Abstract
The paper argues that cigarette boats should be banned from coming near shorelines because they cause clear damage to property lying alongside lake waters, harm local wildlife, and - not least of all - imperil human life. The paper asserts that cigarette boats do not deserve to be outlawed, but there needs to be constraints on where they can or cannot go.

From the Paper
"Cigarette boats have become a real topic of discussion in recent years because of the environmental concerns they stir and because of the passions they provoke on both sides of the debate. With that in mind, the following paper will argue that cigarette boats should be banned from coming near shorelines because they cause clear damage to property lying alongside lake waters, harm local wildlife, and - not least of all - imperil human life. In the end, cigarette boats do not deserve to be outlawed, but there need to be constraints on where they can or cannot go."

Tags:boats, cigarette, shore

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses the importance of having harsh limitations on cigarette advertising. The writer maintains that whether in regards to billboards, television spots, back-page magazine hits, or even sponsorships in the arts and sports, big-tobacco has a well-documented history of creating messaging beyond simply offensive. The writer argues that as a result of decades of false, misleading, and socially irresponsible advertising, cigarette manufacturers must have severe limitations on their ability to advertise what is clearly a harmful product.

Tags:banning, cigarette, advertising

Abstract
In this study, the writer examines cigarette advertisements that are aimed at women. The writer argues that the advertisements represent harmful speech and should not have First Amendment protection. The writer looks at the move in the 1990's against cigarette advertising and discusses consumer needs rather than the needs of big business.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the proposition that cigarette advertisements aimed towards women are in violation of the First Amendment. The plan of the research will be to show that the ads represent an instance of harmful speech and that as such, they are in direct violation of the First Amendment guarantee to be protected from such speech."

Tags:first, amendment, cigarette, advertising

Abstract
This paper identifies the extent to which cigarette smoking is responsible for cancer and the types of cancers caused by smoking. The paper examines the main cancer-causing ingredients in cigarette smoke and explains how they cause cancer.

Outline:
Abstract
How Far is Cigarette Smoking Responsible for Causing Cancer
Types of Cancer Caused by Cigarette Smoking
Cancer-causing Ingredients in Cigarette Smoke
The Cancer-Causing Mechanism

From the Paper
"A major WHO Cancer Report in 2003 identifies tobacco consumption as "the most important avoidable cancer risk" worldwide ("Global Cancer Rates" 2003). According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute , "cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States" ("Cigarette Smoking and Cancer," 2004). Since active smoking is a purely voluntary act, these statistics make cigarette smoking the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Statistics on Cancer in other developed countries are no different with approximately a third of all cancer deaths in the UK being attributable to smoking in the year 2000 ("Fact sheet No. 4" 2005). Although the rising smoking trend in the developed world, including the United States, has reversed in recent decades due to increased awareness about the harmful effects of smoking, it is increasing in the developing world by 3.4% per year ("Tobacco and the Developing World," 2007). "

Tags:tobacco, death, active, passive, lungs, carcinogens

Abstract
When the dangers of smoking became public knowledge, the movement to have cigarettes labeled began. This paper traces the path that led to the creation of labels on cigarette packages through the study of John Kingdon's model of public policy and shows that cigarette labeling is one of the most classic examples of Kingdon's model in action. The paper shows that public pressure, the grass roots movements, and the window of opportunity all came together to make the government force tobacco companies to warn their own customers of the dangers in their product.

From the Paper
"When a group or an individual has the desire to garner government funds for a purpose they are in a race with many other groups or individuals who want the same thing for their cause. This creates a type of vacuum in which all of the ideas, and desires are jumbled together in one large area called lobbying. Lobbying is the path the group takes to gain both public and political support for their cause. Lobbying is done before the bill ever reaches voting stages and it is where most desires for government backing or funding die. For a group to be successful in their desire to get their concerns to the voting floor they must take advantage of the window that is created by things such as public awareness, litigation and other factors. When this window occurs, the iron is hot and it is the best time to strike according to the Kingdon model."

