She is a refreshing change from the usual 'whiter than white' heroines that are portrayed in most novels, and instead is a very lifelike character. The other characters in the novel are more like caricatures, Emma is the only 'real' character in the book with the potential for development, and that is why we like her. The reader has the privileged view of observer so we are able to see the mistakes she makes and laugh at her mischievous plots. It is useful to compare Emma to the character of Mrs Elton."

Tags:analysis, bildungsroman, character, english, heroine, literature, moral, novel, progress, spiritual, emma, knightly

Abstract
This paper discusses the mysterious conditions surrounding Marilyn Monroe's death. The question of suicide vs. murder is discussed and different versions of the story are presented. The writer also describes the life she lead and the people she socialized with, while trying to connect these with the circumstances of her death.

From the Paper
"At 4:25 a.m. on August 5, 1962, Sergeant Jack Clemmons of the West Los Angeles Police Department answered a phone call. According to some reports, the caller identified himself as Dr.Ralph Greenson. Greenson was Marilyn Monroe's personal psychiatrist and analyst. According to other reports, the caller identified himself as Dr. Hyman Engleberg, Monroe's internist. According to Donald H. Wolfe, in his book, The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe, the caller was Engelberg (4). Agitated to the point that Clemmons was unable at first to understand the message that the physician was trying to convey, when the caller finally calmed himself enough to convey his message, it was one that was immediately suspicious and remains today the subject of outrage. "I am calling from the house of Marilyn Monroe," he said. "She is dead. She just committed suicide." "

Tags:police, controversy, mafia, questions, intimate, government, CIA, Frank, Sinatra, Castro, Kennedy, public, autopsy