Abstract
This essay discusses Henry Petroski's "The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance". It discusses how the author provides his readers with not only the history of the pencil, but with an understanding of how the engineering evolution works in general.

Abstract
This essay examines whether criminals should be partially excused or forgiven on the basis of causal or mitigating circumstances, in terms of whether they should get the same punishment if they have mental problems, or have been abused.

Abstract
This paper explains that, in modern society, much of the political landscape is largely describes in terms Conservative, Libertarian, Liberal and Radical theory; whereby, individuals find themselves supporting one or more of these positions. The author points out that these political beliefs often serve as the forefront of progress in society. The paper relates that the differences in these viewpoints are indicators of change and support of a wide variety of public initiatives.

From the Paper
'In modern society, much of the political landscape is largely based upon the terms Conservative, Libertarian, Liberal and Radical, whereby individuals find themselves supporting one or more of these positions. Each individual also possesses his or her own definition of these terms and their meaning within society, and they play an important role in the facilitation of daily activities. Within this realm, it is necessary to apply these terms and to understand their relevance to important issues. An important issue that applies under the realm of these political beliefs is freedom of speech, whereby each term signifies a different perspective. Conservatism typically signifies more traditional beliefs regarding the role of government in society, whereby limited freedom of speech and expression is typically allowable.'

Tags:political, conservative, liberal

Abstract
This paper decribes the process of evaluating, negotiating and determining action under the unique circumstances of 9/11 which compelled us to decide.

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic circumstances that initiated the creation of the welfare system and how the welfare system has influenced today's economy. The research is conducted through a review of relevant peer-reviewed literature and uses a methodology that is qualitative in nature.

Outcome:
Statement of Purpose
Expected Outcomes of Research
Significance of Research
Methodology
Review of Literature
Statement of Findings

From the Paper
"Quite clearly, good intentions and high ideals originally brought about the creation of the welfare system. However, the creation of the welfare system also created a perpetual state of welfare when the system suddenly snatched the supports from beneath the many who were dependent on this system without placing supports that would aid those who were dependent in finding true independence and ultimately has perpetuated the need for assistance throughout the United States that extends into several generations of individuals."

Tags:study, policies, budget

Abstract
This paper discusses the death of Alexander the Great. The paper puts forward the circumstance surrounding his death and the various versions of his death as recalled by various people and cultures.

Tags:alexander, great, death

Abstract
This paper explains that there are significant parallels between the characters in the film and the story, including how they conduct themselves and the transitions they go through that lead to the eventual discovery of their own suppressed character aspects. The author points out that the major differences is the rationale for actions committed by the counter-characters and the character personalities that prevail. The author relates that these two works are prime examples of what people will go through to conceal what they have inhibitions about being.

From the Paper
"The most significant characters in these two works are the Grandmother and The Misfit of "A Good Man is Hard to Find" and the Narrator (Jack) and Tyler Durden of "Fight Club". The Grandmother and Jack are alike in the ways that they attempt to maintain their respectable lives. The Grandmother tries to be sweet and good-natured as she feels a lady ought to be. She lightly attempts to convince her son Bailey to go to Tennessee instead of Florida by coming up with a list of reasons to change his mind, instead of exercising her authority over him as his mother. She makes no attempt to discipline her grandchildren and ignores their rude disrespectful remarks toward her. The Grandmother wishes to take her cat along, but instead of expressing her wishes to her son, she furtively conceals the cat so as not to cause a disagreement."

Tags:characters, suppressed, rationale, counter, personalities

Abstract
This paper discusses how the right of combination and set-off, as developed under English law offer a number of safeguards to banks and creditors in general. It looks at how these rights were expanded under the principles that they were necessary to effect substantial justice and that they would stimulate economic growth and trade. It suggests that the judicial application of these rights has tended to unfairly favor banks at the expense of the individual customer, which may initially stimulate growth by encouraging banks to provide loans, but in the long term may serve to deteriorate trade, particularly at the international level. It demonstrates how customers in other countries, particularly civil law countries, experience much more risk when they do business with an English bank and hence may be better off refraining from bringing their enterprises there, or at any rate must be extremely careful in drawing up contracts to insist on settlement of disputes in other jurisdictions.

From the Paper
"Basically, English set-off allows a creditor to use any money it owes an insolvent debtor to pay off the debtor's liabilities that have become due to the creditor. Thus, when liquidation commences, only the party that had the larger claim is still owed the net balance. Liquidation legally occurs when the company passes a resolution to voluntarily wind up or is judicially wound up. Effectively, eligible creditors (those that meet the mutuality requirement) are positioned alongside secured creditors to the extent of their debt to the insolvent party. Simultaneously, they continue to be placed within the pool of unsecured creditors who (as a result of the speeding of the recovery process for those creditors eligible for set-off, recover a diminished amount themselves) receive dividends on the portion of debt still owed to them by the insolvent party."

Tags:debtor, creditor, banks, finance, loans

Abstract
This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues, the money could be given to charity, instead of being kept by the professor and thus do a lot of good for others that the professor might otherwise not be able to do. The student argues that "The ends justify the means", so to speak and therefore accepting the bribe is the right thing to do. We will outline what utilitarianism says about this case and discuss whether it is legitimate for the student to offer the bribe from a utilitarian point of view.

From the Paper
Abstract This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues,

Tags:utilitarianism, ethics, philosophy

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is often argued that juveniles are victims of circumstances and bad environments. Further, the writer points out that it is said that they come from "broken homes", "dysfunctional families", and "deteriorated neighborhoods" lacking any "internal community support". The writer discusses the relevance of this theory with the "rational" choice theory that criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice. The writer examines the issue of whether youths engage in criminal activities due to their dysfunctional environments or whether they thoughtfully plan, organize and rationalize their criminal activity. Social control and rational choice theories are compared to determine whether youths are victims of their environments or they specifically choose criminal activity regardless of their upbringings.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Youth Development
Theories Examined
Social Control Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Social control theory can provide explanations to why the majority of incarcerated youths are from poor environments. The theory is criticized for not explaining why juveniles from stable positive environments commit crimes. The concept of white collar criminals is somewhat contrary to social control theories. Youths have risen from poverty, dysfunctional families, poor schooling, deteriorated neighborhoods and criminal peers to become well functioning productive members of society. An unstable difficult environment does not necessarily produce juvenile delinquency as social control theorists would suggest. Numerous negative factors do affect whether a child becomes prone to criminal activity but there are no solid rules or clear explanations."

Tags:victims, environments, circumstances, punishment