Tags:tobacco, Surgeon, General

Abstract
As society has become more health savvy, the cigarette industry has had to confront new and potentially devastating challenges to its business. The legal, political, and other challenges it faces occur both in the United States and abroad. This paper covers issues such as ethics, advertising, health organizations, and restrictions. It examines the innovative ways that cigarette companies have developed to market their products, despite the growing opposition and restrictions.

From the Paper
"In Eastern Europe, cigarette manufacturers occasionally openly defy restrictions, spotting the weakness of the local laws in countries such as Hungary. In addition, cigarette manufacturers have also used philanthropic efforts as marketing ploys. Donating money and materials to a variety of causes from hospitals and schools to senior centers and homeless shelters, the cigarette manufacturers have found a potent branding opportunity in generosity."

Tags:sporting, events, Surgeon, General, FDA

Abstract
This paper explain that, when strategically analyzing cigarette advertising in Canadian, emphasis must be placed upon what could realistically be achieved given the range of conflicting interests of all of the stakeholders in this debate. The author points out that the Supreme Court of Canada in the mid-1990s struck down a carefully crafted Canadian government policy, which radically restricted advertising by tobacco companies. The paper stresses that any successful advertising strategy must form a balance between utility and rights. The author relates that the concept of rule utilitarianism is a normative ethical model that provides us with some guidance in developing a strategic approach. The paper states that this model suggests that the advertising must not only be considered in terms of pure utility but also in terms of what is practically achievable given the complex range of interested stakeholders.

From the Paper
"Within these parameters, a strategic approach would balance the utility to the Canadian public from less tobacco promotion with the rights of freedom of expression of the tobacco companies to sell their products. It would be likely, for example, that the courts would consider a ban on advertising in media where it may be easily encountered by minors/children to be an acceptable limitation on the tobacco companies' freedom of expression. For example, cigarette advertising could be banned from television, movies and radio, as these media have a considerable youth audience."

Tags:utilitarianism, rights, freedom, children, regulation

Abstract
The paper explores the complex ethical questions involved in the debate over limiting the power of cigarette manufacturers to advertise. The paper explains that while limiting advertising can be justified from a utilitarian perspective, from a Kantian perspective of rights, such a limitation presents grave implications for the future of our society. The paper argues that a normative approach to this issue would be to recognize the importance of "rule utilitarianism" as opposed to pure utilitarianism as the key determinant of government action.

From the Paper
"The current situation would suggest that there is a clear and present for governments to take action given the need to protect the public interest, together with the need to counteract the resources available to the tobacco industry to sell their product. Indeed, the history of cigarette advertising is such that it would seem this argument is almost unquestionable. For example, this industry has a long history of using advertising to appeal to young people and the public at large by covertly covering up the effects of tobacco. Following following the end of World War II, the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co. boasted that "More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette" (Waxman). This advertising claim carried the clear implication that the medical community as a whole endorses "Camels" cigarettes. While no tobacco company would dare to make such a statement today, that does not stop the industry from trying to make smoking appear cool to teenagers."

Tags:freedom, expression, utilitarian, perspective, rule, pure, utilitarianism

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death. Men who smoke are most at risk of death from lung cancer. The author argues that smokers are in great danger of dangerous health effects from smoking and discusses the various impacts caused by smoking.

From the Paper
'Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, tobacco usage is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Nationally, more than 5 million years of potential life are lost each year as a result of smoking. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. Approximately 80% of adult smokers start smoking before the age of 18. Furthermore, approximately five million children presently living will die prematurely because of the decision to smoke cigarettes at adolescence."

Tags:diseases, effects, health, men, smokers, smoking

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the short-term and long-term effects of cigarette smoking, including effects on children and the effects of second-hand smoke.

From the Paper
"There are many effects of cigarette smoking on the actual smoker. They include lung cancer and other cancers, cardiovascular malfunctions, strokes, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Cigarette smoking may even lead to changes in the smoker's appearance such as early wrinkling and yellowing of their teeth."

Tags:cancer, disease, emphysema, heart